scholarly journals Profiles of Reading Motivation among African American and Caucasian Students

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Guthrie ◽  
Cassandra S. Coddington ◽  
Allan Wigfield
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Grade 5 ◽  
Perceived Difficulty ◽  
American Students ◽  
Caucasian Students

Previous research has investigated motivations for reading by examining positive or affirming motivations, including intrinsic motivation and self-efficacy. Related to them, we examined two negative, or undermining, motivations consisting of avoidance and perceived difficulty. We proposed that the motivations of intrinsic motivation and avoidance are relatively independent and thus can be combined to form meaningful profiles consisting of avid, ambivalent, apathetic, and averse readers. With Grade 5 students we found that these motivations were relatively independent for both Caucasian and African American students. The two motivations uniquely explained a significant proportion of variance in reading comprehension and other cognitive reading variables. Although intrinsic motivation correlated higher with achievement than avoidance for Caucasians, avoidance correlated higher with achievement than intrinsic motivation for African Americans. For both groups, the profile of avid readers showed higher reading achievement than the other profiles.

Social Distance Evaluations in White and African-American Students

1995 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 478-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lee Hoxter ◽  
David Lester
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
African American ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Asian Americans ◽  
White Students ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
African American Students ◽  
The Other ◽  
African American Adults ◽  
American Students

Among 241 college students, both white and African-American adults were less willing to be personal friends with people of the other ethnic group than with people of their own ethnic group. African-American students were also less willing to be friends with Asian Americans than were white students.

The Shape of the Michigan River as Viewed from the Land of Sweatt v. Painter and Hopwood

2000 ◽  
Vol 25 (02) ◽  
pp. 507-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas D. Russell
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
African American Students ◽  
University Of Texas ◽  
American Students ◽  
Class Of 2000 ◽  
The University

If general ideas and theories about what's going on in society are going to be anything other than moonshine, they have to be rooted in hard-bought knowledge of what in fact is happening in people's lives. —J. Willard Hurst (1910-96) There are 5 African Americans among the 433 students in The University of Texas School of Law's class of 2000. There are 7 in the class of 2001, and 7 in the class of 2002. With 1,387 students, the UT School of Law is big. The 19 African American students comprise 1.4% of the total.

Early Positive Predictors of Later Reading Comprehension for African American Students

2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly K. Craig ◽  
Carol M. Connor ◽  
Julie A. Washington
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Oral Language ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
African American Students ◽  
Shape Matching ◽  
First Grade ◽  
American Students ◽  
American Children

Purpose: This investigation examined the performance of 50 African American children on a reading comprehension test. Method: Longitudinal data were compared for two groups of students who were preschoolers or kindergartners at Time 1 and elementary-grade students at Time 2. Outcomes were examined for positive predictive relationships based on their oral language and cognitive skills as preschoolers and kindergartners at Time 1. The Time 1 preschoolers were all from low-income homes, whereas the Time 1 kindergartners were all from middle-income homes. All students were urban dwellers and speakers of African American English. Results: Two measures predicted later reading comprehension levels for the Time 1 preschoolers: use of complex syntax and shape matching. The Time 1 preschoolers and kindergartners showed no significant differences in reading comprehension at the end of first grade, but the preschoolers were significantly ahead of the kindergartners in reading by third grade. Clinical Implications: The potential of preschools that emphasize early language and literacy for improving the reading outcomes of African American students is discussed.

African Americans and Planned Resilience

2011 ◽  
pp. 305-316
Author(s):  
Hansel Burley ◽  
Lucy Barnard-Brak ◽  
Valerie McGaha-Garnett ◽  
Bolanle A. Olaniran ◽  
Aretha Marbley
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
African American Students ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Postsecondary Institutions ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
School Factors ◽  
American Students

The purpose of the current study is to examine secondary school factors that predict the performance and persistence of African American students at postsecondary institutions. Ajzen’s (1991) Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), used as the theoretical framework of this study, suggests that intentions, driven by attitudes and beliefs, can predict behavior. This theory was adapted to include resilience, a theory that focuses on student assets, rather than deficits. This theory focuses on how children overcome risk factors like poverty and poor schools to reach agreed upon measures of success.

scholarly journals Differences between African-American and Caucasian students on enrollment influences and barriers in kinesiology-based allied health education programs

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Barfield ◽  
D. C. Cobler ◽  
Eddie T. C. Lam ◽  
James Zhang ◽  
George Chitiyo
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
African American Students ◽  
Allied Health ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Allied Health Education ◽  
American Students ◽  
Education Enrollment ◽  
Caucasian Students

Kinesiology departments have recently started to offer allied health education programs to attract additional students to teacher education units ( 9 ). Although allied health professions offer increased work opportunities, insufficient enrollment and training of minority students in these academic fields contribute to underrepresentation in the workforce ( 3 ). To improve workforce diversity, kinesiology departments must understand how enrollment influences and barriers differ by race among prospective students. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify differences in allied health education enrollment influences and enrollment barriers between minority and Caucasian students. Participants ( n = 601) consisted of students enrolled in kinesiology-based allied health education programs. Multivariate ANOVA was used to compare group differences in enrollment decision making. “Personal influence,” “career opportunity,” and “physical self-efficacy” were all significantly stronger enrollment influences among African-American students than among Caucasian students, and “social influence,” “experiential opportunity,” “academic preparation,” and “physical self-efficacy” were all perceived as significantly greater barriers compared with Caucasian students. Findings support the need to recruit African-American students through sport and physical education settings and to market program-based experiential opportunities.

scholarly journals Undiagnosed Kidney Injury in Uninsured and Underinsured Diabetic African American Men and Putative Role of Meprin Metalloproteases in Diabetic Nephropathy

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Cao ◽  
Rashin Sedighi ◽  
Ava Boston ◽  
Lakmini Premadasa ◽  
Jamilla Pinder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
African American Men ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Meprin Metalloproteases ◽  
Kidney Injury Molecule 1

Diabetes is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease. African Americans are disproportionately burdened by diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and end stage renal disease (ESRD). Disparities in DKD have genetic and socioeconomic components, yet its prevalence in African Americans is not adequately studied. The current study used multiple biomarkers of DKD to evaluate undiagnosed DKD in uninsured and underinsured African American men in Greensboro, North Carolina. Participants consisted of three groups: nondiabetic controls, diabetic patients without known kidney disease, and diabetic patients with diagnosed DKD. Our data reveal undiagnosed kidney injury in a significant proportion of the diabetic patients, based on levels of both plasma and urinary biomarkers of kidney injury, namely, urinary albumin to creatinine ratio, kidney injury molecule-1, cystatin C, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. We also found that the urinary levels of meprin A, meprin B, and two kidney meprin targets (nidogen-1 and monocytes chemoattractant protein-1) increased with severity of kidney injury, suggesting a potential role for meprin metalloproteases in the pathophysiology of DKD in this subpopulation. The study also demonstrates a need for more aggressive tests to assess kidney injury in uninsured diabetic patients to facilitate early diagnosis and targeted interventions that could slow progression to ESRD.

scholarly journals Free Your Mind: Contemporary Racial Attitudes and Post Racial Theory

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-87
Author(s):  
Lakeyta M. Bonnette ◽  
Sarah M. Gershon ◽  
Precious D. Hall
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Affirmative Action ◽  
Race Relations ◽  
Racial Attitudes ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Black President

The inauguration of the United States first Black President has prompted mass discussions of race relations in America. It is often articulated that America is now in a post-racial society. However, the question still remains: does the election of a Black president demonstrate that America is now a “color-blind” society? To answer this question, we rely on data collected by PEW (2007). Our results suggest that white and African Americans differ significantly in the extent to which they express post-racial attitudes. Specifically, we find that whites more commonly express post-racial attitudes, claiming that racism and discrimination are rare, in opposition to African American views. On the other hand, blacks are more likely to believe that discrimination still occurs. We further find that whites' post-racial beliefs are significant determinants of their attitudes towards race-related policies, such as affirmative action.

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