Zanim złamano “Enigmę”: Polski radiowywiad podczas wojny z bolszewicką Rosją 1918-1920 [Before Enigma Was Broken: Polish Radio Signals Intelligence During the War with Bolshevik Russia 1918–1920]

In general, surface positioning using a global satellite navigation system (GNSS). Many satellites transmit radio signals to the surface of the earth and it was detected by receiver sensors into a function of position and time. Radio waves really bad when spreading in water. So, the underwater positioning uses acoustic wave. One type of underwater positioning is USBL. USBL is a positioning system based on measuring the distance and angle. Based on distance and angle, the position of the target in cartesian coordinates can be calculated. In practice, the effect of ship movement is one of the factors that determine the accuracy of the USBL system. Ship movements like a pitch, roll, and orientation that are not defined by the receiver could changes the position of the target in X, Y and Z coordinates. USBL calibration is performed to detect an error angle. USBL calibration is done by two methods. In USBL calibration Single Position obtained orientation correction value is 1.13 ̊ and a scale factor is 0.99025. For USBL Quadrant calibration, pitch correction values is -1.05, Roll -0.02 ̊, Orientation 6.82 ̊ and scale factor 0.9934 are obtained. The quadrant calibration results deccrease the level of error position to 0.276 - 0.289m at a depth of 89m and 0.432m - 0.644m at a depth of 76m

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The Peculiarities of Using a Quasi-Continuous Sounding Radio Signals in Radioacoustical Systems

Telecommunications and Radio Engineering ◽

10.1615/telecomradeng.v53.i7-8.70 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 53 (7-8) ◽

pp. 34-38

Author(s):

V. M. Kartashov ◽

I. B. Nagibin ◽

V. I. Aloykhin

Keyword(s):

Radio Signals

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VARIATIONS OF CHARACTERISTICS OF RADIO SIGNALS AT LONGER DECAMETER WAVELENGTHS PROPAGATING ALONG QUASI-VERTICAL PATHS

Radio Physics and Radio Astronomy ◽

10.1615/radiophysicsradioastronomy.v2.i3.50 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 229-245

Author(s):

K. P. Garmash ◽

S. G. Leus ◽

S. V. Panasenko ◽

L. F. Chernogor

Keyword(s):

Radio Signals

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An Acoustooptical Method of Demodulating Radio Signals

Telecommunications and Radio Engineering ◽

10.1615/telecomradeng.v54.i8-9.200 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 54 (8-9) ◽

pp. 191-198

Author(s):

Yurii Igorevich Vasil'ev

Keyword(s):

Radio Signals

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Wizardry for Air Campaigns Signals Intelligence Support to the Cockpit

10.21236/ada388826 ◽

2001 ◽

Author(s):

Gilles K. Van Nederveen

Keyword(s):

Intelligence Support ◽

Signals Intelligence

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Catching an Atom Spy: MI5 and the Investigation of Klaus Fuchs

The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0034 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 554-567

Author(s):

Timothy Gibbs

Keyword(s):

Cold War ◽

High Risk ◽

Klaus Fuchs ◽

Key Issues ◽

Successful Approach ◽

Anglo American ◽

Atomic Espionage ◽

Signals Intelligence

This article focuses on M15 organization and Klaus Fuchs, a German-born physicist and Soviet “Atom Spy” who was arrested in 1950 and served fourteen years for offences related to atomic espionage. It examines how Fuchs was identified as an “Atom Spy” in 1949 and describes the MI5's investigation, which ended in the early 1950 with the successful arrest, prosecution, and imprisonment of this highly significant Cold War figure. Key issues discussed in this article include the difficulties encountered by MI5 and the budding British atomic program in the sphere of security. It also discusses the role of Signals intelligence (SIGINT) in the investigation of Fuchs, and the high-risk but ultimately successful approach taken by MI5's key interrogator, William Skardon. This case study highlights both the unparalleled level of international intelligence cooperation between the British agencies and their American counterparts, which made the resolution of this case possible, and some of the frailties in the Anglo-American alliance that were brought to the fore by the exposure of Fuchs as an Atom Spy.

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The Troubled Inheritance: The National Security Agency and the Obama Administration

The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0015 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 241-256

Author(s):

Matthew M. Aid

Keyword(s):

Data Processing ◽

National Security ◽

Bush Administration ◽

Intelligence Community ◽

National Security Agency ◽

Obama Administration ◽

Policy Issues ◽

The U.S ◽

The Coordinator ◽

Signals Intelligence

This article discusses the National Security Agency under the Obama Administration. Upon his inauguration on January 20, 2009, Obama inherited from the Bush administration an intelligence community embroiled in political controversies. Of the sixteen agencies of the intelligence community, the National Security Agency (NSA) faced the greatest scrutiny from the new Obama administration and the Congress. NSA was the largest and the most powerful member of the U.S. intelligence community. Since its formation in 1952, NSA has managed and directed all U.S. government signals intelligence (SIGINT) collection. It is the collector and processor of communications intelligence (COMINT) and the primary processor of foreign instrumentation signals intelligence (FISINT). And since 1958, NSA has been the coordinator of the U.S. government's national electronics intelligence (ELINT) program. It has also the task of overseeing the security of the U.S. government's communications and data processing systems, and since the 1980s, NSA has managed the U.S. government's national operation security (OPSEC) program. In this article, the focus is on the challenges faced by the NSA during the Bush administration; the role played by the NSA during the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq; and the challenges faced by the Obama administration in confronting a series of thorny legal and policy issues relating to NSA's eavesdropping program.

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