Weld strength and heat-affected zone size in friction welded NFA and CostE

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Brandon Scott Taysom ◽  
Tracy W. Nelson ◽  
Carl D. Sorensen ◽  
Richard DiDomizio ◽  
Shenyan Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
Weld Strength ◽  
Zone Size

A study of hybrid laser–waterjet micromachining of crystalline germanium

2016 ◽  
Vol 232 (11) ◽  
pp. 1903-1917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Zhu ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Peng Yao
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
Focal Plane ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Thermal Damage ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Zone Size ◽  
Spectroscopy Study ◽  
Micro Grooving

An experimental investigation of the cutting performance in hybrid laser–waterjet (or laser-assisted waterjet) micro-grooving of germanium wafers is presented, with a view to eliminate or minimize the laser-induced thermal damages to the workpiece. Various process parameters are considered, such as water pressure, laser pulse overlap, pulse energy and focal plane position. It is found that the hybrid laser–waterjet is a viable technology for micromachining of germanium with negligible thermal damage. A Raman spectroscopy study did not reveal any crystalline change in the material on the machined surfaces. The effects of process parameters on the heat-affected zone and groove characteristics are amply discussed. It is shown that good grooves of within 100 µm in top width and up to 300 µm in depth can be machined with high material removal rates, and the heat-affected zone size can be controlled to within 20 µm on each side of the grooves. Recommendations are also made on the appropriate process parameters that may be used in the process.

Cross-Weld Creep Comparison of Power Plant Steels CrMoV, P91 and P92

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. J. Tanner ◽  
Wei Sun ◽  
Thomas H. Hyde
Keyword(s):  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
Failure Time ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Strength Reduction ◽  
Weld Strength ◽  
Creep Tests ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Reduction Factors

Results obtained from high temperature creep tests of ferritic steel CrMoV, P91 and P92 cross-weld specimens are compared. Data are presented normalized with the results of the corresponding parent metals in order to compare the materials tested at different temperatures and stresses, and to identify characteristic cross-weld material trends. All cross-weld failures occurred in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) adjacent to the parent metal, known as type IV, at earlier test durations than for the parent material specimens. The relative performance of the cross-welds was found to decrease with decreasing stress. The CrMoV cross-weld specimens showed by far the lowest weld strength reduction factors and greatest notch strengthening, determined by testing uniaxially loaded bars with semicircular circumferential notches located in the heat-affected zone. The P91 and P92 cross-weld specimens were found to have similar (high) weld strength reduction factors and showed little or no notch strengthening. The failure time of a P92 cross-weld specimen relative to the P92 parent material could be estimated using data from P91 cross-weld and relative parent material tests.

Cross-Weld Creep Comparison of Power Plant Steels CrMoV, P91 and P92

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. J. Tanner ◽  
Wei Sun ◽  
Thomas H. Hyde
Keyword(s):  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
Failure Time ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Strength Reduction ◽  
Weld Strength ◽  
Creep Tests ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Reduction Factors

Results obtained from high temperature creep tests of ferritic steel CrMoV, P91 and P92 cross-weld specimens are compared. Data is presented normalized with the results of the corresponding parent metals in order to compare the materials tested at different temperatures and stresses, and to identify characteristic cross-weld material trends. All cross-weld failures occurred in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) adjacent to the parent metal, known as type IV, at earlier test durations than for the parent material specimens. The relative performance of the cross-welds was found to decrease with decreasing stress. The CrMoV cross-weld specimens showed by far the lowest weld strength reduction factors and greatest notch strengthening, determined by testing uniaxially loaded bars with semi-circular circumferential notches located in the heat-affected zone. The P91 and P92 cross-weld specimens were found to have similar (high) weld strength reduction factors and showed little or no notch strengthening. It was observed that the failure time of a P92 cross-weld specimen relative to the P92 parent material could be estimated using data from P91 cross-weld and relative parent material tests.

Investigations of Thermal Stresses and Deformations in Laser Microwelding Processes

Manufacturing ◽  
2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Han ◽  
Ryszard J. Pryputniewicz
Keyword(s):  
Laser Welding ◽  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Thermal Stresses ◽  
Contact Process ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Weld Strength ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Machining Processes ◽  
Laser Microwelding

Laser microwelding has become a significant industrial process, because there are many outstanding advantages in using laser welding as the bonding method over other widely used bonding technologies. As an alternative to the common adhesives or solders used for the joining process, laser welding offers a number of attractive features such as high weld strength to weld size ratio, reliability, and a minimal heat-affected zone (HAZ). These provide the benefits of low heat distortion, a non-contact process, repeatability, and ability to automate. Therefore, the applications of laser microwelding have been broadened, especially in the microelectronic and packaging industry, in recent past decades. Quality of the laser microwelding, however, depends on a number of parameters such as the characteristics of the laser beam, environmental conditions, and properties of the workpiece. Furthermore, the large temperature gradients occur during laser microwelding process leads to a high stress level, and might result in many undesirable phenomena such as the high level of residual stresses in the vicinity of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) that adversely affect the life time of the component. Numerous studies have been performed on the evaluation and prediction of the thermal stresses in laser microwelding process. However, it is very difficult to measure the thermal stresses, and to predict the magnitude and direction of thermal stress/deformation. Therefore, we develop an optical methodology, based on opto-electronic holography (OEH) technique, to measure and evaluate the thermal stresses/deformations non-destructively. In this paper, the system of OEH measurement of the thermal deformation of the laser welds will be described in details, and representative results will be included. In addition, analytical and computational models will also be developed to simulate the temperature field and thermal stresses/deformations in laser microwelding. Continued work will lead to novel measurement system for monitoring the thermal stresses/deformations during the process of laser microwelding, which will help optimizing efficient and effective laser micro-machining processes for applications in microelectronics and packaging.

Microstructure and Strength of Welded Joints of Steel after Equal-Channel Angular Pressing

2010 ◽  
Vol 667-669 ◽  
pp. 921-924
Author(s):  
Afanasiy M. Ivanov ◽  
Evgeniya P. Soshnikova ◽  
Anastasiya A. Argunova ◽  
Dmitriy Gunderov ◽  
Nurguyana D. Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Weld Metal ◽  
Equal Channel Angular Pressing ◽  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Weld Strength ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Weld Microstructure ◽  
Angular Pressing ◽  
Metal Weld ◽  
Strength And Ductility

The possibility of equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) of steel billets with welded seams, the study of the microstructure and determine the characteristics of the weld strength and ductility is investigated. Two cylindrical work pieces (20 mm) of steel St3sp obtained by welding were subjected to ECAP. Investigation of the weld microstructure was carried out for three zones: base metal, weld metal and heat affected zone. Determining results the strength and ductility characteristics of the weld in the initial state and after ECAP are presented.

scholarly journals Impact Welding of Aluminum Alloys 6061 and 5052 by Vaporizing Foil Actuators: Heat-Affected Zone Size and Peel Strength

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven R. Hansen ◽  
Anupam Vivek ◽  
Glenn S. Daehn
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
Peel Strength ◽  
Joint Interface ◽  
Zone Size ◽  
Impact Welding ◽  
Solid State Joining

Joining aluminum alloy sheets is increasingly important in manufacturing. Traditional welding techniques create a heat-affected zone (HAZ) around the joint; however, solid-state joining methods such as impact welding produce joints without significant heat. Here, electrically vaporized foil actuators (VFA) provided the high-pressure pulses needed for impact welding. 0.96 mm thick AA6061-T6 and 0.76 mm thick AA5052 were joined in lap and spotlike configurations, at a variety of impact velocities. The welds failed in coach-peel outside the joint interface. The 5052 hardened within 100 μm of the interface. The 6061-T6 may have softened slightly within 50 μm of the interface.

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