Unequal Access to Water and Its Affordability for Households in Mexico

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Daniel Alfredo Revollo-Fernández ◽  
Lilia Rodríguez-Tapia
Keyword(s):  
Access To Water ◽  
Unequal Access

Water, Wealth, and Power: A Case Study from Upper Mustang of Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 104-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prem Chalaune
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Inheritance System ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Unequal Access ◽  
Property Inheritance ◽  
System Access ◽  
The Relationship

This paper examines the relationship between micro-social political institutions and unequal access to water which is ultimately molded by macro social world. The indigenously managed irrigation system existing in Dhee-Upper Mustang of Nepal is the manifestation or reflection of local kingship, village headmanship, institution of polyandry, property inheritance system, access to land, bikas (green garden), animal husbandry, state monarchical system (which is now abolished), modus operandi of NGOs/INGOs and governmental officials. The local unequal social political complexities led to age old indigenously managed irrigation system which is ultimately manufactured and protected by wider social structure. Dhee village Upper Mustang is a semi-arid Trans-Himalayan region in western part of Nepal which is known for its water scarcity. The indigenous or community-managed irrigation system existing in Dhee-Upper Mustang seems highly exploitative and power-ridden. DOI: 10.3126/opsa.v11i0.3033 Occasional Papers in Sociology and Anthropology Vol.11 2009 104-125

Ground Realities

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-96
Author(s):  
Debasish Roy Chowdhury ◽  
John Keane
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Equal Access ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Land Distribution ◽  
Private Profit ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Unequal Access ◽  
Land Holdings

This chapter investigates the widespread and unchecked environmental abuse in India. Nearly a third of India’s land area has been degraded through deforestation, over-cultivation, soil erosion, and depletion of wetlands. Reckless industrialization, mining, and urbanization, as well as deeply flawed agricultural policies and skewed land distribution have reaped a bitter harvest of dislocation and deprivation. This dispossession adds to India’s historically unequal land holdings. Along with the poisoning of life-giving water and air, land alienation and destruction create a hierarchy of citizens suffering unequal access to the fundamental ingredients of social life. The destruction of the elements by the entanglement of the state and big business, and the priority given to private profit over public good, have contributed to the systematic evisceration of democracy-defining social equality. The chapter raises the important question of whether people can be said to have the same right to vote and enjoy equal social dignity if they don’t have the same right to breathe or have equal access to water.

scholarly journals Environmental equity as a criterion for water management

2014 ◽  
Vol 364 ◽  
pp. 519-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Grande ◽  
C. Galvão ◽  
L. Miranda ◽  
I. Rufino
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Environmental Equity ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Unequal Access ◽  
Semi Arid Region

Abstract. Environmental equity is a concept derived from the (un)equal exposure to environmental degradation by different social groups, usually minorities and low-income people exposed to major environmental risks, also known as environmental justice. It is assumed that no group of people, independent of race, ethnicity or socio-economic class, should support, either in concentrated or unevenly distributed form, the negative environmental impacts resulting from industrial, agricultural, commercial and infrastructure activities or government programs and policies. In this paper the concept of environmental equity is explored as a criterion for water management through the analysis of a typical coupled human–natural system: the Epitácio Pessoa Reservoir, located in the semi-arid region of Brazil. Inefficient water resource management has caused unequal access to water by the population, particularly during drought periods. However, census data indicate that population have practically the same access to water, which actually is not able to reflect the actual picture. This study argues that environmental equity can be an additional criterion to improve water management.

The Evolution of a Nation

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Berkowitz ◽  
Karen B. Clay
Keyword(s):  
Political Competition ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Legal Institutions ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Water Transportation ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Late Twentieth

Although political and legal institutions are essential to any nation's economic development, the forces that have shaped these institutions are poorly understood. Drawing on rich evidence about the development of the American states from the mid-nineteenth to the late twentieth century, this book documents the mechanisms through which geographical and historical conditions—such as climate, access to water transportation, and early legal systems—impacted political and judicial institutions and economic growth. The book shows how a state's geography and climate influenced whether elites based their wealth in agriculture or trade. States with more occupationally diverse elites in 1860 had greater levels of political competition in their legislature from 1866 to 2000. The book also examines the effects of early legal systems. Because of their colonial history, thirteen states had an operational civil-law legal system prior to statehood. All of these states except Louisiana would later adopt common law. By the late eighteenth century, the two legal systems differed in their balances of power. In civil-law systems, judiciaries were subordinate to legislatures, whereas in common-law systems, the two were more equal. Former civil-law states and common-law states exhibit persistent differences in the structure of their courts, the retention of judges, and judicial budgets. Moreover, changes in court structures, retention procedures, and budgets occur under very different conditions in civil-law and common-law states. This book illustrates how initial geographical and historical conditions can determine the evolution of political and legal institutions and long-run growth.

Settlements Under Unequal Access to Justice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madina Kurmangaliyeva ◽  
Anastasia Antsygina
Keyword(s):  
Access To Justice ◽  
Unequal Access

Water and sanitation policies for improving health in South Africa: overcoming the institutional legacy of apartheid

Water Policy ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 627-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edina Sinanovic ◽  
Sandi Mbatsha ◽  
Stephen Gundry ◽  
Jim Wright ◽  
Clas Rehnberg
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
The South ◽  
Financing System ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
New Policies

The burden of water-related disease is closely related to both the socio-economic situation and public health issues like access to clean water, sanitation and hygiene services. Poverty eradication, through improved access to water and sanitation, is the South African government's major priority. This is partly achieved through subsidising the cost of water and sanitation provision to the poor in rural areas. Whilst the new policies have made a remarkable impact on improved access to water and sanitation services, a general problem since the new approach in 1994 has been the lack of integration of policies for water and sanitation and health. This paper analyses the policies concerning rural water supply and sanitation in South Africa. It considers the structure of institutions, the division of responsibilities and legislated and financial capacity of the South Africa's water sector. A more integrated approach for the policies aiming at water access, sanitation and health is needed. In addition, as the local government's capacity to implement different programmes is limited, a review of the financing system is necessary.

Desirable effects of dietary 4-O-methyl-glucuronoarabinoxylan from the Echinacea plant on growth performance, thigh meat quality and development of small intestine in female Partridge-Shank broilers

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Qing-Chang Ren ◽  
Jing-Jing Xuan ◽  
Chuan-Yan Che ◽  
Xin-Chao Yan ◽  
Zhong-Ze Hu
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Bodyweight Gain ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Muscle Ph ◽  
Access To Water

In this trial we aimed to assess the effects of dietary supplementation of 4-O-methyl-glucuronoarabinoxylan (4OMG) on growth performance, thigh meat quality and small intestine development of female Partridge-Shank broilers. A total of 240 1-day-old female Partridge-Shank broilers were randomly distributed to four groups with three replicates of 20 within each group. Groups received either 0, 15, 20 or 25 g 4OMG/kg DM of diet. During the whole experiment of 60 days, broilers had ad libitum access to water and feed. At pen level, feed intake was recorded daily and broilers were weighed at the start and end of the experiment. For each group, three pens with a total of 20 broilers were randomly selected to determine the thigh meat quality and the small intestine development of broilers. Broilers fed diets with higher 4OMG had greater final liveweight (P = 0.004), daily bodyweight gain (P = 0.004) and gain-to-feed ratio (P < 0.001), muscle pH values (P = 0.031) and redness (P = 0.001), duodenal weight index (P = 0.042), jejunal (P = 0.043) and ileal length (P = 0.049), duodenal (P < 0.001) and ileal villus height (P = 0.008), but lower percentage of dead birds (P < 0.001), drip loss (P = 0.042) and shear force value (P = 0.043) of the thigh muscles. These results indicate that increasing dietary supplementation of 4OMG may improve growth performance and meat quality of female Partridge-Shank broilers through better development of small intestine.

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