Comparable Modulation of the Late Positive Potential by Emotion Regulation in Younger and Older Adults

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra J. E. Langeslag ◽  
Jan W. Van Strien
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Late Positive Potential ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Apparent Discrepancy ◽  
Positive Potential ◽  
Psychophysiological Responses ◽  
Psychophysiological Measures ◽  
Emotional Pictures

It has been suggested that emotion regulation improves with aging. Here, we investigated age differences in emotion regulation by studying modulation of the late positive potential (LPP) by emotion regulation instructions. The electroencephalogram of younger (18–26 years) and older (60–77 years) adults was recorded while they viewed neutral, unpleasant, and pleasant pictures and while they were instructed to increase or decrease the feelings that the emotional pictures elicited. The LPP was enhanced when participants were instructed to increase their emotions. No age differences were observed in this emotion regulation effect, suggesting that emotion regulation abilities are unaffected by aging. This contradicts studies that measured emotion regulation by self-report, yet accords with studies that measured emotion regulation by means of facial expressions or psychophysiological responses. More research is needed to resolve the apparent discrepancy between subjective self-report and objective psychophysiological measures.

scholarly journals Altered emotion regulation in obsessive–compulsive disorder as evidenced by the late positive potential

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Paul ◽  
D. Simon ◽  
T. Endrass ◽  
N. Kathmann
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Late Positive Potential ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Positive Potential ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

Background.Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with marked anxiety, which triggers repetitive behaviours or mental rituals. The persistence of pathological anxiety and maladaptive strategies to reduce anxiety point to altered emotion regulation. The late positive potential (LPP) is an event-related brain potential (ERP) that reflects sustained attention to emotional stimuli and is sensitive to emotion-regulation instructions. We hypothesized that patients with OCD show altered electrocortical responses during reappraisal of stimuli triggering their symptoms.Method.To test our hypothesis, ERPs to disorder-relevant, generally aversive and neutral pictures were recorded while participants were instructed to either maintain or reduce emotional responding using cognitive distraction or cognitive reappraisal.Results.Relative to healthy controls, patients with OCD showed enhanced LPPs in response to disorder-relevant pictures, indicating their prioritized processing. While both distraction and reappraisal successfully reduced the LPP in healthy controls, patients with OCD failed to show corresponding LPP modulation during cognitive reappraisal despite successfully reduced subjective arousal ratings.Conclusions.The results point to sustained attention towards emotional stimuli during cognitive reappraisal in OCD and suggest that abnormal emotion regulation should be integrated in models of OCD.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Affective and Semantic Valence Among Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luchun Wang ◽  
Xiying Li ◽  
Zhongling Pi ◽  
Shuoqi Xiang ◽  
Xuemei Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Scores ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Late Positive Potential ◽  
Spatiotemporal Dynamics ◽  
Repeated Exposure ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Affective Valence ◽  
Positive Potential ◽  
Related Potentials

As an important dimension of emotional assessment, valence can refer to affective valence reflecting an emotional response, or semantic valence reflecting knowledge about the nature of a stimulus. A previous study has used repeated exposure to separate these two similar cognitive processes. Here, for the first time, we compared the spatiotemporal dynamics of the affective and semantic modes of valence by combining event-related potentials with repeated exposure. Forty-seven female participants were assigned to the feeling-focused and semantic-focused groups and thereafter repeatedly viewed the pictures selected for the study. Self-report behavioral results showed that post-test scores were significantly lower than pre-test scores in the feeling-focused group, while the differences between the two tests were not significant in the semantic-focused group. At the neural level, N2 amplitudes decreased and early late positive potential amplitudes increased in both groups, suggesting that the participants perceived the repeated pictures more fluently and retrieved the traces of the stimulus spontaneously regardless of the valence they judged. However, the late positive potential amplitudes in anterior areas and the activity of the middle frontal gyrus were attenuated in the feeling-focused group; however, this component in posterior areas and the activity of the precentral gyrus were increased in the semantic-focused group. Therefore, the processes of affective and semantic valence are similar in the early stages of image perception and retrieval, while in the later stage of valence judgment, these processes show different brain activation patterns. The results provide electrophysiological evidence for the differences in psychological processes when judging the two modes of valence.

scholarly journals Effect of empathy trait on attention to various facial expressions: evidence from N170 and late positive potential (LPP)

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Damee Choi ◽  
Takayuki Nishimura ◽  
Midori Motoi ◽  
Yuka Egashira ◽  
Riko Matsumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Late Positive Potential ◽  
Positive Potential

Habitual Use of Cognitive Reappraisal Is Associated With Decreased Amplitude of the Late Positive Potential (LPP) Elicited by Threatening Pictures

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil R. Harrison ◽  
Philippe Chassy
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Explicit Instruction ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Late Positive Potential ◽  
Neural Processing ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Positive Potential ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. In contrast to our knowledge about instructed emotion regulation, rather little is known about the effects of habitual (or “spontaneous”) emotion regulation on neural processing. We analyzed the relationship between everyday use of cognitive reappraisal (measured by the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, ERQ-R), and the amplitude of the late positive potential (LPP), which is sensitive to down-regulation of negative emotions via reappraisal. Participants viewed a series of neutral and threatening images, and rated them for level of threat. We found increased LPP amplitude for threatening compared to neutral pictures between 500 and 1,500 ms. Crucially, we found smaller LPP amplitudes to threatening versus neutral pictures for participants who used reappraisal more often in everyday life. This relationship between LPP amplitude and the ERQ-R was observed in the 1,000–1,500 ms interval of the LPP, over right centro-parietal electrodes. The current findings indicate that habitual tendency to use reappraisal is associated with reduced amplitude of the LPP in response to threatening pictures, in the absence of any explicit instruction to regulate emotions.

scholarly journals Neural signatures of child cognitive emotion regulation are bolstered by parental social regulation in two cultures

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 947-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Myruski ◽  
Samantha Birk ◽  
Mayumi Karasawa ◽  
Aya Kamikubo ◽  
Midori Kazama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Late Positive Potential ◽  
Social Regulation ◽  
Cognitive Emotion Regulation ◽  
Positive Potential ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Present Group ◽  
Parent Scaffolding

Abstract Caregiver impact on the efficacy of cognitive emotion regulation (ER; i.e. reappraisal) during childhood is poorly understood, particularly across cultures. We tested the hypothesis that in children from Japan and the USA, a neurocognitive signature of effective reappraisal, the late positive potential (LPP), will be bolstered by cognitive scaffolding by parents, and explored whether the two cultures differed in whether mere physical proximity of parents provides similar benefit. Five-to-seven-year-olds (N = 116; nJapan = 58; nUSA = 58) completed a directed reappraisal task (EEG-recorded) in one of three contexts: (i) parent-scaffolding, (ii) parent-present and (iii) parent-absent. Across cultures, those in the parent-scaffolding group and parent-present group showed effective reappraisal via the LPP relative to those in the parent-absent group. Results suggest that scaffolding is an effective method through which parents in these two cultures buttress child ER, and even parental passive proximity appears to have a meaningful effect on child ER across cultures.

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