The inside story of the Group of Scientific Experts and its key role in developing the CTBT verification regime

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Ola Dahlman ◽  
Frode Ringdal ◽  
Jenifer Mackby ◽  
Svein Mykkeltveit
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Experts ◽  
Ctbt Verification

Republicans, Not Democrats, Are More Likely to Endorse Anti-Vaccine Misinformation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1532673X2110226
Author(s):  
Matthew Motta
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Scientific Experts ◽  
Childhood Vaccine ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Childhood Vaccines ◽  
Partisan Identification

Vaccine safety skeptics are often thought to be more likely to self-identify as Democrats (vs. Independents or Republicans). Recent studies, however, suggest that childhood vaccine misinformation is either more common among Republicans, or is uninfluenced by partisan identification (PID). Uncertainty about the partisan underpinnings of vaccine misinformation acceptance is important, as it could complicate efforts to pursue pro-vaccine health policies. I theorize that Republicans should be more likely to endorse anti-vaccine misinformation, as they tend to express more-negative views toward scientific experts. Across six demographically and nationally representative surveys, I find that—while few Americans think that “anti-vaxxers” are more likely to be Republicans than Democrats—Republican PID is significantly associated with the belief that childhood vaccines can cause autism. Consistent with theoretical expectations, effect is strongly mediated by anti-expert attitudes—an effect which supplemental panel analyses suggest is unlikely to be reverse causal.

Time resolution requirements for civilian radioxenon emission data for the CTBT verification regime

2018 ◽  
Vol 182 ◽  
pp. 117-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter De Meutter ◽  
Johan Camps ◽  
Andy Delcloo ◽  
Benoît Deconninck ◽  
Piet Termonia
Keyword(s):  
Time Resolution ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Ctbt Verification ◽  
Resolution Requirements

scholarly journals Scientific Trust, Risk Assessment, and Conspiracy Beliefs about COVID-19 - Four Patterns of Consensus and Disagreement between Scientific Experts and the German Public

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Rothmund ◽  
Fahima Farkhari ◽  
Flavio Azevedo ◽  
Carolin-Theresa Ziemer
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Scientific Literacy ◽  
General Public ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Scientific Experts ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
Conspiracy Beliefs ◽  
Motivational Structure

We investigated laypersons’ agreement with technical claims about the spread of the Sars-CoV-2 virus and with claims about the risk from COVID-19 in the general public in Germany (N = 1,575) and compared these with the evaluations of scientific experts (N = 128). Using Latent Class Analysis, we distinguished four segments in the general public. Two groups (mainstream and cautious, 73%) are generally consistent with scientific experts in their evaluations. Two groups (doubters and deniers, 27%) differ distinctively from expert evaluations and tend to believe in conspiracies about COVID-19. Deniers (8%) are characterized by low risk assessments, anti-elitist sentiments and low compliance with containment measures. Doubters (19%) are characterized by general uncertainty in the distinction between true and false claims and by low scientific literacy in terms of cognitive ability and style. Our research indicates that conspiracy beliefs about COVID-19 cannot be linked to a single and distinct motivational structure.

scholarly journals GSETT 3: a test of an experimental international seismic monitoring system

1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ringdal
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Data Center ◽  
Seismic Monitoring ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Scientific Experts ◽  
International Data ◽  
Comprehensive Test ◽  
International Data Center ◽  
Test Ban ◽  
Operative Measures

The UN Conference on Disarmament's Group of Scientific Experts (GSE) was established in 1976 to consider international co operative measures to detect and identify seismic events. Over the years, the GSE has developed and tested several concepts for an International Seismic Monitoring System (ISMS) for the purpose of assisting in the verification of a potential comprehensive test ban treaty. The GSE is now planning its third global technical test. (GSETT 3) in order to test new and revisled concepts for an ISMS. GSETT 3 wili be an unprecedented global effort to conduct an operationally realistic test of rapid collection, distribution and processing of seismie data. A global network of seismograph stations will provide data to an International Data Center, where the data will be processed an results made available to participants. The full scaIe phase of GSETT 3 is scheduled to begin in January 1995.

scholarly journals Politics overwhelms science in the Covid-19 pandemic: Evidence from the whole coverage of the Italian quality newspapers

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0252034
Author(s):  
Stefano Crabu ◽  
Paolo Giardullo ◽  
Andrea Sciandra ◽  
Federico Neresini
Keyword(s):  
Topic Modeling ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Stochastic Gradient Descent ◽  
The Public ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Experts ◽  
Science And Politics ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Media Narratives

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has emerged as one of the most dramatic health crises of recent decades. This paper treats mainstream news about the current pandemic as a valuable entry point for analyzing the relationship between science and politics in the public sphere, where the outbreak must be both understood and confronted through appropriate public-health policy decisions. In doing so, the paper aims to examine which actors, institutions, and experts dominate the SARS-CoV-2 media narratives, with particular attention to the roles of political, medical, and scientific actors and institutions within the pandemic crisis. The study relies on a large dataset consisting of all SARS-CoV-2 articles published by eight major Italian national newspapers between January 1, 2020 and June 15, 2020. These articles underwent a quantitative analysis based on a topic modeling technique. The topic modeling outputs were further analyzed by innovatively combining ad-hoc metrics and a classifier based on the stacking ensemble method (combining regularized logistic regression and linear stochastic gradient descent) for quantifying scientific salience. This enabled the identification of relevant topics and the analysis of the roles that different actors and institutions engaged in making sense of the pandemic. The results show how the health emergency has been addressed primarily in terms of political regulation and concerns and only marginally as a scientific matter. Hence, science has been overwhelmed by politics, which, in media narratives, exerts a moral as well as regulatory authority. Media narratives exclude neither scientific issues nor scientific experts; rather, they configure them as a subsidiary body of knowledge and expertise to be mobilized as an ancillary, impersonal institution useful for legitimizing the expansion of political jurisdiction over the governance of the emergency.

scholarly journals Research on scholarships holders who studied abroad and returned to Serbia

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nena A. Vasojevic ◽  
Snežana Kirin ◽  
Predrag J. Marković
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Valuable Resource ◽  
Education Abroad ◽  
Statistical Tools ◽  
New Era ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Scientific Experts

Knowledge has become the most valuable resource of the new era and the resource of the future. The intention of this study is to improve knowledge about the problem of migration of educated people from Serbia from the perspective of scholarship holders who, after being abroad, returned to their country. The aim of this research is to show the profile of the scholarship holders of post-academic and post-graduate students, who studied abroad and then returned to Serbia. Their motives for departure and return, as well as their perception of integration into the work environment in Serbia and utilization of their knowledge is presented. Methods: For the purpose of this research a questionnaire was constructed which was distributed online. Collected data were analysed using statistical tools. Results: This research has shown that the primary motive for education abroad is the desire for personal development. It has also been shown that an important factor for the return of students from abroad is their expectation of comparative advantage in the labour market and their belief of getting a desired job. Apart from this, it is shown that the scholarship holders only partially used the acquired knowledge and thus, do not have enough influence in the development of their organizations.Conclusion: The main research contribution is reflected in the improvement of the knowledge about the motivation of scholars to return from developed countries and highlighted problems which scholarship holders have after returning.Implications and research limitation: the results obtained can be generalised to countries that are passing or have recently moved a transition, and are similar in cultural characteristics.  The present contains certain limitations that must be taken into account while interpreting final results. The most significant constraint is the sample size, but the obtained results, especially the motives of the scientific experts for a return to the country, are extremely important and can be considered the starting basis for further research.

Effective Communication During an Influenza Pandemic: The Value of Using a Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication Framework

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 13S-17S ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Reynolds ◽  
Sandra Crouse Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Communication ◽  
Scientific Reasoning ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Persuasive Communication ◽  
Communication Framework ◽  
Conflicting Information ◽  
Scientific Experts ◽  
Positive Action

During a crisis, an open and empathetic style of communication that engenders the public's trust is the most effective when officials are attempting to galvanize the population to take a positive action or refrain from a harmful act. Although trust is imperative in a crisis, public suspicions of scientific experts and government are increasing for a variety of reasons, including access to more sources of conflicting information, a reduction in the use of scientific reasoning in decision making, and political infighting. Trust and credibility—which are demonstrated through empathy and caring, competence and expertise, honesty and openness, and dedication and commitment—are essential elements of persuasive communication.

New Technology in Agriculture Using Neutrosophic Soft Matrices with the Help of Score Function

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-88
Author(s):  
Muhammad Naveed Jafar ◽  
Ahmad Raza Shafiq ◽  
Muhammad Khalid ◽  
Hamza Akbar ◽  
Aamir Naveed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Score Function ◽  
Uncertain Environments ◽  
Scientific Experts ◽  
Selection Of

Uncertainty is a big problem in our routine life. Many theories were developed to handle uncertain environments. This paper approaches the concept of neutrosophic soft matrices (NSM) and multiple types of NSM to achieve solutions to a possible problem and provide ideas to tackle other problems relating to uncertainties. Here, NSM has been utilized to demonstrate the performance of different farmers, and further score function has been implemented to solve a possible application of decision making in agriculture. It explains the selection of the best farmer by scientific experts through an algorithm in this paper. The selection based upon the better production of crop and nature, fertilizer, pesticides, etc. are used as attributes, which will contribute to the performance of each farmer. Finally, combining the attributes, which will help us achieve a conclusion to determine the best farmer.

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