Political participation and small-scale fishery management in the Tonlé Sap, Cambodia

Small-scale inland fisheries (SSIF) are a livelihood opportunity for millions of people in developing countries. Understanding the economic, ecological, political and social impacts fishers are coping with can clarify weaknesses and challenges in the fishery management. Using the SSIF at Lake Alaotra, Madagascar, as an example, we analyzed the development and fishers’ perception of, and adaptation strategies to, change. We surveyed fish catches to assess the state of fish stocks and conducted interviews to understand fishers’ livelihood, problems, behavior and attitudes. Our results show that the fishery sector of Lake Alaotra has grown dramatically although fish catches have fallen sharply. Changes in species composition and low reproduction rates reflect the fishing pressure. A point of no return seems near, as decreasing agricultural yields force farmers to enter the fishery sector as a form of livelihood diversification. Lake Alaotra reflects an alarming trend which can already be seen in many regions of the world and may affect a growing number in the near future. The Alaotran fisheries demonstrate that SSIF’s ability to provide livelihood alternatives under conditions of insecurity will become increasingly important. It further highlights that the identification of ongoing livelihood dynamics in order to disclose possible poverty trap mechanisms and to understand fisheries’ current function is essential for sustainable management.

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Net Fisheries’ Métiers in the Eastern Mediterranean: Insights for Small-Scale Fishery Management on Kalymnos Island

Water ◽

10.3390/w11071509 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1509 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kyriakoula Roditi ◽

Dimitris Vafidis

Keyword(s):

Mediterranean Sea ◽

Fishery Management ◽

Eastern Mediterranean ◽

Market Price ◽

Aegean Sea ◽

Small Scale ◽

Target Species ◽

Essential Information ◽

Small Scale Fisheries ◽

The Difference

Small-scale fisheries constitute an important component of coastal human societies. The present study describes the small-scale net fisheries on Kalymnos Island (south-east Aegean Sea) that harbors the largest small-scale fleet in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. In addition, this study aims to evaluate their characteristics and economics. Relevant métiers were identified through a multivariate analysis by inputting the main resources and fishing gear data that were recorded during landings. Four main practices were observed being used as fishing gears, gillnets and trammel nets, targeting the species Mullus barbatus, Boops boops, Mullus surmuletus, Scorpaena porcus, and Sepia officinalis. Further analysis, which incorporated data concerning the type of the gear used, revealed 11 distinct métiers. Most of these métiers are practiced by other Mediterranean small-scale fisheries as well, in terms of target species, gear and seasonality. However, the métier that had its target species as B.boops is not practiced in other Mediterranean small-scale fisheries. The seasonal rotation of métiers was determined by the availability of different species rather than their market price. The results revealed the difference in fishing practice used by the fishermen in the study area compared to other fishing practices in the Mediterranean Sea. In particular, the fishermen of this study area targeted more species (B.boops) with a very low market price. They also provided essential information for the development and implementation of management plans aiming at the sustainability of small-scale fisheries.

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Why do fishers fish where they fish? Using the ideal free distribution to understand the behaviour of artisanal reef fishers

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f07-125 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 64 (11) ◽

pp. 1595-1604 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

Kirsten E Abernethy ◽

Edward H Allison ◽

Philip P Molloy ◽

Isabelle M Côté

Keyword(s):

Fishery Management ◽

Management Practice ◽

Ideal Free Distribution ◽

Null Model ◽

Small Scale ◽

Ecological Data ◽

Free Distribution ◽

Effective Development ◽

Ideal Free ◽

The Ideal

We used the theory of the ideal free distribution (IFD) as a framework to understand the mechanisms underlying fishing site selection by Anguillian artisanal fishers exploiting shallow-water coral reefs. Contrary to the predictions of IFD, fishers did not distribute themselves so that average reward was equal among fishers using different fishing methods or among fishers using the same method. In addition, fishing pressure did not increase with resource availability. Key assumptions of the IFD were not met. The distribution of Anguillian fishers was not "ideal" because lack of knowledge prevented fishers from choosing fishing grounds with the greatest rewards. Not all fishers sought to maximise profit. In addition, all fishers were not "free" to distribute themselves among reefs owing to variation in social, economic, and physical characteristics of fishers that constrained fisher movements and ability to extract resources. This study shows that as a null model the IFD is useful to frame studies designed to gain detailed insights into the complexity and dynamics of a small-scale fishery. Alongside ecological data, this framework may inform efficient and effective development of reef and fishery management practice.

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Stock assessment and fishery management of Henicorhynchus spp., Cyclocheilichthys enoplos and Channa micropeltes in Tonle Sap Great Lake, Cambodia

Journal of Great Lakes Research ◽

10.1016/j.jglr.2008.11.014 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 169-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Nguyen T. Hai Yen ◽

Kengo Sunada ◽

Satoru Oishi ◽

Kou Ikejima ◽

Tomaya Iwata

Keyword(s):

Great Lake ◽

Fishery Management ◽

Stock Assessment ◽

Tonle Sap

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Using a coupled behavior-economic model to reduce uncertainty and assess fishery management in a data-limited, small-scale fishery

Ecological Economics ◽

10.1016/j.ecolecon.2014.03.011 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 102 ◽

pp. 94-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Liam M. Carr ◽

William D. Heyman

Keyword(s):

Economic Model ◽

Fishery Management ◽

Small Scale

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Salmon Management in the United States

Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada ◽

10.1139/f73-373 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 30 (12) ◽

pp. 2386-2392

Author(s):

W. F. Royce

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Fishery Management ◽

Early Response ◽

The United States ◽

Small Scale ◽

Major Step ◽

Freshwater Environment ◽

Separate Control ◽

High Degree ◽

Salmon Fishery

The salmon fishery of the United States illustrates the major principles and problems of fishery management: regulation of the fishery, maintenance of the environment, and artificial augmentation of the stocks. It also includes controls both in fresh water and on the high seas. The industry has experienced the age-old conflicts between large- and small-scale fisheries, and administrators have had to wrestle with the problem of allocating the catch among various contenders. This problem has been confused with that of conservation. Prohibition of salmon traps, restrictions on size and mode of operation of purse seines, and prohibition of monofilament gillnets are examples of the kinds of compromises made between allocation and conservation.Dams, pollution, and other modifications of the freshwater environment have endangered salmon stocks. An early response was to raise salmon artificially and release them. For many years this technique was unsuccessful, and when it was evaluated most hatcheries were closed. In recent years the preservation of the genetic identity of the stock and improved diets and schedules of release have resulted in greater success of hatcheries. Spawning channels show promise of additional success. Another practice of value has been development of devices to pass fish over dams, both upstream and down.Control of fishing to provide adequate spawning has concentrated on manipulation of individual population units, an enormously complicated task since the number of these in United States streams is in the order of 10,000. Of these about 100 major ones are under separate control. Regulations depend on forecasts, since fishing takes place before the salmon reach spawning grounds. Forecasts have improved greatly in recent years, although much remains to be done.Among problems on which no great progress has been made are: extent and consequences of genetic change produced by selective fishing; causes of cycles, and alterations in these; effects of changing environment, especially subtle ones of temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pollution; control of recruitment, including release of hardy young. Difficult economic problems include: the tendency for regulations to favor inefficient operators; high costs of research and regulation, borne not by users but by public funds.Administrative achievements include: a high degree of environmental protection; remarkably parallel regulations in the three States principally involved, Alaska, Washington, and Oregon; successful joint regulation of international fisheries in cooperation with Canada and Japan.Problems which will continue to exist and increase in difficulty include protection of the environment of the salmon, rivalries between many diverse interest groups, and improvement in culture operations. The major step of restricting entry into the commercial salmon fishery is being contemplated in several locations.

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BIO-EXPLOITATION STATUS OF BOMBAY DUCK (Harpadon nehereus HAMILTON, 1822) ON TRAWL FISHERY IN TARAKAN WATERS

Indonesian Fisheries Research Journal ◽

10.15578/ifrj.21.1.2015.53-59 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 53

Author(s):

Duto Nugroho ◽

Ria Faizah ◽

Andhika P. Prasetyo ◽

M. Badrudin

Keyword(s):

Fishery Management ◽

Management Plan ◽

Reference Points ◽

Fishing Ground ◽

Individual Species ◽

Small Scale ◽

Base Line ◽

Boundary Area ◽

Bombay Duck ◽

Harpadon Nehereus

North Kalimantan Province, notably Tarakan City marine waters, is one of the important fishing ground in boundary area among Sulu Sulawesi Marine Ecoregion. It produces approximately 100 mt/annum of Bombay duck (<em>Harpadon nehereus</em>) with valued of US$ 750,000. The sustainability of this fishery is a crucially concern given the following: substantial economic contribution, significant dependence of small-scale fishers on this species for their livelihoods. The fishing intensities considerable and growing threats to their habitats. To evaluate the vulnerability of individual species to over exploitation, the spawning potential ratio (SPR) approach applied to describe the status of its existing fisheries. This approach provides the ability to determine fishing mortality as reference points to enhance its sustainability. The objective of this study is to understand this fish biomass resilience to harvesting. The calculated SPR based on the value of estimated length of first capture or Lc at 208 mm is equivalent to the SPR of 28%. With a base line of stocks are generally thought to risk recruitment declining when SPR <20%, recent finding indicated that the existing fishery can be generally described as nearly fully exploited. In recognition of this sector’s has an ecological importance and socio-economic significance, the sustainable development of Bombay duck fisheries should be initiated through developing local fishery committee to provide a their local fishery management plan.

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Assessing the Potential for Small-Scale Aquaculture in Cambodia

10.20944/preprints201805.0421.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Robert B. Richardson ◽

Murari Suvedi

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Household Food Security ◽

Small Scale ◽

Lake Ecosystem ◽

Lake Basin ◽

Fishing Pressure ◽

Commercial Fish ◽

Tonle Sap Lake ◽

Household Food ◽

Tonle Sap

Fisheries in Cambodia play an important role in supporting household food security and livelihoods throughout the country. Inland fisheries production is largely dependent on numerous ecosystem services, particularly the flood waters of the Tonle Sap Lake basin, which has been degraded from increased fishing pressure because of population growth and a rising demand for fish. To address the dual problem of food insecurity and overfishing, an integrated food security and climate change program involved the promotion of small-scale aquaculture through semi-intensive pond management. The objective of this study is to examine perceptions of small-scale aquaculture by participants in this program in order to assess the potential for aquaculture to contribute to household food security and conservation of the Tonle Sap Lake ecosystem. Focus group discussions and a household survey were conducted among current and previous fish farmers. Results demonstrate that most farmers continue to practice small-scale aquaculture as a means to supplement household food availability and income. Numerous barriers to adoption of small-scale aquaculture were identified, including access to water, prices of commercial fish feed, selling price of fish in markets, and concerns about profitability. Seasonal water scarcity is the most prominent challenge in promoting aquaculture technologies, so aquaculture development should be expanded in areas where there are abundant supplies of water, or where use of water storage techniques are feasible. Aquaculture technology appears to have the potential to contribute to food security, nutrition, and household income, and the expansion of the practice of small-scale aquaculture has the potential to reduce fishing pressure on the wild fisheries of the Tonle Sap Lake.

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Histology of Tritia mutabilis gonads: using reproductive biology to support sustainable fishery management

Aquatic Living Resources ◽

10.1051/alr/2021006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. 6

Author(s):

Alicia Mallet ◽

Jean-Yves Jouvenel ◽

Morgane Broyon ◽

Nelly Pirot ◽

Benjamin Geffroy

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Biology ◽

Fishery Management ◽

Shell Height ◽

Management Plan ◽

Small Scale ◽

Breeding Period ◽

Management Measures ◽

Baseline Information ◽

Sustainable Fishery ◽

First Maturity

The mutable nassa, Tritia mutabilis, a marine gastropod that is widely exploited on the Adriatic coast is an important source of income for small-scale fishermen in the Mediterranean Sea, particularly in the Gulf of Lion. However, the lack of knowledge on the ecology and biology of this species limits our capacities to propose and produce an effective management plan. As a result, stocks are currently declining, especially in Italy. In order to optimize a management plan for this fishery, we designed a study to better characterize the reproductive biology of T. mutabilis, using gonad histology and performing a regular monitoring of population size frequency. The average shell height of individuals during the breeding period was 24 ± 2.7 mm for males and 30 ± 3.7 mm for females. The presence of small females (10 mm) and large males (32 mm) in the whole sample challenged previous assumptions regarding protandry (sex change from male to female). The size at first maturity was estimated for males and females at 17.5 mm and 24.4 mm shell height, respectively. In Italy, current management measures include a minimum conservation reference size of 20 mm in shell height. Therefore, it is likely that many individuals that did not reproduce are being caught, which could partly explain the decline observed, despite conservation measures introduced more than ten years ago. Overall, our study provides some baseline information to establish, in consultation with fishermen, management measures for this small-scale fishery in France.

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