Facilitative and interference effects of facial expressions on familiarity as a function of repetition priming frequency

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 945-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Peng Why ◽  
Raymond Zhiwei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Repetition Priming ◽  
Interference Effects

Music-like stimuli affect the emotional processing of words and facial expressions

2019 ◽  
pp. 030573561987580
Author(s):  
Daniel Andre Ignacio ◽  
David R Gerkens ◽  
Erick Ryan Aguinaldo ◽  
Dina Arch ◽  
Ruben Barajas
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Interference Effects ◽  
Processing Efficiency ◽  
Emotional Words ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
Predictive Relationship ◽  
Musical Sequence ◽  
Affect Processing

The present study used the affective priming paradigm to understand interference and facilitation effects of cross-modal emotional interactions; specifically, the ability for five-chord progressions to affect processing efficiency of visual targets. Twenty-five-chord progressions were selected based on the degree that they fulfilled participants’ automatically formulated expectations of how each musical sequence should sound. The current study is an extension of previous research that revealed the influence of music-like stimuli on the identification of valence in emotional words. The potential of music-like stimuli to affect emotional processing, as measured by the efficiency of valence categorization, was assessed across two experiments. Experiment 1 presented word-targets, whereas Experiment 2 presented facial expressions. The processing of words and faces primed with affectively congruent chord-progressions was facilitated, whereas the processing of words primed with affectively incongruent chord-progressions was not. Incongruent pairings with faces engendered interference effects and the second experiment revealed a predictive relationship between behavioral processing speed and self-ratings of anxiety. The processing of word-targets was compared to facial expressions in the presence and absence of music. The results suggest that short musical sequences influence individuals’ emotional processing, which could inform intervention research into how to attenuate potential attention biases.

Attention bias to faces in Asperger Syndrome: a pictorial emotion Stroop study

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 835-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRIS ASHWIN ◽  
SALLY WHEELWRIGHT ◽  
SIMON BARON-COHEN
Keyword(s):  
Asperger Syndrome ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Social Deficits ◽  
Emotional Stroop ◽  
Interference Effects ◽  
Response Latencies ◽  
Facial Stimuli ◽  
Stroop Tasks ◽  
Naming Latencies

Background. Emotional Stroop tasks have shown attention biases of clinical populations towards stimuli related to their condition. Asperger Syndrome (AS) is a neuropsychiatric condition with social and communication deficits, repetitive behaviours and narrow interests. Social deficits are particularly striking, including difficulties in understanding others.Method. We investigated colour-naming latencies of adults with and without AS to name colours of pictures containing angry facial expressions, neutral expressions or non-social objects. We tested three hypotheses: whether (1) controls show longer colour-naming latencies for angry versus neutral facial expressions with male actors, (2) people with AS show differential latencies across picture types, and (3) differential response latencies persist when photographs contain females.Results. Controls had longer latencies to pictures of male faces with angry compared to neutral expressions. The AS group did not show longer latencies to angry versus neutral expressions in male faces, instead showing slower latencies to pictures containing any facial expression compared to objects. When pictures contained females, controls no longer showed longer latencies for angry versus neutral expressions. However, the AS group still showed longer latencies to all facial picture types, compared to objects, providing further evidence that faces produce interference effects for this clinical group.Conclusions. The pictorial emotional Stroop paradigm reveals normal attention biases towards threatening emotional faces. The AS group showed Stroop interference effects to all facial stimuli regardless of expression or sex, suggesting that faces cause disproportionate interference in AS.

Some Aspects of Exelfs Analysis in the Electron Microscope

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 118-119
Author(s):  
D. E. Johnson ◽  
S. Csillag
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Interference Effects ◽  
Interatomic Distances ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Structure Information ◽  
Microanalytical Technique ◽  
Analytical Electron

Recently, the applications area of analytical electron microscopy has been extended to include the study of Extended Energy Loss Fine Structure (EXELFS). Modulations past an ionization edge in the energy loss spectrum (EXELFS), contain atomic fine structure information similar to Extended X-ray Absorbtion Fine Structure (EXAFS). At low momentum transfer the main contribution to these modulations comes from interference effects between the outgoing excited inner shell electron waves and electron waves backscattered from the surrounding atoms. The ability to obtain atomic fine structure information (such as interatomic distances) combined with the spatial resolution of an electron microscope is unique and makes EXELFS an important microanalytical technique.

Faster Choice-Reaction Times to Positive than to Negative Facial Expressions

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jukka M. Leppänen ◽  
Mirja Tenhunen ◽  
Jari K. Hietanen
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Response Selection ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Happy Face ◽  
Response Onset ◽  
Response Execution ◽  
Onset Response ◽  
Positive Stimuli ◽  
Choice Reaction Times

Abstract Several studies have shown faster choice-reaction times to positive than to negative facial expressions. The present study examined whether this effect is exclusively due to faster cognitive processing of positive stimuli (i.e., processes leading up to, and including, response selection), or whether it also involves faster motor execution of the selected response. In two experiments, response selection (onset of the lateralized readiness potential, LRP) and response execution (LRP onset-response onset) times for positive (happy) and negative (disgusted/angry) faces were examined. Shorter response selection times for positive than for negative faces were found in both experiments but there was no difference in response execution times. Together, these results suggest that the happy-face advantage occurs primarily at premotoric processing stages. Implications that the happy-face advantage may reflect an interaction between emotional and cognitive factors are discussed.

An ERP Investigation of Semantic Priming, Repetition Priming, and Negative Priming in Schizophrenic Patients

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Wagner ◽  
Lioba Baving ◽  
Patrick Berg ◽  
Rudolf Cohen ◽  
Brigitte Rockstroh
Keyword(s):  
Negative Priming ◽  
Repetition Priming ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Positive Priming ◽  
Retrieval Processes ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Late Positive Complex ◽  
Automatic Memory

The processing of attended and nonattended stimuli in schizophrenic patients was examined with event-related potentials (ERPs) in a lexical decision task. In positive semantic and repetition priming the N400 amplitude did not differ between a group of 17 medicated schizophrenic patients and a group of 20 matched healthy controls. However, negative priming affected the N400 only in controls. Reaction time effects were dissociated from these ERP effects, with patients showing stronger positive priming than controls but identical negative priming. The semantic processes related to the N400 appear to be intact in schizophrenic patients, but patients seem to incorporate less context information (about the nonattended prime) in their episodic memory traces. A stronger increase of the posterior late positive complex in parallel to the stronger positive priming in schizophrenic patients may reflect relatively stronger automatic memory retrieval processes in patients.

Comparable Modulation of the Late Positive Potential by Emotion Regulation in Younger and Older Adults

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra J. E. Langeslag ◽  
Jan W. Van Strien
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Late Positive Potential ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Apparent Discrepancy ◽  
Positive Potential ◽  
Psychophysiological Responses ◽  
Psychophysiological Measures ◽  
Emotional Pictures

It has been suggested that emotion regulation improves with aging. Here, we investigated age differences in emotion regulation by studying modulation of the late positive potential (LPP) by emotion regulation instructions. The electroencephalogram of younger (18–26 years) and older (60–77 years) adults was recorded while they viewed neutral, unpleasant, and pleasant pictures and while they were instructed to increase or decrease the feelings that the emotional pictures elicited. The LPP was enhanced when participants were instructed to increase their emotions. No age differences were observed in this emotion regulation effect, suggesting that emotion regulation abilities are unaffected by aging. This contradicts studies that measured emotion regulation by self-report, yet accords with studies that measured emotion regulation by means of facial expressions or psychophysiological responses. More research is needed to resolve the apparent discrepancy between subjective self-report and objective psychophysiological measures.

Wiser Reasoning and Less Disgust Have the Potential to Better Achieve Suicide Prevention

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Chao S. Hu ◽  
Jiajia Ji ◽  
Jinhao Huang ◽  
Zhe Feng ◽  
Dong Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Suicide Method ◽  
University Teachers ◽  
Advice Giving ◽  
Prevention Techniques

Abstract. Background: High school and university teachers need to advise students against attempting suicide, the second leading cause of death among 15–29-year-olds. Aims: To investigate the role of reasoning and emotion in advising against suicide. Method: We conducted a study with 130 students at a university that specializes in teachers' education. Participants sat in front of a camera, videotaping their advising against suicide. Three raters scored their transcribed advice on "wise reasoning" (i.e., expert forms of reasoning: considering a variety of conditions, awareness of the limitation of one's knowledge, taking others' perspectives). Four registered psychologists experienced in suicide prevention techniques rated the transcripts on the potential for suicide prevention. Finally, using the software Facereader 7.1, we analyzed participants' micro-facial expressions during advice-giving. Results: Wiser reasoning and less disgust predicted higher potential for suicide prevention. Moreover, higher potential for suicide prevention was associated with more surprise. Limitations: The actual efficacy of suicide prevention was not assessed. Conclusion: Wise reasoning and counter-stereotypic ideas that trigger surprise probably contribute to the potential for suicide prevention. This advising paradigm may help train teachers in advising students against suicide, measuring wise reasoning, and monitoring a harmful emotional reaction, that is, disgust.

Perception of Emotional Expressions in Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chit Yuen Yi ◽  
Matthew W. E. Murry ◽  
Amy L. Gentzler
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Emotion Perception ◽  
State Level ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Negative Emotionality ◽  
Basic Emotions ◽  
Perceived Intensity ◽  
Trait Level ◽  
Facial Expressions Of Emotion

Abstract. Past research suggests that transient mood influences the perception of facial expressions of emotion, but relatively little is known about how trait-level emotionality (i.e., temperament) may influence emotion perception or interact with mood in this process. Consequently, we extended earlier work by examining how temperamental dimensions of negative emotionality and extraversion were associated with the perception accuracy and perceived intensity of three basic emotions and how the trait-level temperamental effect interacted with state-level self-reported mood in a sample of 88 adults (27 men, 18–51 years of age). The results indicated that higher levels of negative mood were associated with higher perception accuracy of angry and sad facial expressions, and higher levels of perceived intensity of anger. For perceived intensity of sadness, negative mood was associated with lower levels of perceived intensity, whereas negative emotionality was associated with higher levels of perceived intensity of sadness. Overall, our findings added to the limited literature on adult temperament and emotion perception.

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