Contextualizing the devaluation of homes in Black neighborhoods

City ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Bo McMillan
Keyword(s):  
Black Neighborhoods

Racial Justice and Criminal Justice

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Valls
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Racial Inequality ◽  
Racial Bias ◽  
The United States ◽  
Black Communities ◽  
Racial Justice ◽  
Black Neighborhoods

The criminal justice system in the United States both reflects racial inequality in the broader society and contributes to it. The overrepresentation of African Americans among those in prison is a result of both the conditions in poor black neighborhoods and racial bias in the criminal justice system. The American system of criminal justice today is excessively punitive, when compared to previous periods and to other countries, and its harsh treatment disproportionately harms African Americans. In addition, those released from prison face a number of obstacles to housing, employment, and other prerequisites of decent life, and the concentration of prisoners and ex-prisoners in black communities does much to perpetuate racial inequality.

Greenness and the Potential Resilience to Sexual Violence: “Your Neighborhood Is Being Neglected Because People Don’t Care. People With Power Don’t Care”

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110280
Author(s):  
Gibran C. Mancus ◽  
Andrea N. Cimino ◽  
Md Zabir Hasan ◽  
Jacquelyn C. Campbell ◽  
Phyllis Sharps ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Violent Crime ◽  
Green Space ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
The United States ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Black Communities ◽  
Black Neighborhoods

There is increasing evidence that green space in communities reduces the risk of aggression and violence, and increases wellbeing. Positive associations between green space and resilience have been found among children, older adults and university students in the United States, China and Bulgaria. Little is known about these associations among predominately Black communities with structural disadvantage. This study explored the potential community resilience in predominately Black neighborhoods with elevated violent crime and different amounts of green space. This embedded mixed-methods study started with quantitative analysis of women who self-identified as “Black and/or African American.” We found inequality in environments, including the amount of green space, traffic density, vacant property, and violent crime. This led to 10 indepth interviews representing communities with elevated crime and different amounts of green space. Emergent coding of the first 3 interviews, a subset of the 98 in the quantitative analysis, led to a priori coding of barriers and facilitators to potential green space supported community resilience applied to the final 7 interview data. Barriers were a combination of the physical and social environment, including traffic patterns, vacant property, and crime. Facilitators included subjective qualities of green space. Green spaces drew people in through community building and promoting feelings of calmness. The transformation of vacant lots into green spaces by community members affords space for people to come together and build community. Green spaces, a modifiable factor, may serve to increase community resilience and decrease the risk of violence.

scholarly journals Seeing Guns to See Urban Violence: Racial Inequality & Neighborhood Context

Daedalus ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-66
Author(s):  
David M. Hureau
Keyword(s):  
Racial Inequality ◽  
Neighborhood Context ◽  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Urban Violence ◽  
Neighborhood Violence ◽  
Background Condition ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Racial Inequalities ◽  
Black Neighborhoods ◽  
Critical Link

Abstract Guns are central to the comprehension of the racial inequalities in neighborhood violence. This may sound simple when presented so plainly. However, its significance derives from the limited consideration that the neighborhood research paradigm has given guns: they are typically conceived of as a background condition of disadvantaged neighborhoods where violence is concentrated. Instead, I argue that guns belong at the forefront of neighborhood analyses of violence. Employing the logic and language of the ecological approach, I maintain that guns must be considered as mechanisms of neighborhood violence, with the unequal distribution of guns serving as a critical link between neighborhood structural conditions and rates of violence. Furthermore, I make the case that American gun policy should be understood as a set of macrostructural forces that represent a historic and persistent source of disadvantage in poor Black neighborhoods.

Abstract 236: Gender Disparities in Bystander CPR and Defibrillation Persist in Black and Hispanic Neighborhoods in the US

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey L Blewer ◽  
Monique A Starks ◽  
Carolina Malta Hansen ◽  
Marcus E Ong ◽  
Anthony J Viera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Minority Population ◽  
Black Neighborhoods ◽  
The Us ◽  
Bystander Cpr ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Introduction: Bystander CPR (B-CPR) and defibrillation for sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) vary by gender with females being less likely to receive these interventions. Despite known differences by race and ethnicity, it is unknown whether gender disparities in B-CPR and defibrillation persist by neighborhood race and ethnicity. Objectives: We examined the likelihood of receiving B-CPR and defibrillation by gender stratified by public location and neighborhood racial/ethnic composition. We hypothesized that in public locations within Black neighborhoods, females will have a lower likelihood of receiving B-CPR compared to males. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the US Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival (CARES) registry. Neighborhoods were classified by census tract based on percent of Black or Hispanic residents using the threshold in the definition of “White flight” where Whites leave a neighborhood when it exceeds >30% of a minority population. We independently modeled the likelihood of receipt of B-CPR and defibrillation by gender stratified by public location and neighborhood racial/ethnic composition controlling for confounding variables. Results: From 2013-2018, CARES collected 350,722 US arrests; after excluding pediatric arrests, those witnessed by EMS, or those that occurred in a healthcare facility, 214,464 were included. Mean age was 64±16 and 65% were male; 39% received B-CPR, 9% received bystander defibrillation prior to 9-1-1 responders arrival, and 18% occurred in the public. In Black neighborhoods, females who had SCA in public locations were 22% less likely to receive B-CPR (OR: 0.78 (0.64-0.95), p=0.01) and 42% less likely to receive defibrillation (OR: 0.58 (0.45-0.74), p<0.01) compared to males. In Hispanic neighborhoods, females who had SCA in public locations were also less likely to receive B-CPR (OR: 0.72 (0.59-0.87), p<0.01) and less likely to receive defibrillation (OR: 0.62 (0.48-0.80), p<0.01) compared to males. Conclusion: Females with public SCA have a decreased likelihood of receiving B-CPR and defibrillation, and these findings persist in Black and Hispanic neighborhoods. This has implications for strategies to reduce disparities around bystander response to SCA.

“Army 45 Will Stop All Jive”

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean L. Malloy
Keyword(s):  
White Supremacy ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Mao Zedong ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Black Neighborhoods ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Revolutionary Nationalism ◽  
Che Guevara

This chapter argues that the key to the theory and practice of the Black Panther Party (BPP) during its early years was an understanding of urban black neighborhoods as colonized spaces that needed to be liberated before African Americans could truly be free. Drawing from Frantz Fanon, Mao Zedong, Che Guevara, and pioneering black internationalists such as Malcolm X and Robert F. Williams, the Panthers embraced a form of revolutionary nationalism that posited the dire conditions facing black Oaklanders as part of a worldwide system of oppression linked to capitalism and white supremacy. In doing so, the BPP's founders built directly on their experiences with other organizations, particularly the Revolutionary Action Movement (RAM), as well as lessons drawn from the daily lives of people of color in the Bay Area.

Before Montgomery

2019 ◽  
pp. 54-82
Author(s):  
Traci Parker
Keyword(s):  
New Deal ◽  
Department Store ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
Office Work ◽  
Department Stores ◽  
American Democracy ◽  
Black Neighborhoods ◽  
Depression Era ◽  
Black Consumer

Chapter 2 examines the rise of the department store movement in the urban North and Midwest. It begins with a look into the “Don’t Buy Where You Can’t Work” movement. The “Don’t Buy” movement built on an earlier tradition of black consumer protests and leveraged black purchasing power to secure better jobs in sales and office work in white-owned business located in urban black neighborhoods. The department store movement was an outgrowth of this Depression-era campaign. Shaped by New Deal and wartime programs, the department store movement built on the tactics, goals, and momentum of its predecessor but targeted department stores exclusively. These stores were now not only symbols of American democracy and prosperity but also inherently public spaces where all the races, gender, and classes might confront each other daily, and consequently where conflict and eventual resolution would be most visible.

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