Effect of shrouding on the volume distribution pattern and droplet size of two commercial c.d.a. herbicide applicators

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-345
Author(s):  
J. S. Enaburekhan ◽  
R. N. Kaul
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Volume Distribution

scholarly journals Spray volume distribution pattern and droplet size spectrum from ceramic nozzles

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 804-809
Author(s):  
Mateus P. Massola ◽  
Vandoir Holtz ◽  
Marcos P. de O. Martins ◽  
Anderson da S. Umbelino ◽  
Elton F. dos Reis
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Size Spectrum ◽  
Target Coverage ◽  
Volume Distribution ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
Median Diameter ◽  
Spray Volume ◽  
Test Table

ABSTRACT Droplet size spectrum and uniformity of spray volume distribution are important parameters for selecting spray nozzles. The objective of this study was to evaluate the average spray volume distribution and droplet size spectrum from ceramic nozzles. The spray volume distribution pattern was evaluated on a test table for hydraulic spray nozzles using spray heights of 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, and 0.8 m, and working pressures of 500, 600, and 700 kPa. Computer simulations were used to analyze the spray volume distribution using arrangements of bar heights, working pressures, and spacing between spray nozzles in a bar of 12 m. The droplet size spectrum from the spray nozzles was evaluated using a randomized complete experimental design in a 2 × 3 split-plot arrangement consisting of two types of nozzles (ATR-1.0, and TVI-800075) and three working pressures (500, 600, and 700 kPa), with four replications. The uniformity of spray volume distribution was improved when using ATR-1.0 spray nozzles spaced 0.4 or 0.6 m apart, regardless of the working pressure. Regarding the droplet size spectrum, the volume median diameter decreased with increasing the working pressure for both types of nozzles, reaching 210 μm (ATR-1.0) and 483 μm (TVI-800075). Contrastingly, the percentage of droplets with diameter smaller than 100 μm increased with increasing working pressure; the target coverage presented the same trend, with 8.4% of coverage when using ATR nozzles with working pressure of 700 kPa.

Cell Volume Distribution Pattern Analysis: A Means of Uterine Cancer Detection

1970 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith L. Ladinsky ◽  
Harvey W. Gruchow ◽  
Stanley L. Inhorn
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Uterine Cancer ◽  
Volume Distribution

scholarly journals The Influence of Hemoglobin Concentration on the Distribution Pattern of the Volumes of Human Erythrocytes

Blood ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT I. WEED ◽  
ANTHONY J. BOWDLER
Keyword(s):  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Gaussian Distribution ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
Human Erythrocytes ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Volume Distribution ◽  
Normal Human

Abstract 1. Studies of the volume distributions of normal human, canine, and chicken erythrocytes through the use of a Model B Coulter electronic particle counter and plotter of 400 channel analyzer have confirmed that the instrument provides a true reflection of cell volume, independent of the conductivity of the medium, independent of the shape of the erythrocyte, independent of the buffers, and independent of the anticoagulants employed. 2. The non-Gaussian distribution pattern of normal human cells has been confirmed, but no evidence has been found for a distinct bimodal distribution pattern in cells which have been freshly collected, pipetted, and examined. 3. Swelling of human erythrocytes in 0.5 per cent NaCl alters the volume distribution pattern to that of a normal distribution, and the distribution pattern of hemoglobin-free ghosts in 1 per cent NaCl is more nearly symmetric than that of normal intact red cells in 1 per cent NaCl. 4. The Gaussian distribution of erythrocyte volumes in 0.5 per cent NaCl suggests a normal distribution pattern for both the critical volume and ionic content of red cells. 5. The asymmetry of red cell volume distribution at the tonicity of plasma appears related to higher intracellular osmotic activity in the smaller cells, based on the anomalous osmotic coefficient of hemoglobin. It is suggested, therefore, that skewing of the curve is related to asymmetry of the distribution pattern at the lower end of the volume spectrum, rather than the upper end.

Megakaryocytes and Platelets as the Main Cause for Vascular Events in Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorders

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 151-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Schneider ◽  
A. Wehmeier
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Buoyant Density ◽  
Myeloproliferative Disorders ◽  
Term Therapy ◽  
Volume Distribution ◽  
Bleeding Tendency ◽  
Vascular Events ◽  
Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorders ◽  
Clonal Hematopoiesis ◽  
Induced Aggregation

SummaryMegakaryocytes are part of clonal hematopoiesis in chronic myeloproliferative disorders and are responsible for most of the clinical complications in this disease. About 30-40% of patients with polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) suffer from thrombotic complications, and microcirculatory disorders are common. Spontaneous bleeding mainly from the gastrointestinal tract is another complication that is especially prevalent in myelofibrosis and advanced stages of chronic myeloid leukemia.In vivo, the bone marrow is hypercellular and the concentration of megakaryocytes increased with characteristic morphological abnormalities. Megakaryocytes are enlarged and ploidy is increased in PV and ET but small mononuclear cells with decreased ploidy are a feature of CML. Despite spontaneous growth in cul-ture, megakaryocytes in chronic MPD are hypersensitive to added interleukin-3, interleukin-6 and GM-CSF.Platelets released from these megakaryocytes show abnormal morphology and ultrastructure, reflected in loss of storage granules and organelles, increased volume distribution and low buoyant density. Uptake, storage and secretion of platelet dense granule constituents is abnormal, and the plasma levels of platelet specific proteins which may also include growth factors for fibroblasts are elevated. At high platelet counts, spontaneous aggregation is observed, whereas agonist-induced aggregation in vitro with adrenaline, ADP and collagen is often defective. Platelet thromboxane generation may be stimulated, and production along the lipoxygenase pathway is decreased. Abnormalities of glycoprotein receptors and decreased fibrinogen binding have been reported but their clinical significance is uncertain. Several observations suggest that not only receptor defects but ineffective intracellular signalling may be responsible for platelet function abnormalities.No single underlying defect has been discovered that could explain this variety of pathological findings. Moreover, a combination of intrinsic megakaryocyte abnormalities and increased susceptibility of platelets to activation makes it difficult to differentiate secondary phenomena from effects of clonal hematopoiesis. How-ever, there are some clinical guidelines for therapy.Most elderly patients will be treated with cytoreductive therapy. Alkylating drugs and 32P have been shown to be leukemogenic, but even hydroxyurea may have a 10% incidence of leukemia induction after long-term therapy. Therapy with platelet-inhibitory drugs is often not sufficient to control thrombosis, and may aggravate a bleeding tendency, so that younger patients with PV and ET are increasingly treated with anagrelide or interferon alpha (A-IFN). Anagrelide is a quinazolin derivative that specifically inhibits megakaryocytopoiesis, while A-IFN may suppress clonal hematopoiesis by an unknown mechanism.

Pronation Technique in ARDS Patients

ABOUTOPEN ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
Raffaele Di Fenza ◽  
Hedwige Gay ◽  
Martina Favarato ◽  
Isabella Fontana ◽  
Roberto Fumagalli
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Volume Distribution ◽  
Intensive Care Unit Staff ◽  
Safe Technique ◽  
Fraction Of Inspired Oxygen ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Inspired Oxygen

In severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), characterized by the ratio of arterial partial pressure of oxygen over fraction of inspired oxygen (P/F) less than 150 mm Hg, pronation cycles are the only intervention that showed improved survival, in combination with protective ventilation. The physiological advantages of performing pronation cycles, such as the improvement of oxygenation, better tidal volume distribution with increased involvement of dorsal regions, and easier drainage of secretions, overcome the possible complications, that is, endotracheal tube occlusion or misplacement, pressure ulcers, and brachial plexus injury. However, the incidence of complications is dramatically lower in intensive care units with expertise, adopting prone positioning in daily practice. In this video we are proposing step by step an easy and ergonomic technique to perform pronation maneuvers in patients with severe ARDS. Recent literature suggests that a high percentage of these patients are treated without undergoing pronation cycles. The main purpose of this video is to help increase the number of intensive care units worldwide commonly performing pronation cycles in patients that have indications to be pronated, in order to decrease healthcare burden and costs directly caused by ARDS. Proper intensive care unit staff training is fundamental in minimizing the risks associated with the maneuver for both patients and operators; and diffusion of a safe technique encouraging the operators is the second main purpose of this video.

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