Policy change and network termination: The role of farm groups in agricultural policy making in Australia

This paper provides an analytical framework within which to understand the contrasting way farmers' interests are aggregated and articulated in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. The analysis draws on the dominant European literature on state-farmer relations which emphasizes the role of policy networks and explores whether the concepts of pluralism or corporatism best characterize policy making in the two states.

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Rational Remedies: The Role of Opinion Clarity in the Inter-American Human Rights System

International Studies Quarterly ◽

10.1093/isq/sqz031 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 63 (3) ◽

pp. 477-491 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jeffrey K Staton ◽

Alexia Romero

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Policy Change ◽

Policy Making ◽

Policy Changes ◽

International Courts ◽

International Obligations ◽

Maximal Pressure ◽

To Come ◽

Public Monitoring

Abstract International courts have far-from-perfect records of compliance. States routinely delay the implementation of policy changes necessary to come into line with international obligations. Some judicial orders are simply ignored in their entirety. Yet judicial orders aimed at potentially recalcitrant states often vaguely express what is required and thus create conditions for delay and defiance. This article leverages a detailed public monitoring system for decisions of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights to evaluate a model of judicial opinion writing that connects the informational challenges associated with effectuating significant policy change to the language that judges adopt in their orders and, ultimately, to the reactions of states. Our results suggest that uncertainty about how precisely to bring about a policy change influences compliance by reducing the clarity of judicial orders. Flexibility in language permits judges to tradeoff maximal pressure for compliance for the ability to leverage local knowledge about how to bring a state in line with its international obligations. From this perspective, noncompliant outcomes are not necessarily a clear signal of weak judicial institutions, but, instead, they are a natural piece of the process by which judges manage difficult policy-making tasks.

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Supranational entrepreneurs: the High Representative and the EU global strategy

International Affairs ◽

10.1093/ia/iiab037 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Monika Sus

Keyword(s):

Policy Change ◽

Policy Making ◽

Security Policy ◽

Single Case ◽

Research Direction ◽

Global Strategy ◽

Window Of Opportunity ◽

Entrepreneurial Strategies ◽

The Eu

Abstract By applying the Multiple Streams Approach (MSA) developed by Kingdon and adapted to EU policy-making, this article explores a new analytical lens that provides a more substantiated insight into the role of the High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy (HR) in the policy-making process. According to the MSA, policy change happens when policy entrepreneurs successfully explore a window of opportunity that opens in the problems or policies stream. Applying a single case-study approach, this article argues that it was the entrepreneurship of HR Federica Mogherini that coupled problems, politics and policies streams which presented themselves between 2014 and 2015, made use of the window of opportunity, and pushed for policy change in EU's foreign and security policy. By finding observable evidence for the HR's deployment of entrepreneurial strategies during the drafting and implementation of the European Union's Global Strategy, this contribution unpacks Mogherini's footprint in the recent progress. The conceptualization of the HR office-holder as a policy entrepreneurlets us systematically investigate their agency and impact on the policy change within the existing formal constraints, and thus it paves a way towards a more fruitful research direction regarding the HR's role than the concept of the constrained agent that is dominant in the literature. More broadly, since the office-holder can be perceived as a supranational agent that is dependent upon an intergovernmental system for its mandate, by examining its entrepreneurial strategies this article offers insights on the role of supranational agents beyond the EU context, i.e. within UN and NATO.

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The Role of the Opposition

10.1093/oso/9780198753827.003.0004 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Meg Russell ◽

Daniel Gover

Keyword(s):

Policy Change ◽

Policy Making ◽

Policy Impact ◽

House Of Lords ◽

Legislative Amendments ◽

The Government ◽

Government Concessions ◽

Opposition Parties

This chapter analyses the opposition’s contribution to scrutiny of government bills and policy-making at Westminster. Westminster is classically seen as dominated by an adversarial ‘opposition mode’, giving opposition politicians little policy impact. This chapter argues that there are actually several distinct ‘opposition modes’, which can be more consensual. It summarizes existing literature on opposition, and sets out the basics of how opposition parties are organized in both chambers. The bulk of Westminster legislative amendments are proposed by opposition parliamentarians, and the motivations behind these are explored. Many amendments are actually driven by objectives other than policy change—including seeking government explanations, and embarrassing the government. Hence it is important not to overstate ‘failure’ of such amendments. In addition, many opposition amendments go on to trigger government concessions, particularly via the House of Lords. In various ways, the opposition at Westminster is hence more influential on policy than is often assumed.

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Policy Making Is Decision Making: A Response to Hattam

Studies in American Political Development ◽

10.1017/s0898588x04000057 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 70-80

Author(s):

John D. Skrentny

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Policy Change ◽

Policy Development ◽

Policy Making ◽

Policy Decision ◽

The Political ◽

Grass Roots ◽

History Of ◽

Policy Decision Making

How should we explain politics and policymaking in one of the most tumultuous and active periods in the history of the American state? Victoria Hattam and I approach the same topic from different starting points and with different goals. While she argues for attention to grass roots mobilization, I look to the policymaking process. I believe the study of policy change should begin at the center of power, where policy decision-making takes place, and should assume nothing about the relevance or role of the political grass roots. Policymakers themselves are always part of the story of policymaking. Grass roots groups are sometimes key actors, yet their impact on policymaking must be demonstrated, not assumed. Assessing this impact and understanding policy development also requires examining cases of failure along with cases of success, and I believe Hattam's neglect of the comparative framework in my book leads her analysis astray.

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State policy-making for children and the role of the psychologist

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e578662009-017 ◽

1979 ◽

Author(s):

Joan S. Bissell

Keyword(s):

State Policy ◽

Policy Making

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An Interview with Dr. Sheung-Tak Cheng: The Role of a Psychologist in Policy-Making for Older Persons

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e706972007-010 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Julie M. Koch

Keyword(s):

Policy Making ◽

Older Persons

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POLICY CHANGE – THE ROLE OF IDEAS AND POLICY ENTREPRENEURS

Jurnal Politik Pemerintahan Dharma Praja ◽

10.33701/jppdp.v11i2.398 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 63-72

Author(s):

Arwanto Arwanto ◽

Wike Anggraini

Keyword(s):

Policy Change ◽

Significant Role ◽

Policy Process ◽

Policy Entrepreneurs ◽

Multiple Streams ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Problem Framing ◽

Exogenous Factors ◽

The Relationship

ABSTRACT Understanding policy process involves many distinctive approaches. The most common are institutional, groups or networks, exogenous factors, rational actors, and idea-based approach. This paper discussed the idea-based approach to explain policy process, in this case policy change. It aims to analyse how ideas could assist people to understand policy change. What role do they play and why are they considered as fundamental element? It considers that ideas are belong to every policy actor, whether it is individual or institution. In order to answer these questions, this paper adopts Kingdon’s multi streams approach to analyse academic literatures. Through this approach, the relationship between ideas and policy change can be seen clearer. Ideas only can affect in policy change if it is agreed and accepted by policy makers. Therefore the receptivity of ideas plays significant role and it emerges policy entrepreneurs. They promote ideas (through problem framing, timing, and narrative construction) and manipulate in order to ensure the receptivity of ideas. Although policy entrepreneurs play significant role, political aspects remains the most important element in the policy process. Keywords: policy change, ideas, idea-based approach, Kingdon’s multiple streams, policy entrepreneurs.

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