scholarly journals History education in Turkmenistan from Soviet Turkmenistan to the independent republicSovyet Türkmenistanı’ndan bağımsız devlete Türkmenistan’da tarih öğretimi

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Refik Turan
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
History Education ◽  
New Period ◽  
Ideological Influence ◽  
Cult Of Personality ◽  
History Of ◽  
The New Period ◽  
Document Review ◽  
History Classes ◽  
Made In

In this study carried out to put forward the general characteristics of the history education system implemented in Turkmenistan during the USSR period and the changes made in the history education system after Turkmenistan had declared its independence, the screening model and document review methods were benefited from. As result of the studies carried out on the curriculums and textbooks, it was understood that, as in other republics during the USSR period, there were two kinds of history classes in Turkmenistan being the General History and the History of USRR, and intense political-ideological guidance and various forms of the misuse of history were present in the curriculums and textbooks used during this period. In this period when topics related to the Turkmen history were only present in the scope of the USSR History and were so limited, many historical facts, primarily the Russian occupation of Turkmenistan, were distorted. After Turkmenistan had declared its independence on 27 October 1991, it implemented policies with the aim to get rid of the cultural and ideological influence of the USSR and build the national identity of the Turkmen nation. In this period, the History of Turkmenistan course began to be taught instead of the History of the USSR, and the course of the General History taught in the period of the USSR was taught by reorganising its content and weekly class hours. In this period when the ideological approach present in the history education in the USSR period was given up, the national history education was prioritised and it was attempted to pay regard to nationality-universality, knowledge-skill and value balances in the history education. Despite all these changes, it can be said that the understanding of the homeland history in the new period which took the geographical borders of the USSR period as a basis, historical periodization and the weight of the cult of personality continued to a certain extent in textbooks.   ÖzetTürkmenistan’da SSCB döneminde uygulanan tarih öğretim sisteminin genel özellikleri ile Türkmenistan’ın bağımsızlığını ilan etmesinden sonra tarih öğretim sisteminde gerçekleştirilen değişiklikleri ortaya koymak amacıyla gerçekleştirilen bu araştırmada  tarama modeli ve doküman incelemesi yöntemlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Öğretim programları ve ders kitapları üzerinde yapılan çalışmalar sonucu SSCB döneminde diğer cumhuriyetlerde olduğu gibi Türkmenistan’da da Umumi Tarih ve SSCB Tarihi isimleriyle iki çeşit tarih dersi okutulduğu, bu dönemde kullanılan öğretim programı ve ders kitaplarında yoğun siyasi-ideolojik yönlendirmelerin ve çeşitli tarihin kötüye kullanım biçimlerinin mevcut olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Türkmen tarihiyle ilgili konulara ancak SSCB Tarihi dersi kapsamında ve çok sınırlı olarak yer verilen bu dönemde başta Rusya’nın Türkmenistan’ı işgali konusu olmak üzere birçok tarihsel gerçeklik çarpıtılmıştır. Türkmenistan’ın 27 Ekim 1991 tarihinde bağımsızlığını ilan etmesinden sonra SSCB’nin kültürel ve ideolojik etkisinden kurtulmaya ve Türkmen ulusal kimliği inşa etmeye yönelik politikalar uygulamıştır. Bu dönemde SSCB Tarihi dersi kaldırılarak yerine Türkmenistan Tarihi dersi okutulmaya başlanmış, SSCB döneminde okutulan Umumi Tarih dersinin de içerikleri ve haftalık ders saati miktarları yeniden düzenlenerek okutulmuştur. SSCB döneminin tarih öğretimine olan ideolojik yaklaşımından vazgeçilen bu dönemde ulusal tarihin öğretimi ön plana alınmış ve tarih öğretiminde ulusallık-evrensellik, bilgi-beceri ve değer dengeleri gözetilmeye çalışılmıştır. Tüm bu değişikliklere rağmen yeni dönemde SSCB döneminin coğrafi sınırları temel alan vatan tarihi anlayışı, tarihsel dönemselleştirme ve ders kitaplarındaki kişi kültü ağırlığının belli ölçülerde devam ettiği söylenebilir.  

Recruitment and Reform in the East India Company Army, 1760-1800

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur N. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
East India Company ◽  
China Trade ◽  
Military Involvement ◽  
New Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rising China ◽  
The Government ◽  
The New Period

During the second half of the eighteenth century, the role of the East India Company was significantly altered. In the early part of the century, the main thrust of Company activity was commercial, but this began to change as the French challenged British interests in India and conditions on the sub-continent demanded political and military involvement. Lucy Sutherland has summed up these changes succinctly:The new period was to see a network of English control spread over the neighboring Indian territories and an expansion of territorial power which the whole history of the Company in India made inevitable but which, thanks to the clash with the French and the spectacular exploits of Clive and his colleagues, came more suddenly than anyone could have expected. The Company had long had experience of the problems of government as well as those of administration of commerce; but now (except in the rising China trade) it was those of the government which began to prevail.

scholarly journals Research on the Characteristics and Improvement of Party Building in Higher Education Institutions in the New Period

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
Teaching Management ◽  
New Era ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Party Building ◽  
New Period ◽  
The New Period ◽  
The Times

With the in-depth reform of the higher education system, the teaching management of universities must keep pace with the times and carry out innovative reforms. Party-building is a very systematic and powerful part of the teaching management of colleges and universities. In the new era, there are still many problems in the party building of colleges and universities that need to be resolved. This article focuses on the characteristics of party building in colleges and universities and related issues for improvement.

scholarly journals ABOUT RENAMING THE INSTITUTE FOR THE HISTORY OF MATERIAL CULTURE INTO THE INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE USSR ACADEMY OF SCIENCE S IN 1959

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.А. Кудрявцев
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Ussr Academy ◽  
Original Meaning ◽  
New Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
The New Period ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Название первого академического археологического учреждения Российской академии истории материальной культуры, возникшего в 1919 г., соответствовало духу новой эпохи и официальной повестке государства. Но использование термина история материальной культуры в качестве замены археологии фактически теряет свой первоначальный смысл уже во второй половине 1930х гг. При этом процесс переименования Института истории материальной культуры в Институт археологии АН СССР начался только после развенчания учения Н. Я. Марра. Окончательная смена названия произошла 4 сентября 1959 г. по постановлению Президиума АН СССР. The name of the first academic archaeological institution the Russian Academy for the History of Material Culture that was established in 1919 was in line with the spirit of the new period and official government agenda. However, the use of the term history of material culture instead of archaeology in reality lost its original meaning as early as the second half of the 1930s. At the same time the process of renaming the Institute for the History of Material Culture into the Institute of Archaeology of the USSR Academy of Sciences did not begin until the denouncement of N. Ya. Marrs Japhetic theory. The final change of the name occurred on September 4, 1959, by the resolution released by the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

The Fifteenth Year of the Permanent Court of International Justice.

1937 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Manley O. Hudson
Keyword(s):  
International Justice ◽  
New Period ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Made In

The fifteenth year of the Permanent Court of International Justice has been notable for several reasons. Because of the entry into force on February 1, 1936, of the amendments to the Statute annexed to the Protocol of September 14, 1929, it marks the beginning of a new period in the history of the Court. A consequence of the amendments was the adoption of new Rules of Court on March 11, 1936, and some modifications were made in the Court's practice. The year also saw several changes in the Court's personnel; one judge died, one resigned, and three new judges were elected. Moreover, the action of various governments during the year with reference to the Court protocols is to be noted as significant for the future of the Court.

scholarly journals PHILOSOPHICAL AND LOGICAL ANALYSIS OF SOPHISTIC THINKING IN THE WORK “SHARH AL-AQEED ANNASAFI” BY THE GREAT THINKER SADEDDIN TAFTAZANI

2020 ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
Mirzaqu Norqobilov
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Philosophical Study ◽  
Islamic Philosophy ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
The New Period

This article analyzes the socio-philosophical and logical aspects of sophistic thinking in the work of the thinker Saduddin Taftazani “Sharh al-Aka’id”, who defned knowledge as the essence of human life. Sophistic interpretations of various sociological considerations that have arisen in the context of the history of Islamic philosophy are described from a scientifc point of view. All the information presented in the article is covered based on comparative historical, logical methods, the attitude of representatives of the philosophy of the new period to the sophistic and scientifc approaches is theoretically analyzed. This study, which analyzes the scientifc signifcance of sophistic thinking for time and space, conducts a historical and philosophical study of the appearance of this term in the region, its objective and subjective reasons. From an ontological point of view, the article examines the attitude of Islamic philosophy, in particular theology, to certain sociophilosophical issues arising based on sophisticated views. Also, scientifc solutions to the problems of everyday life, the social signifcance of sophistry in space, and time are philosophically analyzed. Based on the epistemological knowledge of the scientist Saduddin Taftazani, the following are stated: the reasons and factors for the penetration of the subject of philosophy into the Arab regions, as well as the philosophical and historical attitude to the features associated with the role of individuals in this process. In the fnal part of the article, based on dialectical views, the importance of the spiritual heritage, which has arisen based on the Islamic phenomenon, is explained in ensuring social harmony between peoples and nations. In particular, the theoretical and methodological foundations of the factors that serve to ensure social balance in society have been investigated, as opposed to the unsubstantiated notions of perverted trends that arose in the process of the Islamization of the regions. This article cites quotes from the frst edition of Sharh alAqaid al-Nasafya, published in Arabic in 2009 by Maktabat ul-bushro publishing house in the state of Pakistan, Karachi.

scholarly journals Archaeological Research in Italy during the last Eight Years

1896 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 120-142
Author(s):  
F. von Duhn
Keyword(s):  
Limited Area ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
New Period ◽  
Government Work ◽  
Single State ◽  
The New Period ◽  
Made In

Eight years ago, I had the honour of speaking at the Philologists' Convention at Zürich on the methods aims and materials of archaeological research in Italy. A summary of work, both prospective and retrospective was then not inappropriate, for we stood at a point of transition. With the altered constitution of the Archäologisches Institut, the death of Henzen and the retirement of Helbig one epoch had come to an end, and we had reason to suppose that the new period would present many features of difference.Until the unification of Italy there could be no question of a thorough scientific and consistent investigation of the country. Even the Istituto di Corrispondenza archeologia, the only scientific body whose activity was not confined within the bounds of a single state, found itself so hampered by want of means and the hindrances arising from the bad condition of communications, that all it could do was to contribute a meagre report of discoveries made in the limited area including Rome itself, Southern Etruria, where excavations were undertaken by the Papal government and private persons, and Pompeii, where under the Naples government work was slowly proceeding. In other districts excavation either fell entirely into neglect or took the form of secret and irresponsible plunder.

scholarly journals PEDAGOGICAL TRADITIONS OF DOMRA PERFORMANCE INKHARKIV IN THE 21ST CENTURY

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 27-50
Author(s):  
Nataliia Kostenko
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Original Compositions ◽  
Modern History ◽  
Current State ◽  
New Period ◽  
National University ◽  
History Of ◽  
The New Period ◽  
Historical Periods ◽  
Main Material

An essay on the modern history related to the domra has been offered in the light of the jubilee event – the 95th anniversary of the Department of Folk Instruments of Ukraine of Kharkiv National University of Arts named after I. P. Kotlyarevsky. The aim of the research is to assess the current state of the domra art in Kharkiv on the basis of systematization of scholarly and methodological materials. Among the tasks of the research there is a description of the activities of modern teachers-domrists, who represent the Kharkiv Domra School; to systematize historical periods and provide a generalization of the events of the modern history of the domra performance. The presentation of the main material requires the involvement of historiographical, biographical and systematic methods of modelling. The object of the research is academic folk-instrumental art; the subject is domra art in the cultural spacetime of Kharkiv. The material is the historiography of the modern domra research and the experience of concert-performing and pedagogical activities of the staff of the Department of Folk Instruments of Ukraine at Kharkiv National University of Arts named after I. P. Kotlyarevsky. The presentation of the main material. On the basis of historiography and systematization, an assessment of the events that have taken place in the domra performance and science over the past 20 years is provided. Historical periods in the system of higher education of Ukraine and personalities of domrists who played a significant role in the cultural life of Ukraine are identified. The current state of the domra performance, competition and festival events, methodological and pedagogical resources are highlighted. In the process of updating the repertoire of the domra players of the 21st century an important role belongs to the compositions of a large form accompanied by a symphony or folk orchestra, arrangements from the repertoire of other instruments (the flute, the violin, and the saxophone). The repertoire is traditionally based on original compositions by Kharkiv composers. Conclusions. We have provided essays on modern teachers who are the successors of prominent figures of the domra art of the Department of Folk Instruments of Ukraine at KhNUA named after I. P. Kotlyarevsky. The most complete list of recent data has not previously been provided. A characteristic feature of the new period in the history of the domra class is the involvement of promising young people in the work. Their achievements in the creative, scientific and organizational-educational plane are quite significant and form the foundation for the future glory of the domra performance.

scholarly journals On “Capital” and “Capitalism” in the Works of Soviet Historians on the History of Siberia of the 17th Century, Published before 1955

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-173
Author(s):  
I. R. Sokolovsky
Keyword(s):  
Karl Marx ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
Russian History ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
The Urals ◽  
New Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
The New Period ◽  
The 19Th Century

The methodology of history determines what the authors will write in their books. The methodology of history is a subject of social philosophy. However, after analyzing the leading works printed before 1955 on the history of the Urals and Siberia of the 17th century, we came to the conclusion that historians did not mechanically illustrate the conclusions of social philosophy. At the end of the 19th century V. I. Lenin, relying on Karl Marx, drew a concept of the “new period of Russian history”. In the 1930s this scheme has become mandatory for all Russian historians. However, it quickly became clear that not all of its elements could be found in the Siberian history of the 17th century. The reasons may be related to the lack of sufficient autonomy for the merchants, great tax oppression, opportunities to benefit from social status, and military operations. Retaining full loyalty to the official thesis, in their concrete studies, the historians of Siberia have proved to be great empiricists and preferred to point out historical facts even if the facts did not fit into the official concept.

The “New” Navy, 1652-1713

2011 ◽  
pp. 57-126
Author(s):  
Jaap R. Bruijn
Keyword(s):  
Financial Problems ◽  
Gradual Process ◽  
New Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The New Period ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Naval Officers

This chapter analyses the ‘New’ period in the history of the Dutch Navy, classified as between 1652 and 1713. It is divided into six sections: the reasons for the old navy’s obsolete status; the components of John de Witt’s ‘new’ navy; the various campaigns against England, France, and the Baltic; the changes that took place within Naval administration; the careers of Michiel de Ruyter and other naval officers; and the manning of ships in the ‘new’ period. It concludes with the War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1714), and the financial toll this took on the Dutch navy, a gradual process that wore down their capacity to operate. It concludes that financial problems coupled with the diminished threat from France forced the Dutch Navy to fundamentally alter their structure and subsequently redefine their role within the republic.

Reflections of Epidemic Diseases in Dystopic Works: An Example of "An Trial of Blindness"

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yağmur Ceylan
Keyword(s):  
Modern World ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Period ◽  
Aesthetic Pleasure ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The New Period ◽  
To Come ◽  
Epidemic Diseases

Throughout human history of mankind, many epidemics have arisen, and these diseases have been frequently the subject of novels and movies. The spread of the Covid-19 virus has caused the works on epidemic diseases to come back to the agenda and it has caused to be reconsidered for this issue in the new period works. One of these literary works, the novel “Ensaio Sobre a Cegueira” (Blindness) which is written by Saramago in 1995, is essentially a dystopian work that seeks an answer to “Well, what if all people suddenly went blind for no reason?”. While the author deals with the conflicts in the modern world, the collapse of conscience and moral values through the image of blindness, at the same time he is striving to give aesthetic pleasure to the reader. The work, which has also been adapted to cinema with the same name, maintains actuality even today. This study consists of comparison between the novel “Ensaio Sobre a Cegueira” (Blindness) and the movie Blindness (2008) which was originally adapted to the novel. Literature review, textual analysis and content analysis were used as methods. The comparison is based on the discussion of the social effects of the COVID-19 virus which emerged in 2020 and spread all over the world.

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