Co-infections of tuberculosis, hepatitis B or C viruses in a cohort of people living with HIV/AIDS in China: predictors and sequelae

Objective: We aimed to determine Hepatitis B virus (HBV) prevalence, immune status, and the prevalence of antibody response in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Istanbul, Turkey. Methods: The study includes PLWHA aged 18 years and older who were followed-up for at least 6 months from 1997 to 2018. Results: Of the 653 patients with PLWHA, 99 (15.2%) were both antiHBc-IgG and antiHBs positive, 120 (18.3%) were antiHBc-IgG positive/antiHBs negative. HBsAg was positive in 40 (6.1%) patients. HBsAg positive coinfection (≤40 years 4.6% vs. >40 years 21.7%, p<0.001) and antiHBc-IgG positivity/antiHBs negativity (≤40 years 14.0% vs. >40 years 26.5, p<0.001) were higher in PLWHA older than 40 years. The prevalence of HIV/HBV coinfection reached a peak level of 22.2% in 2004, and it decreased to 3.3% in 2018. The prevalence of immunization before HIV diagnosis was low (15.6%). The prevalence of antibody response (anti-HBs>10 IU/L) after immunization for HBV was 50%. A higher protective response was associated with CD4+≥350 cell/mm3 (59.3%, p=0.014). Conclusion: HBV coexistence in PLWHA remains an imperatively important problem. The most conclusive methods in solving this problem are to prevent transmission by immunization and control measures. Also, HBV screening should in no manner be neglected in PLWHA. Keywords: HIV; Hepatitis B; prevalence.

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Predictors of overall mortality among people living with HIV/AIDS in Brazil, 2007-2015

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckz185.045 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽

Author(s):

M E Santos ◽

R A Ribeiro ◽

C Protopopescu ◽

M Nishimwe ◽

I Yaya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Risk Group ◽

National Database ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Overall Mortality ◽

Hiv Aids

Abstract Background In Brazil there are 926,742 people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Despite the introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in 1996 and treatment for all in 2014, mortality has increased in some regions. This study aimed to estimate the factors associated with overall mortality in PLWHA to recommend public health actions. Methods We studied PLWHA aged ≥18 years old, followed-up from 2007 to 2015 in the universal health system in Brazil. We used a national database (disease reporting, laboratory tests, ART and death notifications). Kaplan-Meier method and Cox model were used in survival analysis. The outcome was all-cause deaths. The explanatory variables measured at baseline were sociodemographic characteristics, HIV transmission mode and coinfections by hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV). The time-varying variables were CD4 cell count, viral load (VL) and ART status. Results Study population (n = 411,281) was mainly male (61%), under 40 years old (61%), Caucasian (37%), with basic education (43%), heterosexual HIV-infection mode (41%), resident in Southeast region (48%). The co-infection rate was 2.5% for HCV, and 1.4% for HBV. Median time to ART initiation was 83 days. During the follow-up period (median: 4 years), 61,757 deaths occurred (6% HCV-coinfected and 2% HBV-coinfected). The global mortality rate was 3.44 [95% confidence interval: 3.42-3.47] per 100 person-years (PY) during 1,793,417 PY. The factors associated with increased mortality in multivariable analyses were male gender, age over 40, non-Caucasian race, HIV infection by drug use, resident in North, Northeast and South regions, HCV and HBV coinfection, VL ≥ 200 copies/mL and starting ART with CD4<200 cells/mm3. Conclusions Although PLWHA start ART in less than 3 months after the beginning of follow-up, there is still late treatment (at CD4<200 cells/mm3). Screening should target all populations regardless of risk group. Coinfected individuals should also be early treated for HCV and HBV infections. Key messages The results of our study show that all populations should be target for HIV screening regardless of risk group. PLWHA coinfected with hepatitis B and hepatitis C should be also early treated for hepatitis coinfections.

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Clinical Correlates of Hepatitis B or Hepatitis C Coinfections in People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV)

Journal of Advanced Research in Medicine ◽

10.24321/2349.7181.201813 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 05 (03) ◽

pp. 7-14

Author(s):

Pranav Ish ◽

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Clinical Correlates ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

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Hepatitis B Infection in People Living with HIV/AIDS; A Retrospective Study of the Effia Nkwanta Regional Hospital

Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research ◽

10.9734/jammr/2019/v29i830108 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Richard Anthony ◽

Ruth C. Brenyah ◽

Kwame O. Darkwah ◽

Blessing C. Egbule ◽

Jerry P. K. Ninnoni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Laboratory Data ◽

Regional Hospital ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Aids Patients ◽

Cd4 Cell Count ◽

Total Prevalence ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

Introduction: Comorbidities among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) increases with disease severity. This may be attributed to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) toxicity and HIV/AIDS-related infections. Aim: We investigated the presence of comorbidities among PLWHA and reported their clinical and biochemical characteristics. Methods: This study was conducted at the Effia Nkwanta Regional Hospital (ENRH) in the South-Western part of Ghana. A retrospective data of 500 participants (134 males and 366 females) was collected from HIV/AIDS patients on HAART (January 2012 to January 2016). Sociodemographic characteristics and laboratory data of patients were retrieved from patients’ clinical files and laboratory database respectively. Data was analyzed with SPSS for both descriptive and inferential analysis. Results: A total of 96 (19.2%) comorbidities were recorded (N=500). The most prevalent comorbidity was hepatitis B virus infection (34.4%). Among the 96 HIV/AIDS patients who had comorbidities, 27 (28.1%) were males and 69 (71.9%) were females. The systolic blood pressure (SBP) of the HIV/AIDS patients with comorbidities was similar to that of those without comorbidities (113.84 ± 16.73 vs 115.32 ± 15.68). Majority of the participants with comorbidities 59 (61.5%) and those without comorbidities 227 (56.2%) were found to be on the same therapy combination (TDF+3TC+EFV). The decreased CD4 cell count, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), serum potassium and creatinine were similar in the participants (those with comorbidities and those without comorbidities). None of the demographic, clinical and biochemical parameters were associated with the presence of comorbidities. Conclusion: The total prevalence of commodities was 19.2% and the most prevalent commodity was HBV (34.4%). The comorbidities were common among females, the married and old people living with HIV/AIDS. Early and regular screening will be a key prevention and control strategy for the HIV/AIDS-associated commodities.

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