Effects of Reaction Temperature on Distribution of Aromatization Reaction Products of Lanlian FCC Gasoline

The synthesis of dimeric products from monoterpene hydrocarbons has been studied for the development of renewable high-density fuel. In this regard, the conversion of α-pinene in turpentine over stannic chloride molten salt hydrates (SnCl4·5H2O) as a catalyst was investigated, and the reaction products were analyzed with gas chromatography/flame ionization detector/mass spectrometer (GC/FID/MS). Overall, the content of α-pinene in a reaction mixture decreased precipitously with an increasing reaction temperature. Almost 100% of the conversion was shown after 1 h of reaction above 90 °C. From α-pinene, dimeric products (hydrocarbons and alcohols/ethers) were mostly formed and their yield showed a steady increase of up to 61 wt% based on the reaction mixture along with the reaction temperature. This conversion was thought to be promoted by Brønsted acid activity of the catalyst, which resulted from a Lewis acid-base interaction between the stannic (Sn(IV)) center and the coordinated water ligands. As for the unexpected heteroatom-containing products, oxygen and chlorine atoms were originated from the coordinated water and chloride ligands of the catalyst. Based on the results, we constructed not only a plausible catalytic cycle of SnCl4·5H2O but also the mechanism of catalyst decomposition.

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The Forecast of Nine Lumped Kinetic Models of FCC Gasoline Under Aromatization Reaction Conditions

Energy Sources Part A Recovery Utilization and Environmental Effects ◽

10.1080/15567036.2010.536822 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 54-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H. You

Keyword(s):

Kinetic Models ◽

Reaction Conditions ◽

Fcc Gasoline ◽

Aromatization Reaction

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Synthesis of β-Sialon/Ti(C,N) Composites Using Low and Middle Grade Bauxite and Ilmenite by Carbothermal Reduction-Nitridation

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.624.112 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 624 ◽

pp. 112-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

De Xin Yang ◽

Yan Gai Liu ◽

Ding Yun Ye ◽

Zhao Hui Huang ◽

Ming Hao Fang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reaction Temperature ◽

High Purity ◽

Carbothermal Reduction ◽

Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽

Reducing Agent ◽

Raw Material ◽

Reaction Products ◽

Middle Grade ◽

Rutile Tio2

β-Sialon/Ti(C,N) composites were prepared using low and middle grade bauxite and ilmenite as raw material,while coke as reducing agent in high purity nitrogen atmosphere through carbothermal reducrion-nitridation(CRN).The main phases of low and middle grade bauxite are kaolinire(Al2O3•2SiO2•2H2O) and (Al2O3•H2O)2 and ilmenite mainly contain ilmenite(FeTiO3) and rutile(TiO2).The reaction products of bauxite are the β-Sialon(Z=3,Si3Al3O3N5) while those of ilmenite are TiC and Fe.The results showed that the main phases are β-Sialon,Ti(C,N),Al2O3 and Fe when the reaction temperature is at 1400°C holding for 4 hours(10wt% ilmenite and 90wt% bauxite as raw material).However,β-Sialon decomposes into 21R at 1450°C and into 15R and AlN at 1500°C.So 1400°C is selected as the proper temperature to synthesize β-Sialon/Ti(C,N) composites.At 1400°C,the β-Sialon crystals with the largest quantity grow well and show long column in shape.With the increase of the reacrion temperature β-Sialon begin to decompose,the β-Sialon crystals change to short columnar,with the number decreasing quickly.

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Effects of Reaction Condition on the Secondary Aromatization Reaction of Lanlian FCC Gasoline Products

Petroleum Science and Technology ◽

10.1080/10916466.2010.512896 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 32 (15) ◽

pp. 1807-1815

Author(s):

X. Guo ◽

H. You

Keyword(s):

Fcc Gasoline ◽

Reaction Condition ◽

Aromatization Reaction

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Study on Reaction Synthesis Mechanism of TiC-Al2O3 Particle Co-Reinforced Aluminum Based Composites

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.1754 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 97-101 ◽

pp. 1754-1759

Author(s):

Rui Ying Zhang ◽

Zhi Ming Shi ◽

Ri Chang Huo

Keyword(s):

Shell Model ◽

Structure Formation ◽

Reaction Temperature ◽

Core Shell ◽

Reaction Synthesis ◽

Reaction Products ◽

Contact Reaction ◽

Synthesis Mechanism ◽

Reaction Behavior

TiC-Al2O3 particles were fabricated in situ by contact reaction（CR） in an Al–Ti2O–C system. The reaction behavior and formation path of Al2O3, TiC were investigated. Results show that the reaction temperature for the CR is higher than that for the directly sintering due to different thermal conductibility of mediums. The typical layered reaction products were observed. A proposed core–shell model explained the structure formation for the CR composites. Al3Ti and Al4C3 were suggested transition phases during the contact reaction process.

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Physicochemical and Catalytic Properties of Vanadia/Titania Catalysts. IV. Catalytic Oxidation of o-Xylene

Adsorption Science & Technology ◽

10.1260/02636170260555787 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 20 (9) ◽

pp. 865-881

Author(s):

Th. El-Nabarawy ◽

M.N. Alaya ◽

S.A. Sayed Ahmed ◽

A.M. Youssef

Keyword(s):

Reaction Temperature ◽

Surface Acidity ◽

Lower Surface ◽

Acid Sites ◽

Reaction Products ◽

Flame Ionization ◽

Surface Areas ◽

Flow Apparatus ◽

Lower Oxidation ◽

Temperature Surface

Titania samples were prepared by precipitation at pH 3.0 (to provide ‘Ta’ samples) or at pH 9.0 (to provide ‘Tb’ samples). These materials were then impregnated with NH4VO3 to obtain vanadia/titania catalysts of different V2O5 content. These V2O5/TiO2 samples were subsequently calcined at 400°C or 600°C to obtain two series. The oxidation of o-xylene was undertaken at 250°C, 300°C or 350°C using a conventional flow apparatus at atmospheric pressure. The reaction products were detected and separated via a gas chromatograph fitted with a flame ionization detector. The chemical composition of the catalyst, the calcination temperature, the reaction mixture employed and the reaction temperature were among the variables considered. Catalysts calcined at 400°C were more active than those calcined at 600°C, thereby indicating that anatase was the proper titania phase for supporting oxidation catalysts. Titania samples precipitated at pH 3.0 were more effective as a support for vanadia than those precipitated at pH 9.0 despite the fact that they possessed lower surface areas. This demonstrated that surface area was not a determining factor in catalyst performance. The conversion of o-xylene to phthalic anhydride increased with increasing vanadia content in the catalysts employed and with increasing reaction temperature. Surface acidity was one factor amongst others contributing to the catalytic activity. It is thought that acid sites enhance the reduction of V5+ to lower oxidation states to provide the active oxidation sites. Mechanisms for the partial oxidation of o-xylene were advanced and explained.

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