When discussions sputter or take flight: Comparing productive disciplinary engagement in two history classes

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-429
Author(s):  
Eric B. Freedman
2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Refik Turan

In this study carried out to put forward the general characteristics of the history education system implemented in Turkmenistan during the USSR period and the changes made in the history education system after Turkmenistan had declared its independence, the screening model and document review methods were benefited from. As result of the studies carried out on the curriculums and textbooks, it was understood that, as in other republics during the USSR period, there were two kinds of history classes in Turkmenistan being the General History and the History of USRR, and intense political-ideological guidance and various forms of the misuse of history were present in the curriculums and textbooks used during this period. In this period when topics related to the Turkmen history were only present in the scope of the USSR History and were so limited, many historical facts, primarily the Russian occupation of Turkmenistan, were distorted. After Turkmenistan had declared its independence on 27 October 1991, it implemented policies with the aim to get rid of the cultural and ideological influence of the USSR and build the national identity of the Turkmen nation. In this period, the History of Turkmenistan course began to be taught instead of the History of the USSR, and the course of the General History taught in the period of the USSR was taught by reorganising its content and weekly class hours. In this period when the ideological approach present in the history education in the USSR period was given up, the national history education was prioritised and it was attempted to pay regard to nationality-universality, knowledge-skill and value balances in the history education. Despite all these changes, it can be said that the understanding of the homeland history in the new period which took the geographical borders of the USSR period as a basis, historical periodization and the weight of the cult of personality continued to a certain extent in textbooks.   ÖzetTürkmenistan’da SSCB döneminde uygulanan tarih öğretim sisteminin genel özellikleri ile Türkmenistan’ın bağımsızlığını ilan etmesinden sonra tarih öğretim sisteminde gerçekleştirilen değişiklikleri ortaya koymak amacıyla gerçekleştirilen bu araştırmada  tarama modeli ve doküman incelemesi yöntemlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Öğretim programları ve ders kitapları üzerinde yapılan çalışmalar sonucu SSCB döneminde diğer cumhuriyetlerde olduğu gibi Türkmenistan’da da Umumi Tarih ve SSCB Tarihi isimleriyle iki çeşit tarih dersi okutulduğu, bu dönemde kullanılan öğretim programı ve ders kitaplarında yoğun siyasi-ideolojik yönlendirmelerin ve çeşitli tarihin kötüye kullanım biçimlerinin mevcut olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Türkmen tarihiyle ilgili konulara ancak SSCB Tarihi dersi kapsamında ve çok sınırlı olarak yer verilen bu dönemde başta Rusya’nın Türkmenistan’ı işgali konusu olmak üzere birçok tarihsel gerçeklik çarpıtılmıştır. Türkmenistan’ın 27 Ekim 1991 tarihinde bağımsızlığını ilan etmesinden sonra SSCB’nin kültürel ve ideolojik etkisinden kurtulmaya ve Türkmen ulusal kimliği inşa etmeye yönelik politikalar uygulamıştır. Bu dönemde SSCB Tarihi dersi kaldırılarak yerine Türkmenistan Tarihi dersi okutulmaya başlanmış, SSCB döneminde okutulan Umumi Tarih dersinin de içerikleri ve haftalık ders saati miktarları yeniden düzenlenerek okutulmuştur. SSCB döneminin tarih öğretimine olan ideolojik yaklaşımından vazgeçilen bu dönemde ulusal tarihin öğretimi ön plana alınmış ve tarih öğretiminde ulusallık-evrensellik, bilgi-beceri ve değer dengeleri gözetilmeye çalışılmıştır. Tüm bu değişikliklere rağmen yeni dönemde SSCB döneminin coğrafi sınırları temel alan vatan tarihi anlayışı, tarihsel dönemselleştirme ve ders kitaplarındaki kişi kültü ağırlığının belli ölçülerde devam ettiği söylenebilir.  


2012 ◽  
Vol 430-432 ◽  
pp. 834-837
Author(s):  
Xiao Qiang Guo ◽  
Zheng Jun He

First we introduce the history of group theory. Group theory has three main historical sources: number theory, the theory of algebraic equations, and geometry. Secondly, we give the main classes of groups: permutation groups, matrix groups, transformation groups, abstract groups and topological and algebraic groups. Finally, we give two different presentations of a group: combinatorial group theory and geometric group theory.


Pythagoras ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Brodie ◽  
Deepa Gopal ◽  
Julian Moodliar ◽  
Takalani Siala

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic supported an investigation of ongoing challenges as to whether and how to make mathematics relevant to learners’ lifeworlds. Given that COVID-19 created major disruptions in all learners’ lives, we developed and taught tasks that attempted to make links between their experiences of the pandemic and disciplinary mathematical knowledge. We located our investigation in current debates about the extent to which disciplinary knowledge can be linked to learners’ out-of-school experiences. We developed and analysed two tasks about COVID-19 that could support link-making and productive disciplinary engagement, and analysed one Grade 10 teacher teaching these tasks. We found that linking mathematics to learners’ lifeworlds is both possible and extremely difficult in relation to task design and how the teacher mediates the tasks. In relation to task design, we argue that teachers cannot do it alone; they need to be supported by the curriculum and textbooks. In relation to mediation, we saw that teacher practices are difficult to shift, even in the best of circumstances. We articulate the complexities and nuances involved in bridging powerful knowledge and lived experience and thus contribute to debates on how to teach powerful knowledge in relation to learners’ lifeworlds.


Author(s):  
Ivo Dostál ◽  
Petr Anděl ◽  
Marek Havlíček ◽  
František Petrovič

The steadily increasing landscape fragmentation and the reduction of permeability for wildlife are among the most negative impacts of human activity on the environment. In terms of education, theseproblems appear to be rather demanding, withthe difficulty corresponding tosecondary school standards. Considering the multiple interdisciplinary connections, the entire process cannot be sufficiently understood without a relevant amount of preliminary knowledge. Such a corpus of information is acquired especially through biology/ecology, geographyand history classes, but links to other subjects can be found too. The paper presents didactic methods facilitating the actual presentation of the theme to pupils/students; in this context, the authors discuss the possibilities of integrating the given problems into applicable schoolsubjects andoutline the risks arising from the proposed modification and/ or expansion of the teaching procedures. Also the links to data and supporting methodological materials are included that will allow the teacher to obtain enough information on the topicsto comprehend all the aspects and complexities of the innovated classes. In the corresponding sections, the papercharacterizes individual topics to be combined with selected teaching methods, especially as regards worksheets, project-oriented education, anda case study relating to afield trip targeting one of the areas of high importance for wildlife migration in the Czech Republic.


Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (21) ◽  
pp. 1360
Author(s):  
Fátima Velez de Castro

The use of film within the context of the classroom may generate great interest from teachers and students. From the point of view of Geography and History classes, it can provide indications to analyse and understand spaces, times and societies reflected in the images. It can be used as an object to be explored in teaching-learning context, in several teaching levels. In this text it is intended to reflect, from a theoretical point of view, on the relation between movie and history, considering the film as an analysis object and investigation instrument, as well as builder of historic environments and landscapes.


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