Do natural disasters accelerate sustainability transitions? Insights from the Central Italy earthquake

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Annalisa Rizzo ◽  
Francesco Cappellano ◽  
Ilenia Pierantoni ◽  
Massimo Sargolini
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Sustainability Transitions ◽  
Central Italy Earthquake

scholarly journals August 24th, 2016 Central Italy Earthquake - Validation of “Modified Utstein Template for Hospital Disaster Response Reporting,” A New Tool for Reporting Hospital’s Reaction to Disasters

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (s1) ◽  
pp. s4-s5
Author(s):  
Matteo Paganini ◽  
Luca Ragazzoni ◽  
Fabio Rossitto ◽  
Aurora Vecchiato ◽  
Rita Bonfini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Central Italy Earthquake ◽  
Medical Response ◽  
Scientific Report ◽  
Management Reporting ◽  
Hospital Response ◽  
Utstein Style

Introduction:After Action Reports analyze events and recommend actions to facilitate preparedness and response to future similar disasters. However, there is no consensus among the templates developed to collect data during disasters and little is known about how to report hospital responses.Aim:The hypothesis was that the use of a new assessment tool for hospital response to natural disasters facilitates the systematic collection of data and the delivery of a scientific report after the event.Methods:A data collection tool, focused on hospital response to natural disasters, was created modifying the “Utstein-Style Template for Uniform Data Reporting of Acute Medical Response in Disasters”,1 and tested the reaction of the hospitals involved in the response to the Central Italy earthquake on August 24th, 2016.Results:Four hospitals were included. The completion rate of the tool was of 97.10%. A total of 613 patients accessed the four emergency departments, most of them in Rieti hospital (178; 29.04%). Three hundred and thirty – six patients were classified as earthquake-related (54.81%), most of which with trauma injuries (260; 77.38%).Discussion:The new reporting tool proved to be easy to use and allowed to retrospectively reconstruct most (97.10%) of the actions implemented by hospital responders. Details about activation, patient fluxes, times, and actions undertaken were easily reconstructed throughout in-field interviews of hospital managers and patients’ charts. Patients were uniformly distributed across the four hospitals, and the hospital capabilities were able to cope with this mass influx of casualties. The Modified Utstein Template for Hospital Disaster Response Reporting is a valid tool for hospital disaster management reporting. This template could be used for a better comprehension of hospital disaster reaction, debriefing activities, and revisions.

The August 24, 2016, Central Italy Earthquake: Validation of the “Modified Utstein Template for Hospital Disaster Response Reporting” As a New Tool for Reporting Hospitals’ Response to Disasters

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-247
Author(s):  
Matteo Paganini ◽  
Luca Ragazzoni ◽  
Fabio Rossitto ◽  
Aurora Vecchiato ◽  
Rita Bonfini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Disaster Plan ◽  
Central Italy Earthquake ◽  
Medical Response ◽  
Valid Instrument ◽  
Management Reporting

ABSTRACTBackground:After-action reports analyze events and improve knowledge about how to prevent and react to unexpected situations. Anyway, there is no consensus among the templates developed for disaster events reporting, and there is not a specific model for reporting hospital disaster response.Objective:The study was aimed to pilot the use of a new assessment tool for hospital response to natural disasters.Methods:A data collection tool, focused on hospital disaster response to natural disasters, was created modifying the “Utstein-Style Template for Uniform Data Reporting of Acute Medical Response in Disasters” and tested the reaction of the nearest hospitals to the epicenter after the August 24, 2016, Central Italy earthquake.Results:Four hospitals were included. The completion rate of the tool was 97.10%. A total of 613 patients accessed the 4 emergency departments, most of them in Rieti Hospital (178; 29.04%). Three hundred thirty-six (54.81%) patients were classified as earthquake-related, most with trauma injuries (260; 77.38%).Conclusions:This template seemed to be a valid instrument for hospital disaster management reporting and could be used for better comprehension of hospital disaster reaction, debriefing activities, and hospital disaster plan revisions.

scholarly journals PHOTOGRAMMETRY AS A PARTICIPATORY RECOVERY TOOL AFTER DISASTERS: A GROUNDED FRAMEWORK FOR FUTURE GUIDELINES

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W15 ◽  
pp. 921-928
Author(s):  
C. Pezzica ◽  
A. Piemonte ◽  
C. Bleil de Souza ◽  
V. Cutini
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Humanitarian Response ◽  
Central Italy Earthquake ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Crowdsourced Data ◽  
Fit For Purpose

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> This paper identifies the application domain, context of use, processes and goals of low-cost street-level photogrammetry after urban disasters. The proposal seeks a synergy between top-down and bottom-up initiatives carried out by different actors during the humanitarian response phase in data scarce contexts. By focusing on the self-organisation capacities of local people, this paper suggests using collaborative photogrammetry to empower communities hit by disasters and foster their active participation in recovery and reconstruction planning. It shows that this task may prove technically challenging depending on the specifics of the collected imagery and develops a grounded framework to produce user-centred image acquisition guidelines and fit-for-purpose photogrammetric reconstruction workflows, useful in future post-disaster scenarios. To this end, it presents an in-depth analysis of a collaborative photographic mapping initiative undergone by a group of citizen-scientists after the 2016 Central Italy earthquake, followed by the explorative processing of some sample datasets. Specifically, the paper firstly presents a visual ethnographic study of the photographic material uploaded by participants from September 2016 to November 2018 in the two Italian municipalities of Arquata del Tronto and Norcia. Secondly, it illustrates from a technical point of view issues concerning the processing of crowdsourced data (e.g. image filtering, selection, quality, semantic content and 3D model scaling) and discusses the viability of using it to enrich the pool of geo-information available to stakeholders and decision-makers. Final considerations are discussed as part of a grounded framework for future guidelines tailored to multiple goals and data processing scenarios.</p>

scholarly journals PSHA after a strong earthquake: hints for the recovery

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Peruzza ◽  
R. Gee ◽  
B. Pace ◽  
G. Roberts ◽  
O. Scotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Source Model ◽  
Aftershock Sequence ◽  
Earthquake Occurrence ◽  
Central Italy Earthquake ◽  
Complex Fault ◽  
Fault Source

<p>We perform aftershock probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (APSHA) of the ongoing aftershock sequence following the Amatrice August 24th, 2016 Central Italy earthquake. APSHA is a time-dependent PSHA calculation where earthquake occurrence rates decrease after the occurrence of a mainshock following an Omori-type decay. In this paper we propose a fault source model based on preliminary evidence of the complex fault geometry associated with the mainshock. We then explore the possibility that the aftershock seismicity is distributed either uniformly or non-uniformly across the fault source. The hazard results are then computed for short-intermediate exposure periods (1-3 months, 1 year). They are compared to the background hazard and intended to be useful for post-earthquake safety evaluation.</p>

scholarly journals Constraining families of dynamic models using geological, geodetic and strong ground motion data: the Mw 6.5, October 30th, 2016, Norcia earthquake, Italy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Tinti ◽  
Emanuele Casarotti ◽  
Thomas Ulrich ◽  
Duo Li ◽  
Taufiqurrahman Taufiqurrahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Kinematic Model ◽  
Seismic Wave Propagation ◽  
Dynamic Rupture ◽  
Friction Coefficients ◽  
Multiple Faults ◽  
Central Italy Earthquake ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Kinematic Models

The 2016 Central Italy earthquake sequence is characterized by remarkable rupture complexity, including highly heterogeneous slip across multiple faults in an extensional tectonic regime. The dense coverage and high quality of geodetic and seismic data allow to image intriguing details of the rupture kinematics of the largest earthquake of the sequence, the Mw 6.5 October 30th, 2016 Norcia earthquake, such as an energetically weak nucleation phase. Several kinematic models suggest multiple fault planes rupturing simultaneously, however, the mechanical viability of such models is not guaranteed.Using 3D dynamic rupture and seismic wave propagation simulations accounting for two fault planes, we constrain 'families' of spontaneous dynamic models informed by a high-resolution kinematic rupture model of the earthquake. These families differ in their parameterization of initial heterogeneous shear stress and strength in the framework of linear slip weakening friction.First, we dynamically validate the kinematically inferred two-fault geometry and rake inferences with models based on only depth-dependent stress and constant friction coefficients. Then, more complex models with spatially heterogeneous dynamic parameters allow us to retrieve slip distributions similar to the target kinematic model and yield good agreement with seismic and geodetic observations. We discuss the consistency of the assumed constant or heterogeneous static and dynamic friction coefficients with mechanical properties of rocks at 3-10 km depth characterizing the Italian Central Apennines and their local geological and lithological implications. We suggest that suites of well-fitting dynamic rupture models belonging to the same family generally exist and can be derived by exploiting the trade-offs between dynamic parameters.Our approach will be applicable to validate the viability of kinematic models and classify spontaneous dynamic rupture scenarios that match seismic and geodetic observations at the same time as geological constraints.

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