Alcohol effects on cognitive change in middle-aged and older adults

The relationship between openness (a psychological trait of curiosity) and a cognitive change was examined in middle-aged and older adults. Participants were 2214 men and women (baseline age range: 40 to 81 years). They were tested up to seven times over approximately 13 years. Openness at the baseline was assessed by the NEO Five-Factor Inventory. Cognitive abilities were assessed at each examination using the Wechsler adult intelligence scale-revised short form, which includes information, similarities, picture completion, and digit symbol subscales. General linear mixed models comprised fixed effects of openness, age at the baseline, follow-up time, their interactions, and the covariates. The results indicated that the main effects of openness were significant for all scores. Moreover, the interaction term openness × age × time was significant for the information and similarities test scores, indicating that changes in the information and similarities scores differed depending on the level of openness and baseline age. The estimated trajectory indicated that the differences in slopes between participants with high and low openness were significant after 60 years of age for the information, and after 65 years of age for the similarities scores. It is concluded that openness has a protective effect on the decline in general knowledge and logical abstract thinking in old age.

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APOE Genotype and Cognitive Change in Young, Middle-Aged, and Older Adults Living in the Community

The Journals of Gerontology Series A ◽

10.1093/gerona/glt103 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 69 (4) ◽

pp. 379-386 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

D. Bunce ◽

A. A. M. Bielak ◽

K. J. Anstey ◽

N. Cherbuin ◽

P. J. Batterham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Apoe Genotype ◽

Cognitive Change ◽

Middle Aged

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Predictors of cognitive change in middle-aged and older adults with memory loss

American Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1176/ajp.152.12.1757 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 152 (12) ◽

pp. 1757-1764 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Memory Loss ◽

Cognitive Change ◽

Middle Aged ◽

With Memory

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Neighborhood Environments and Cognitive Decline Among Middle-Aged and Older People in China

The Journals of Gerontology Series B ◽

10.1093/geronb/gbz016 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 74 (7) ◽

pp. e60-e71 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ye Luo ◽

Lingling Zhang ◽

Xi Pan

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Older People ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Cognitive Change ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Neighborhood Environments

Abstract Objectives Despite the growing interest in the effects of neighborhood environments on cognitive function, most studies on older people are based on cross-sectional survey data from developed countries. This study examines the relationship between neighborhood environments and decline in cognitive function over time among middle-aged and older people in China and whether this relationship varies between rural and urban residents. Methods The three waves of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS 2011–2015) were used. The sample included 12,131 respondents living in 298 rural villages and 4,059 respondents living in 150 urban communities. Three-level linear growth curve models were estimated to track trajectories of cognitive change over a 4-year period. Results Chinese older people who lived in neighborhoods with more handicap access, more bus lines, employment service, and higher socioeconomic status (SES) had slower cognitive decline. Neighborhood basic infrastructures, number of days that roads were unpassable, outdoor exercise facilities, and average social activity participation were associated with baseline cognitive function in both rural and urban areas, but neighborhood environments had more impact on cognitive decline among rural older adults than urban older adults. Discussions Findings from this study call for increased infrastructure development and community building programs in rural China.

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Personality Change Profiles and Changes in Cognition Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igab046.3235 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 898-898

Author(s):

Mirjam Stieger ◽

Yujun Liu ◽

Eileen Graham ◽

Jenna DeFrancisco ◽

Margie Lachman

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Big Five ◽

Personality Trait ◽

Cognitive Change ◽

Big Five Personality Traits ◽

Personality Change ◽

Big Five Personality ◽

Middle Aged ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Previous research on the relationship between personality traits and cognitive abilities has primarily focused on cross-sectional studies or on specific personality traits in relation to selected cognitive dimensions. The present study extends existing research by exploring associations among 20-year personality change profiles and 10-year cognitive change in middle-aged and older adults. The present study included 2,652 participants of the Midlife in the United States study (MIDUS) ranging in age between 20 - 74 years (M = 46.61, SD = 11.26) at the first of the three measurement occasions. Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was used to capture profiles of change across the Big Five personality traits of extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness, and emotional stability combined. Results of the LPA identified three personality change subgroups: Decreasers, Maintainers, and Increasers. Across the 20 years, the Decreasers showed greater decreases on the Big Five personality traits, the Maintainers remained mostly stable, and the Increasers showed greater personality trait increases. Also, the Maintainers and Decreasers were significantly older than the Increasers. Longitudinal multilevel models were used to examine the relationship between these three personality change profiles and cognitive change. Age, sex, education, physical activity, functional health, and self-rated health were added as covariates. Results show that cognitive decline was greater for the Decreasers and less for the Increasers compared to the other personality change profiles. The results have implications for developing interventions to target personality trait change in middle and later adulthood as a potential means for reducing declines in cognitive functioning.

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