Before and After Joining the European Union: The Impact of Investments in Telecoms on the Visegrád Group of Countries and Baltic States

In 2010, the European Union (EU) committed to lifting at least 20 million people out of poverty and social exclusion, using income poverty, severe material deprivation, and (quasi-)joblessness as metrics to measure progress on this goal. As part of a broader set of commonly agreed indicators, the EU also (crudely) measures the impact of transfers by comparing income poverty rates before and after social transfers. This chapter develops a regression approach to study the effects of transfers on material deprivation by predicting the material deprivation rate before social transfers. We apply the method to pre-recession and post-austerity EU-SILC data for Germany, Greece, Poland, and the United Kingdom. We find that, in addition to reducing income poverty, transfers substantially reduce the extent and depth of material deprivation. Changes in social transfers, therefore, have a twofold effect on Europe’s poverty-reduction target.

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Don’t cry for me Britannia: The resilience of the European Union to Brexit

European Union Politics ◽

10.1177/1465116519882096 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 152-172 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Narisong Huhe ◽

Daniel Naurin ◽

Robert Thomson

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

European Union ◽

Network Analysis ◽

Spatial Model ◽

The Political ◽

The European Union ◽

Member States ◽

Decision To Leave ◽

Before And After ◽

The Impact

We assess the impact of the United Kingdom’s 2016 decision to leave the European Union on the Council of the European Union, where Brexit is likely to have the clearest observable implications. Using concepts and models from the spatial model of politics and network analysis, we formulate and test expectations regarding the effects of Brexit. We examine two of the most prominent datasets on recent decision-making in the European Union, which include data on cooperation networks among member states before and after the 2016 referendum. Our findings identify some of the political challenges that Brexit will bring, but also highlight the factors that are already helping the European Union’s remaining member states to adapt to Brexit.

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The Effect of the European Union Customs Union on the Balance of Trade in Turkey

Foreign Trade Review ◽

10.1177/0015732516660801 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (4) ◽

pp. 219-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Natalya Ketenci

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Gravity Model ◽

Generalized Method Of Moments ◽

Oecd Countries ◽

Dynamic Panel Data ◽

Customs Union ◽

The European Union ◽

Before And After ◽

Balance Of Trade ◽

The Impact

This article investigates the effect of the customs union between Turkey and the European Union on the balance of trade in Turkey. The framework for analysis is an extended trade gravity model onto which the impact of the customs union is applied. The gravity model of trade is estimated using dynamic panel data which applies the generalized method of moments to a sample of OECD countries. Separate estimates were made for the periods before and after the process of trade liberalization in Turkey—1980–1995 and 1996–2012, respectively—as well as for the full period—1980–2012. The main conclusion is that when the European Union is accounted for as an econometric variable, the empirical results are striking: Turkey’s gains resulting from taking part in the customs union are noteworthy, with significant improvement in the trade balance with European Union countries. However, the trade flows, and specifically imports, have been mainly with OECD countries that are themselves not members of the EU. The model indicates that external common tariffs are responsible for Turkey’s trade growth rather than tariffs abolished in the internal market of the customs union.

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The Europeanisation of Slovak Political Parties

Slovak Journal of Political Sciences ◽

10.1515/sjps-2015-0003 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 31-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dušan Leška

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Political Parties ◽

Party System ◽

Party Competition ◽

The European Union ◽

Stages Of Development ◽

Association Agreement ◽

Government Relations ◽

Before And After ◽

The Impact

Abstract The aim of the study is to analyse the Europeanisation of Slovak political parties in the various stages of the transition and transformation of the political system of Slovakia before and after the entry into the European Union. Methodologically, the paper is based on the concept of Ladrech, who divided five areas of research to suit the study of the impact of the Europeanisation on political parties and their politics. Visible can be changes in political programmes, organisational changes, a formula of party competition, relations between parties and government, relations beyond the national party system (a new look at transnational cooperation between political parties). Our research proved that the Europeanisation has been visible at all stages of development, with varying degrees of intensity and in various forms since the signing of the association agreement with the European Union. Its effect was important already in the stage of the society transition when it helped the return of Slovakia on the path of democratic development. In the two stages of development, Europeanisation created an individual line of cleavage of political parties, affected the rivalry of political parties, and thus a party system model. Unambiguously, it was reflected in political programmes of all parties, and an important role was played by the incorporation of political parties in the European political parties, by their cooperation and coordination of their policies. The election in the European Parliament was an important turning point in completion of programme orientations of political parties.

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Northern Cyprus as an ‘inner neighbour’: A critical analysis of European Union enlargement in Cyprus

European Urban and Regional Studies ◽

10.1177/0969776418756933 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 37-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anna Casaglia

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Eu Enlargement ◽

Negotiation Process ◽

The European Union ◽

European Union Enlargement ◽

Northern Cyprus ◽

Before And After ◽

Turkish Cypriot ◽

The Impact ◽

The Eu

This article analyses the impact of Cyprus’s accession to the European Union (EU) on the northern part of the island, and tackles the political actorness of the EU with regard to the enduring Cypriot conflict. Much literature has critically analysed the EU enlargement process, underlining its imperialistic features and its problematic nature. At the same time, scholars have highlighted the EU’s difficulties in acting as a political actor and its impact on situations of ethno-national conflict. This article brings together these critical aspects by analysing them in the peculiar context of Cyprus. It retraces the negotiation process and the Turkish Cypriots’ in/visibility throughout it, and presents research conducted following Cyprus’s accession in three different periods between 2008 and 2015. We propose an interpretation of Northern Cyprus as an ‘inner neighbour’ of the EU, because of its anomalous and liminal status, the suspended application of the acquis communautaire, the unresolved conflict and the ambiguity of the border management of the Green Line, the line of partition between north and south. All these problematic features of Northern Cyprus’s situation are examined in detail to identify the unique position of this entity within the EU. In addition to this, and supporting the importance of a bottom-up understanding of the EU’s normative and symbolic projection, the article presents the opinions of Turkish Cypriot citizens about their expectations before and after 2004, and how their ideas and imaginaries related to the EU have evolved and interacted with the process of Europeanisation.

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The Impact of Political Events - “Name Issue” on an Emerging Macedonian Stock Market

Journal of Public Administration and Governance ◽

10.5296/jpag.v1i2.926 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 203 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Julijana Angelovska

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Stock Exchange ◽

Abnormal Returns ◽

Candidate Country ◽

The European Union ◽

Political Events ◽

Before And After ◽

The Status ◽

The Impact

The objective of the research is to investigate the impact of political events – “name issue” on the Macedonian Stock Exchange (MSE). Structural changes in volatility of Macedonian capital market seems to be more a consequence of political changes, especially from the perspective of international politics and the association of the country into NATO and the European Union. The research analyzes the response of capital markets to political events. Such an event is the summit in Bucharest as the day D (03/04/2008) which certainly had an impact because of prolonged unresolved problem of the name imposed by Greece. Visa liberalization and the day of solving the status of candidate country for accession to the European Union will be discussed too. An event methodology is employed, and the results suggest that the market respond to all political events connected “name issue”. The results also indicate that there is no difference between the means of abnormal returns before and after the event. Sensitivity of the Macedonian investor related to any information connected to the word "name" is enormous. The Macedonian investor belief is that if “name” issue would be solved, regardless of possible negative real economic flows stock exchange will increase. The paper provides information regarding the effects of solving this name issue on Macedonian investor, and his expectation on this issue. But even if it is solved, the global economic crises and difficult economic situation in Macedonia especially this situation will be temporary and due to low liquidity, foreigners may use local optimism to sell their shares.

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European Banking System - Before and After Brexit -

Studies in Business and Economics ◽

10.2478/sbe-2021-0035 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 218-229

Author(s):

Loana Sbârcea ◽

Cristina Bătuşaru

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Great Britain ◽

Banking System ◽

Eu Enlargement ◽

The European Union ◽

European Level ◽

Before And After ◽

European Banking ◽

History Of ◽

The Impact

Abstract The history of the last 15 years has been marked by many events at European level, some which led to the last wave of EU enlargement in 2013, with the accession of Croatia, others that led European authorities to take radical action in order to overcome the crisis of 2007-2008, and recently the pandemic crisis of 2020, and the others that marked the first contraction of the European Union since its establishment, together with the decision of Great Britain to no longer be part of the European Union, a phenomenon known as Brexit. Starting from the important role that Great Britain played in the European Union, London being a famous financial and banking center, through this paper we propose to analyze the evolution of the banking system before and after Brexit, in order to highlight the impact that the Brits’ decision had on the European Union banking system. The broad context of the impact of Brexit on the European banking system, which has effects on both British and EU banks, will also be analyzed in this paper.

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Моделювання ефективного фіскального регулювання економіки України в умовах євроінтеграції

Economics and Management ◽

10.36919/2312-7812.1.2020.45 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 45-58

Author(s):

Луценко А.С.

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Pension System ◽

Developed Countries ◽

The European Union ◽

Member States ◽

Developed Economies ◽

Eu Member States ◽

The Impact ◽

Wage Cuts ◽

Visegrad Group

The experience of fiscal regulation in the countries of the Visegrad Group (Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia), which are relatively new members of the European Union, have carried out quite large-scale consolidation of budgets under the influence of supranational fiscal regulation of the European Union. Specific features of fiscal regulation in the Visegrad Group countries and Ukraine have been identified, namely: low level of social security (compared to EU Member States with developed economies); lower level of budget expenditures to GDP of countries (compared to EU Member States with developed economies); more developed indirect taxation than developed countries. The toolkit of consolidation of budgets in the countries of the European Union is specified: measures of increase of budget revenues (increase of tax rates, expansion of the tax base, refusal of privileges and others); measures to reduce budget expenditures (reduction of public sector consumption through wage cuts and others); measures aimed at changing the pension regime (increasing the retirement age, reducing the payment of pensions); measures aimed at reforming social transfers (reduction of payments, abolition of benefits and bonuses). It is found that two approaches are usually used to determine the budgetary consolidation period of the Visegrad Group countries: a quantitative one that operates on a set of indicators that characterize the volume of fiscal impulse; narrative that relies on monitoring regulatory documents. It was determined that one of the main tools for increasing the budget revenues of the Visegrad Group countries was social payments, which are the most stable sources, which are almost independent of macroeconomic dynamics. This was the reason for the nationalization of the pension system in Hungary and Poland. The mechanism of effective fiscal regulation of the Ukrainian economy is proposed. It is argued that the objects of this mechanism of effective fiscal regulation of the economy of Ukraine are the budgetary and tax systems, and the subjects - the state, represented by bodies and services that apply the methods and instruments of fiscal regulation. The main tasks of this mechanism of effective fiscal regulation of the Ukrainian economy are outlined: balancing of budget indicators; assistance in reducing public debt; optimization of tax burden; control over the impact on GDP growth. The principles of effective fiscal regulation of the Ukrainian economy are highlighted: scientific validity; systematic; legislative regulation; continuity; efficiency; reconciliation of interests; adaptation; complexity.

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Development and Structure of the Bulgarian Export After the Country’s Accession to the EU

European Journal of Economics and Business Studies ◽

10.26417/ejes.v9i1.p147-155 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 147

Author(s):

Oleg Lozanov ◽

Stela Zhivkova

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

The European Union ◽

Negative Results ◽

Eu Membership ◽

Economic Practice ◽

Before And After ◽

Accession Process ◽

Development Structure ◽

The Impact ◽

The Eu

Nowadays the European Union includes 28 countries. The last country that has signed an accession treaty was Croatia in 2013. The previous enlargement of the Union was in 2007 when Bulgaria and Romania became members. The accession process for these two countries took some time and was related to quite a lot of changes in the economic practices of both countries. The present article reviews the changes that occur in the Bulgarian foreign economic practice, more particularly in the export activity after Bulgaria's accession to the European Union in 2007. The paper analyses the trends in the development, structure and geographical distribution of the country's export during the 10-year period of the country’s EU membership (2007-2016). The main reasons and factors for the main trends are outlined. On the basis of a detailed comparative analysis of the situation before and after the EU accession, the authors try to assess the impact of European integration on the Bulgarian export practices, highlighting both positive and negative results. The paper also elaborates specific recommendations for improvement of the competitiveness of the Bulgarian economy in the context of the country's export changes.

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THE IMPACT OF THE ASSOCIATION AGREEMENT WITH THE EU ON UKRAINE, GEORGIA, AND MOLDOVA: VAR-MODEL, MONETIZATION INDEX, CUSTOMER PRICE INDEX.

ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS ◽

10.17721/apmv.2021.148.1.59-69 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 59-69

Author(s):

S.O. Yakubovskiy ◽

◽

V.I. Seleznov ◽

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Price Index ◽

Consumer Price Index ◽

Granger Causality Test ◽

The European Union ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Causality Test ◽

Association Agreement ◽

Before And After ◽

The Impact

This article assesses the impact of the association agreement with the European Union on Georgia, Ukraine, and Moldova. The monetization index is the ratio of the money supply of the M2 aggregate to the GDP of the studied economy. The consumer price index reflects the change in the value of a certain consumer basket. This index is the ratio of the money supply of the M2 aggregate to the GDP of the analyzed economy. The article substantiates the expediency of using such particular indicators due to their monthly update and lower susceptibility to artificial manipulation. For each country, two specific time periods were selected, before and after the entry into force of the association agreement with the European Union. The time intervals were chosen to exclude abnormal events that could affect the accuracy and objectivity of the study. The data obtained were reduced to a general form through econometric transformations. For the selected time intervals, using vector autoregression and the Granger causality test, the dependences of the analyzed indicators of each country on such indicators of the euro area were determined. The dependence coefficients of the Granger causality test were compared for the time periods before and after the association agreement for each country. Based on the transformed monetization index and consumer price index, conclusions were drawn regarding the change in the degree of mutual influence of the European Union economy on the economies of the countries represented. The conclusions analyze the possible reasons for the data obtained, as well as compare the geographical and economic conditions of each country in the context of the results of the study. The impact of the association agreement with the European Union on the overall economic dependence of Georgia, Ukraine and Moldova on the European Union has been assessed. The countries actively participate in European integration. The study builds an understanding of the depth of integration of each country, as well as analyzes the dynamics of its change in recent periods.

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