Special Time: Working with Street Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 520-520
Author(s):  
Monica Cardenal
Keyword(s):  
Street Children ◽  
Special Time

Who Are the Street Children?

1990 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 706-708
Author(s):  
John Poertner
Keyword(s):  
Street Children

Middle-Class Victorian Street Arabs: Modern Re-creations of the Baker Street Irregulars

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Cheetham
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Children's Literature ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Street Children ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sherlock Holmes ◽  
Upward Shift

In three of Sir Arthur Conan-Doyle's Sherlock Holmes stories there are brief appearances of the Baker Street Irregulars, a group of ‘street Arabs’ who help Holmes with his investigations. These children have been re-imagined in modern children's literature in at least twenty-seven texts in a variety of media and with writers from both Britain and the United States. All these modern stories show a marked upward shift in the class of the Irregulars away from the lower working class of Conan-Doyle's originals. The shift occurs through attributing middle-class origins to the leaders of the Irregulars, through raising the class of the Irregulars in general, and through giving the children life environments more comfortable, safe, and financially secure than would have been possible for late-Victorian street children. Because of the variety in texts and writers, it is argued that this shift is not a result of the conscious political or ideological positions of individual writers, but rather reflects common unconscious narrative choices. The class-shift is examined in relation to the various pressures of conventions in children's literature, concepts of audience, and common concepts of class in society.

The emotional labor of former street children working as tour guides in Delhi

Focaal ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Tore Holst
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Labor ◽  
Street Children ◽  
Ethical Position ◽  
Tour Guides ◽  
Personal Stories

In Delhi, former street children guide tourists around the streets they once inhabited and show how the NGOs they live with try to resocialize current street children. The “personal stories” they perform implicitly advocate simple solutions that conveniently fit the limited engagement of the tourists, whose ethical position is thereby validated in relation to the NGO. But this uncomplicated exchange of guides’ emotions for tourists’ capital is in the guides’ interest, because it allows them to set boundaries for the emotional labor of performing their past suffering. The guides are thus incentivized to work within a post-humanitarian logic, selling their stories as commodities, which then incentivize the tourists to act as consumers, who have little choice but to frame their declarations of solidarity with the children as acts of consumption.

Poverty, Risk, and Resilience

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia H. Koller ◽  
Juliana Prates Santana ◽  
Marcela Raffaelli
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Street Children ◽  
Risk And Resilience ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Street Life ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Poverty Risk

This chapter aims to present a selective review that can be used to identify some contradictions about street life; once recognized, this knowledge may be used to inform interventions and social policy initiatives. We begin by defining street children and adolescents; examining evidence of vulnerability and resilience in research on the daily lives of street-involved youth; discussing methodological and ethical challenges to advancing understanding of this population; and examining how research with street-involved youth can be used to advance local and global practice and policy. Our aim is to present literature from around the globe, but our discussion is informed by—and draws on—our long-standing program of research and practice in Brazil.

Integral barrier Lyapunov functions-based integrated guidance and control design for strap-down missile with field-of-view constraint

2021 ◽  
pp. 014233122098132
Author(s):  
Bin Zhao ◽  
Zhenxin Feng ◽  
Jianguo Guo
Keyword(s):  
Sliding Mode ◽  
State Equation ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Feedback Form ◽  
Theoretical Derivation ◽  
Guidance And Control ◽  
Integrated Guidance And Control ◽  
Twisting Algorithm ◽  
And Control ◽  
Special Time

The problem of the integrated guidance and control (IGC) design for strap-down missile with the field-of-view (FOV) constraint is solved by using the integral barrier Lyapunov function (iBLF) and the sliding mode control theory. Firstly, the nonlinear and uncertainty state equation with non-strict feedback form for IGC design is derived by using the strap-down decoupling strategy. Secondly, a novel adaptive finite time disturbance observer is proposed to estimate the uncertainties based on an improved adaptive gain super twisting algorithm. Thirdly, the special time-varying sliding variable is designed and the iBLF is employed to handle the problem of FOV constraint. Theoretical derivation and simulation show that the IGC system is globally uniformly ultimately bounded and the FOV angle constraint is also guaranteed not only during the reaching phase but also during the sliding mode phase.

scholarly journals Effects of Tourniquet Application on Faster Recovery after Surgery and Ischemia-Reperfusion Post–Total Knee Arthroplasty, Cementation through Closure versus Full-Course and Nontourniquet Group

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinggang Cao ◽  
Qiong Wu ◽  
Yun Liu ◽  
Zhiwei He ◽  
Yu Cong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Thigh Circumference ◽  
Lower Pain ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
Special Time ◽  
Time Point

AbstractPneumatic tourniquets are used in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for surgical field visualization and improved cementation; however, their use is controversial. This study aimed to assess the effects of tourniquet application on faster recovery post-TKA. Our hypothesis was that inflammation and limb function would be similar with different tourniquet applications. A prospective randomized double-blinded trial assessed tourniquets effects on postoperative pain, swelling, and early outcome in TKA. In present study, 50 TKAs were enrolled in each group as follows: full course (FC), cementation through closure (CTC), and no tourniquet (NT), CTC as treatment group while FC and NT as control groups. Topical blood samples of 3 mL from the joint cavity and drainage bags were obtained at special time point. At last, all samples such as tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), pentraxin 3 (PTX3), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), and myoglobin (Mb) were detected by ELISA. Active and passive range of motion (ROM) values, pain score by the visual analog scale (VAS), change of thigh circumference were recorded at special time point as well. In topical blood, the change of inflammatory factors, such as TNF-a, PTX3, CCL2, PGE2, SOD1, and Mb, was lower in CTC and NT groups than in FC group (p < 0.01 and 0.05). Although VAS and ROM were comparable preoperatively in three groups (p > 0.05), the perimeter growth rate was lower, pain scores (VAS) were reduced, and ROM values were improved in CTC and NT groups compared with FC group at T4, T5, and T6 postoperatively (p < 0.01 and 0.05). Improved therapeutic outcome was observed in the CTC group, indicating patients should routinely undergo TKA with cementation through closure tourniquet application.

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