Effects of Green Banana Biomass (Musa spp.) on Laboratory Parameters of Animal Models of Wistar Mice under Hyperlipidic Diet

Green banana (Musa spp.) and papaya (Carica papaya), which are commonly consumed as vegetables, are fruits with lots of health benefits. Due to their various medicinal applications, both the fruits are likely to contain antimicrobial properties. In this regard, present study was undertaken to determine the microbiological quality as well as the anti-bacterial traits of fresh green banana and papaya. To serve the purpose, a total of 12 samples (6 green bananas and 6 green papaya) were collected from different local and super shops as well from cultivation land of some villages of Bangladesh. The samples contained the microbial contamination with viable bacteria and fungi up to 107cfu/g and 103 cfu/g. Among the pathogenic bacteria, Staphylococcus spp. Pseudomonas spp. and Vibrio spp. were predominant as found in most of the samples in average of 102 cfu/g. Whereas Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. were totally absent in all the samples. On the other hand, Klebsiella spp. was present in same samples. Additionally, the anti-bacterial poverties of the samples were chalked out. The in-vitro antimicrobial activities of the ethanolic, methanolic and hot water extracts of the samples were noticeably found against all the tested bacteria. Overall, present study revealed that both the green fruit samples were highly contaminated although they have antimicrobial activities. Thus, consumers’ awareness on the risk of consuming pathogen contaminated vegetables needs to be re-awakened and further investigations are required for potential antimicrobial properties. Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.8(1) 2018: 41-45

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Effect of ripening on the Chemical Composition of Green locally Cultivated Banana Cultivars (Musa Spp.) Peel

NIGERIAN ANNALS OF PURE AND APPLIED SCIENCES ◽

10.46912/napas.158 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 52-66

Author(s):

JA Ayo ◽

A Ochefu ◽

A Agbatutu

Keyword(s):

Vitamin E ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Relative Increase ◽

Fibre Content ◽

Standard Methods ◽

Musa Spp ◽

Green Banana

The study investigated the Effect of ripening on the proximate, minerals, vitamins and photochemical composition of green locally cultivated banana cultivars peels. The matured unripe green banana fruits were collected from Ussa, Ussa LGA, Taraba State, Nigeria. The proximate, minerals, vitamins and photochemical composition of banana cultivars peels were determined using standard methods. The moisture, protein and carbohydrate content of the peel of unripe green banana decreased from 8.64 to 8.43, 5.47 to 5.23 and 73.04 to 72.42%, respectively, while the ash, fats and fibre content increased from 4.55 to 5.23, 5.35 to 5.57 and 2.96 to 3.13%, respectively, on ripening. The vitamin C, vitamin E, starch and lignin content of the peel of the green cultivar decreased from 0.08 to 0.11, 106.83 to 95.03, 1.07 to 0.97 and 5.84 to 5.55mg/100g, respectively, while the sugar increased from 0.95 to 1.09mg/100g on ripening. The green cultivar peel flour showed a significant decrease, p=0.05, in calcium(0.65 to 0.58mg/100g), potassium(4.63 to 4.36mg/100g), iron(0.28 to 0.23mg/100g) and zinc(0.4 to 0.3mg/100g), respectively, with relative increase in the phosphorous(0.35 to 0.37mg/100g) content on ripening. Ripening decreased the phenol (0.73 to 0.64mg/g), flavonoid (1.70 to 1.41mg/g), carotinod (5.05 to 3.35mg/g) and sterol (0.18 to 0.16mg/g) content of the green cultivar peel flour. The study has shown that ripening has generally improved the vitamins and the sugar content of the ripe banana peels.

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Reductionist thinking and animal models in neuropsychiatric research

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x18001231 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nicole M. Baran

Keyword(s):

Animal Models ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽

Model Organisms ◽

Developmental Genetic ◽

Term Study ◽

Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽

Mechanisms Of Plasticity

AbstractReductionist thinking in neuroscience is manifest in the widespread use of animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders. Broader investigations of diverse behaviors in non-model organisms and longer-term study of the mechanisms of plasticity will yield fundamental insights into the neurobiological, developmental, genetic, and environmental factors contributing to the “massively multifactorial system networks” which go awry in mental disorders.

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Inflammational Animal Models for Schizophrenia

Zeitschrift für Psychologie ◽

10.1027/2151-2604/a000216 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 223 (3) ◽

pp. 157-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Georg Juckel

Keyword(s):

Animal Model ◽

Animal Models ◽

Immune Activation ◽

Microglial Activation ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Synaptic Connections ◽

Preventive Interventions ◽

Immunological System

Abstract. Inflammational-immunological processes within the pathophysiology of schizophrenia seem to play an important role. Early signals of neurobiological changes in the embryonal phase of brain in later patients with schizophrenia might lead to activation of the immunological system, for example, of cytokines and microglial cells. Microglia then induces – via the neurotoxic activities of these cells as an overreaction – a rarification of synaptic connections in frontal and temporal brain regions, that is, reduction of the neuropil. Promising inflammational animal models for schizophrenia with high validity can be used today to mimic behavioral as well as neurobiological findings in patients, for example, the well-known neurochemical alterations of dopaminergic, glutamatergic, serotonergic, and other neurotransmitter systems. Also the microglial activation can be modeled well within one of this models, that is, the inflammational PolyI:C animal model of schizophrenia, showing a time peak in late adolescence/early adulthood. The exact mechanism, by which activated microglia cells then triggers further neurodegeneration, must now be investigated in broader detail. Thus, these animal models can be used to understand the pathophysiology of schizophrenia better especially concerning the interaction of immune activation, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. This could also lead to the development of anti-inflammational treatment options and of preventive interventions.

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