THE MANAGEMENT OF AGITATION AND PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN IZMAIL REGION UkrSSR IN 1944–1945

The work aims to study the formation of a system of ideological influence on the Izmail region’s population in 1944–1945. Based on archival sources and materials of the regional press, the tasks of agitation and propaganda activities, the general forms and methods used by the Communist Party to spread ideology among the population of the annexed region were revealed. The author paid particular attention to determining the role of the regional party leadership in managing and conducting agitation and propaganda. The methodology. The study is based on the principles of historicism, scientificity, objectivity, systematics, specificity, and reliance on historical sources. With the aid of the historical-typological method, it was possible to determine the main tasks, forms, and methods of agitation and propaganda. The historical-comparative method opens the way to reveal the peculiarities of ideological work with various categories of the citizens and to determine the specific features of the Communist Party’s agitation and propaganda activities in the Izmail region. The application of historical-systemic and historical-genetic methods contributed to the consideration of various measures to ideologize the population in co-relation, to identify the causal links between the methods and results of propaganda policy. The scientific novelty. For the first time, a comprehensive analysis of agitation and propaganda activities in the Izmail region after the territory was returned to the USSR has been carried out. The conclusions. The analysis of the party documentation of the Izmail regional committee of the Communist Party gives reason to assume that immediately after the region returned to the USSR, the Soviet leadership launched active information and propaganda activities among the population. During 1944–1945, a network of agitation teams, groups of lecturers and speakers was formed to spread communist ideology among various segments of the population, a system of party propaganda bodies was created, events to celebrate new Soviet holidays were organized, and radio broadcasting and adaptation for the cinema were organized. The media, cultural and educational institutions, Komsomol organizations, and pioneers played a significant role in propaganda activities. Propaganda and agitation departments established at the region, city, and district committees of the Communist Party were constantly monitoring the ideological activity progress.

YEMEN'S POST-ARAB SPRING CONFLICT AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH THE ECONOMY, POLITICS, AND SAUDI ARABIA'S INFLUENCE IN THE MIDDLE EAST

<p align="center">The ongoing war between the Saudi Arabian coalition and the Houthis has had a significant impact. The participation of Saudi Arabia and its coalition in the middle of the Yemen conflict has a pretext to save the democratically elected official government; however, some argue that Saudi Arabia's participation is more of a sectarian issue. The conflict that is still raging in Yemen at this time is considered very interesting to conduct research, in order to find the true background of the participation of Saudi Arabia and its coalition. Is it true that Saudi Arabia's participation was motivated by a desire to save the official government deposed by the Houthis, or is there another motive at work that is in the best interests of Saudi Arabia and its coalition, such as economic, political, or ideological influence?. In this article the researcher uses a qualitative descriptive methodology, qualitative descriptive research in this study will be carried out with several stages including raising a problem, raising research questions, collecting relevant data, analyzing data, and answering research questions. In the investigation, it was found that Saudi Arabia's participation in the Yemeni conflict was inseparable from political, influence and economic interests. Because of the reality that occurred from Saudi Arabia's contradictory attitude toward the Syrian conflict.</p>

Aviation in the development and defense of the Arctic during the 1920s: military plans, science, propaganda, and fiction

This article examines the competition for the Arctic territories between the polar regions that unfolded in the 1920s, which required active development of these lands involving airplanes and airships. At that point, of primary import was the layout of trans-Arctic airways and deployment of flight support facilities in the Arctic territories, with the accompanying use of aviation for ice reconnaissance and rescue expeditions. Special attention is given to the study of the Soviet and international experience in elaboration and implementation of programs on the military and economic development of northern territories. The topic of consistent development of the Arctic involving aviation and aerostatics is reflected not only in scientific and economic programs, but also in state propaganda, publicistic writing and literary works. The novelty of this research consists in the comprehensive approach towards the problems of involving aviation in the Soviet Union during the 1920s for the development of the Arctic, and simultaneously, building the military capacity of the state, and collective perception of the ideas of the development of Arctic territories and aviation. The conclusion is made that the processes of development of polar aviation and division of Arctic territories were the so-called catalyst for each other, which by the early 1930s allowed the Soviet Union to consolidate its position of in the Arctic. The authors&rsquo; special contribution lies in examination of various genres of the press as a particular group of sources that had an ideological influence upon public consciousness.

ISSUES OF ATTRACTING WOMEN IN THE SPHERE OF EDUCATION IN THE SOVIET PERIOD

This article examines the participation of women in education during the Soviet era. Soviet politics under communist ideology analyzed women's participation in schools, teacher training, and its goals and objectives. It also examines the efforts of the Soviet government to further strengthen its political and economic status, increase ideological influence in all spheres of public life with the event of a "cultural revolution". In particular, it was revealed that this process has taken a seriousturn in education, science and culture, which is an important factor in changing people's consciousness. It was shown that the purpose of involving women in spiritual changes taking place in society is, first of all, to use them as cheap labor force, as supporters of their power and with their help to strengthen their power.

Deviations of the Politics of Memory in Eastern Europe and in the Post-Soviet Space

The narratives of the Second World War, which may undoubtedly be referred to as “complex issues of history”, have not been entirely reflected upon yet and therefore are full of phobias and myths. While analysing the set of tools of the politics of memory, the author of this article points outs the following: the politicization of history (following political conjuncture), the manipulation of facts, the glorification of history and its actors, demonisation, i. e., the construction of the image of an internal and external enemy, the ideological censoring of controversial assessments, and the actualisation of sociopolitical nostalgia. The use of this arsenal of ideological influence on mass consciousness can be seen in high-profile sociopolitical incidents of recent times. The difference in historical assessments is a reality that is pointless to obscure. Overcoming historical traumas, i. e., the “combination of history and memory”, is an indispensable condition for normalising and objectifying reflection on the past. The subject of the author’s attention is foreign policy invectives that have become hotbeds of diplomatic tension (more particularly, the Declaration of the European Parliament on the Outbreak of World War II adopted in 2019), the activities of governmental organisations “responsible” for the politics of memory (the Ukrainian Institute of National Memory), expositions of museums in Eastern Europe (the Museum of the Second World War in Gdansk, the Museum of the Occupation in Riga), school history textbooks, the fate of the monuments dedicated to the Second World War (in particular, the Bronze Soldier in Tallinn), public historical and political actions that “overturn” historical reality (for example, Legionnaire Day marches in Riga), and the censorship of publications with an alternative view of the traumatic events of the war.

Mining ideological discourse on Twitter: The case of extremism in Arabic

Extremism has been a problematic term to define and suggests different and opposing meanings. This study explores how Twitter users conceptualize extremism in Arabic and express their opinions/arguments to construct the term. A corpus of tweets was collected from Twitter API using the word ‘تطرف أو متطرف’ in Arabic for extremist/extremism. A topic modeling algorithm was then applied to the dataset to uncover latent associated concepts underlying extremism, followed by a critical discourse analysis using Van Dijk’s Sociocognitive approach. The discursive and linguistic strategies used by Twitter users to support and justify their views of extremism were examined. The findings demonstrate an ideological influence that controls the concept of extremism, keeping it open to manipulation to serve shared interests and goals. Arab users of Twitter use extremism to promote their groups’ positive schema against others-negative schema.

English Personal Pronouns as a Manipulation Strategy in Political Discourse: A Critical Discourse Analysis

Manipulation is a discursive concept which plays a key role in political discourse by which politicians can impose some impact on their recipients through using linguistic features, most prominent of which are personal pronouns (Van Dijk, 1995). The aim of this study is to investigate how politicians utilize the personal pronouns, namely; We and I and their possessive forms as a tool of manipulating the audience's mind based on Van Dijk's "ideological square" which shows positive-self representation and negative-other representation (Van Dijk,1998:p.69). To this end, American President Donald Trump's 2020 State of the Union speech was chosen to be the data of analysis. Only (8) examples out of (226) extracts of his speech involving the use the personal pronouns along with their indications were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Results reveal that Trump uses these pronouns to exercise an ideological influence on his audience, basically to present himself positively. The study concludes that Trump strategically uses personal pronouns as a functional indication of collectivity, nationalism, and direct/shared responsibility. Findings might help linguists and political analysts to understand how politicians have the ability to exploit the linguistic characteristics in their language to fulfill their ends manipulatively.

Аксіологічні аспекти функціонування професійної освіти на території Укранської Соціалістичної Радянської Республіки в 20-роках ХХ століття

The development of the modern system of vocational education in Ukraine requires a thorough and comprehensive analysis and rethinking, including the axiological point of view, of the existing historical and pedagogical experience of vocational education in Ukraine in different socio-political conditions and ideological approaches. This article aims to consider one aspect of this issue, in which the axiological aspects of the functioning of vocational education in the Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic (USSR) in the 1920s are revealed.The article analyzes the influence of socially dominant values on the formation and development of the vocational education system of the USSR in the 20s of the twentieth century. It is described how changes in socially dominant values are reflected in the existing educational system and how they cause changes and transformation of it.The analysis of the functioning of vocational education in the USSR in the 1920s showed that this period is characterized by significant axiological and structural transformations of the vocational education system.It is established that in the 1920s, the vocational education system of the Ukrainian SSR clearly showed the depletion of the liberal system of values, which was largely replaced by the Bolsheviks’ values and ideals. There is a frank ideologization of education and its applicants. One of the main tasks of vocational education of that time was the Bolshevik-socialist education of the youth.It is concluded that the ideological influence of the political system on the values of contemporary vocational education and the resulting transformation processes had a significantly negative impact on it, especially in the system of higher vocational education. However, even such ideological and largely profane, professional education was considered a significant value by the representatives of the peasantry and the proletariat at that time since it provided them with the opportunity for rapid career growth.

The Impact Of Interethnic Harmony On The Stability Of Society

The article examines modern socio-political relations, the rapid development of communication and information technologies, the expansion of ideological influence, impulses to improve methods and means of communication, as well as criminal threats to society. The study notes that the minds and hearts of people in different parts of the world turn into a training ground for testing various ideas, in other words, an ideological training ground for training. It is also clear that the activities of fanatical political Islamists and religious extremist movements that try to disguise religion and undermine religious values are one of the factors that threaten the spirituality of our children. Despite its growing role in the global geopolitical arena in Central Asia, it is important to protect our country, which is a key player in the region in terms of population and territory, from stereotypes of religious fanaticism, to create conditions for citizens so that they can practice their beliefs, tolerance and views on interethnic harmony, further strengthening the centuries-old traditions and customs of our people.