The Trouble with Numbers: Difficult Decision Making in Identifying Right-Wing Terrorism Cases. An Investigative Look at Open Source Social Scientific and Legal Data

Path dependence concepts, thus far, have seen little application in archaeology, but they have great potential. At a general level, these concepts provide tools for theorizing historical sequences, such as patterns of settlement on a landscape and divergent historical traditions. Potential applications include issues of historical contingency in the late Rio Grande, settlement in the Mesa Verde region, and divergent trajectories in the post-Chaco period. Specific concepts from path dependence theory, including lock-in and critical junctures, are illustrated by an analysis of the growth of Hohokam irrigation, which exhibited a path-dependent trajectory. As archaeological study of path dependence builds awareness of the importance of decision-making on the future, it contributes to difficult decision-making in today’s world.

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Neurocomputational mechanisms of confidence in self and others

10.1101/2021.03.05.434065 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dan Bang ◽

Rani Moran ◽

Nathaniel Douglass Daw ◽

Stephen M Fleming

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Social Cognition ◽

Theory Of Mind ◽

Social Situations ◽

Self And Other ◽

Difficult Decision ◽

Substantial Progress ◽

Decision Difficulty

Computing confidence in one's own and others' decisions is crucial for success in many social situations. There has been substantial progress in our understanding of confidence in oneself, but little is known about how we form confidence in others. Here, we address this question by asking subjects undergoing fMRI to place bets on perceptual decisions made by themselves or one of three other players of varying ability. We show that subjects' compute confidence in another player's decisions by combining distinct estimates of player ability and decision difficulty - allowing them to predict that a good player may get a difficult decision wrong and that a bad player may get an easy decision right. We find that this computation is supported by an interaction between brain systems traditionally implicated in decision-making (LIP) and theory of mind (TPJ, dmPFC). These results reveal a neurocomputational interplay between self- and other-related processes during social cognition.

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CREGIS-Q: a GIS tool to support decision making in case of aquifer contamination emergency

10.7287/peerj.preprints.2235 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Anna Bruna Petrangeli ◽

Elisabetta Preziosi ◽

Francesco Campopiano ◽

Angelo Corazza ◽

Andrea Duro

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Emergency Management ◽

Open Source ◽

Open Source Software ◽

Aquifer Contamination ◽

Gis Technology ◽

Structure Programming ◽

Spatial Decision Making ◽

Environmental Risk Analysis ◽

Support Decision Making

GIS technology has been used for many years in environmental risk analysis due to its capability to focus on the management and analysis of geographic and alphanumeric data to support spatial decision-making (Vairavamoorthy et al, 2007). Especially in emergency management, a DSS (Decision Support System) constitutes an important task to provide quick responses, though not completely exhaustive, to immediately handle a critical scenario and limit the possible damage. In the framework of a collaboration between the Water Research Institute and the National Civil Protection Department, a customized tool called CREGIS (ContaminazioneRisorseEvento-GIS) has been developed in order to facilitate the emergency management of accidental contamination of aquifers and support decision making (Preziosi et al, 2013). The tool is aimed at both national and local authorities in order to improve response capability for a better emergency management. Originally, the tool has been developed programming Python in an ArcGIS environment; but due to the great development and dissemination of open source software, our aim is to replicate the same structure programming Python in a GIS open source environment (QGIS). The review of the tool's code is still in progress. The goal is to make the tool (now named CREGIS-Q) free and accessible to a greater number of people and stakeholders.

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CREGIS-Q: a GIS tool to support decision making in case of aquifer contamination emergency

10.7287/peerj.preprints.2235v1 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Anna Bruna Petrangeli ◽

Elisabetta Preziosi ◽

Francesco Campopiano ◽

Angelo Corazza ◽

Andrea Duro

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Emergency Management ◽

Open Source ◽

Open Source Software ◽

Aquifer Contamination ◽

Gis Technology ◽

Structure Programming ◽

Spatial Decision Making ◽

Environmental Risk Analysis ◽

Support Decision Making

GIS technology has been used for many years in environmental risk analysis due to its capability to focus on the management and analysis of geographic and alphanumeric data to support spatial decision-making [Vairavamoorthy et al, 2007]. Especially in emergency management, a DSS (Decision Support System) constitutes an important task to provide quick responses, though not completely exhaustive, to immediately handle a critical scenario and limit the possible damage. In the framework of a collaboration between the Water Research Institute and the National Civil Protection Department, a customized tool called CREGIS (ContaminazioneRisorseEvento-GIS) has been developed in order to facilitate the emergency management of accidental contamination of aquifers and support decision making [Preziosi et al, 2013]. The tool is aimed at both national and local authorities in order to improve response capability for a better emergency management. Originally, the tool has been developed programming Python in an ArcGIS environment; but due to the great development and dissemination of open source software, our aim is to replicate the same structure programming Python in a GIS open source environment (QGIS). The review of the tool's code is still in progress. The goal is to make the tool (now named CREGIS-Q) free and accessible to a greater number of people and stakeholders.

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Conquery: an Open Source Application to analyze High Content Healthcare Data (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.32745 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fabian Kovacs ◽

Max Thonagel ◽

Marion Ludwig ◽

Alexander Albrecht ◽

Manuel Hegner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Big Data ◽

Data Analysis ◽

Open Source ◽

Open Source Software ◽

Medical Records ◽

Healthcare Sector ◽

Study Cohort ◽

Decision Making Processes ◽

Analytical Approaches

BACKGROUND Big data in healthcare must be exploited to achieve a substantial increase in efficiency and competitiveness. Especially the analysis of patient-related data possesses huge potential to improve decision-making processes. However, most analytical approaches used today are highly time- and resource-consuming. OBJECTIVE The presented software solution Conquery is an open-source software tool providing advanced, but intuitive data analysis without the need for specialized statistical training. Conquery aims to simplify big data analysis for novice database users in the medical sector. METHODS Conquery is a document-oriented distributed timeseries database and analysis platform. Its main application is the analysis of per-person medical records by non-technical medical professionals. Complex analyses are realized in the Conquery frontend by dragging tree nodes into the query editor. Queries are evaluated by a bespoke distributed query-engine for medical records in a column-oriented fashion. We present a custom compression scheme to facilitate low response times that uses online calculated as well as precomputed metadata and data statistics. RESULTS Conquery allows for easy navigation through the hierarchy and enables complex study cohort construction whilst reducing the demand on time and resources. The UI of Conquery and a query output is exemplified by the construction of a relevant clinical cohort. CONCLUSIONS Conquery is an efficient and intuitive open-source software for performant and secure data analysis and aims at supporting decision-making processes in the healthcare sector.

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Parent-Clinician Communication Form at the Time of Difficult Decision Making

PsycTESTS Dataset ◽

10.1037/t36801-000 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Pamela S. Hinds ◽

Linda L. Oakes ◽

Judy Hicks ◽

Brent Powell ◽

Deo Kumar Srivastava ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Difficult Decision ◽

Clinician Communication

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Model to Estimate the Human Factor Quality in FLOSS Development

Advances in Systems Analysis, Software Engineering, and High Performance Computing - Human Factors in Software Development and Design ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-6485-2.ch011 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 219-236

Author(s):

Zulaima Chiquin ◽

Kenyer Domínguez ◽

Luis E. Mendoza ◽

Edumilis Méndez

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Human Resources ◽

Open Source ◽

Open Source Software ◽

Human Factor ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Decision Making Process ◽

Self Evaluation ◽

Systemic Quality

This chapter presents a Model to Estimate the Human Factor Quality in Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) Development, or EHFQ-FLOSS. The model consists of three dimensions: Levels (individual, community, and foundation), Aspects (internal or contextual), and Forms of Evaluation (self-evaluation, co-evaluation, and hetero-evaluation). Furthermore, this model provides 145 metrics applicable to all three levels, as well as an algorithm that guides their proper application to estimate the systemic quality of human resources involved in the development of FLOSS, guide the decision-making process, and take possible corrective actions.

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Benefits and Pitfalls of Open Source in Commercial Contexts

Free/Open Source Software Development ◽

10.4018/978-1-59140-369-2.ch010 ◽

2005 ◽

pp. 222-241 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jiayin Hang ◽

Heidi Hohensohn ◽

Klaus Mayr ◽

Thomas Wieland

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Open Source ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Commercial Product ◽

Decision Making Process ◽

Business Opportunity ◽

Open Source Framework ◽

Open Source Communities ◽

Communication Culture

This chapter intends to show how companies can benefit from open source software and its development culture and how the open source communities could, in turn, be stimulated and accelerated. One of the first major steps for businesses that plan to act in this context is to accept that open source projects have their own communication culture. After explaining this fact, we illustrate its relevance on the basis of a case study in which an open source framework was used to build a commercial product. The decision-making process and the lessons learned from it point out some guidelines, particularly for companies that offer projects rather than products. As there are, however, more parties involved than just the developers when OSS is discussed as a business opportunity, we also classify the different players in the software business such as distributors, system integrators, and software/hardware vendors. Findings on roles and their motivations and restraints, partially based on a survey carried out within our research project, point up this categorization. The authors hope that this overview of the benefits and pitfalls will encourage more companies to make use of and invest in the open source way to develop and deploy software.

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