Anterior-posterior ground reaction forces across a range of running speeds in unilateral transfemoral amputees

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Sakata ◽  
Satoru Hashizume ◽  
Ryo Amma ◽  
Genki Hisano ◽  
Hiroto Murata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Transfemoral Amputees ◽  
Anterior Posterior

scholarly journals Effect of Toe Type on Static Balance in Ballet Dancers

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Momoko Kizawa ◽  
Toshito Yasuda ◽  
Hiroaki Shima ◽  
Katsunori Mori ◽  
Seiya Tsujinaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postural Stability ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Bipedal Stance ◽  
Ballet Dancers ◽  
Maximum Range ◽  
Trajectory Length ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Second Toe ◽  
Anterior Posterior

OBJECTIVES: Some forefoot shapes are ideal for pointe work in ballet. Egyptian-type, with the hallux being longest and the remaining toes decreasing in size, and Greek-type, with the second toe longer than the hallux, are considered less optimal for pointe work. Square-type, with the second toe the same length as the hallux, is considered optimal. This study compared postural stability in the bipedal stance, demi pointe, and en pointe between ballet dancers with the two toe types using a stabilometer. METHODS: This study included 25 Japanese ballet academy dancers who had received ballet lessons for at least 6 years. Toes were categorized into Egyptian-type (n=14) and square-type (n=11). Bipedal stance, demi pointe, and en pointe were tested. Center of pressure (COP) parameters were calculated from ground-reaction forces using two force plates: total trajectory length (LNG), velocities of anterior-posterior (VAP) and medial-lateral directions (VML), and maximum range displacement in the anterior-posterior (MAXAP) and medial-lateral directions (MAXML). Mann-Whitney U-tests were used to examine differences in COP parameters. RESULTS: There were no differences in parameters during bipedal stance or demi pointe. However, dancers with Egyptian-type toes had significantly greater LNG (p<0.01), VML (p=0.01), MAXML (p<0.01), and MAXAP (p=0.03) during en pointe. CONCLUSIONS: Ballet dancers with Egyptian-type toes demonstrated greater displacement in the medial-lateral and anterior-posterior directions during en pointe. Ballet dancers should be aware of toe types and sway character to optimize ballet training and balance.

scholarly journals Anterior-Posterior Ground Reaction Forces as a Measure of Paretic Leg Contribution in Hemiparetic Walking

Stroke ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 872-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark G. Bowden ◽  
Chitralakshmi K. Balasubramanian ◽  
Richard R. Neptune ◽  
Steven A. Kautz
Keyword(s):  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Anterior Posterior

scholarly journals The use of Bally-Valens-Rehab shoes to improve gait in patients following stroke

1999 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
Jan Kool ◽  
P. Oesch ◽  
U. Sloksnath ◽  
O. Knusel
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Force ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Randomised Study ◽  
Normal Gait ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Opposite Order ◽  
One Year ◽  
Anterior Posterior

A randomised study was conducted to determine the influence which the Bally-Valens-Rehab shoes may have on gait in patients following stroke. The 11 subjects were all independent ambulators who were more than one year post stroke. Measurements were performed twice in opposite order to balance order effects. The reliability of the measurements was good (r>0.97). With the Bally-Valens-Rehab shoes, velocity improved by 8,6% from an average of 0.59 to an average of 0,64 m/s (p=0.021). Step-length gained 6,2% (42,1 cm to 44,5 cm, p=0.026) and endurance improved from 119 to 126 m/3 minutes (p=0.016). Meanwhile, ground reaction forces revealed a decrease in lateral force indicating a narrower, more normal gait (p=0.059). The anterior-posterior force increased significantly (p=0.021) showing that the shoes enhance heel-rise. The measurements confirmed the subjective findings and showed that use of the Bally-Valens-Rehab shoes in stroke patients may improve gait and enhance rehabilitation.

scholarly journals The Effect of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy on Ground Reaction Forces during Straight Walking in Stroke Survivors

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirah Mustapa ◽  
Maria Justine ◽  
Nadia Mohd Mustafah ◽  
Haidzir Manaf
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lateral Forces ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Purpose. The aim of this present study was to investigate the ground reaction forces (GRFs) alterations in stroke survivors with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).Methods. Ten stroke survivors with DPN, 10 stroke survivors without DPN, and 10 healthy controls with matched body weight between groups participated in this case-control cross-sectional study. Three-dimensional GRFs (anterior-posterior, medial-lateral, and vertical) were collected at a comfortable walking speed using the Nexus Vicon motion analysis system and force plate. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to analyze GRFs parameters.Results. We found significant alterations of medial-lateral forces of the nonparetic side and vertical forces of the paretic side in stroke survivors with DPN compared to stroke survivors without DPN and healthy controls. In addition, there were smaller braking and lower propulsion peak in anterior-posterior forces, smaller magnitude of medial-lateral forces, and lower first and second peak of vertical forces in stroke survivors with DPN compared to stroke survivors without DPN and healthy controls.Conclusion. The study findings identified that GRFs were affected in stroke survivors with DPN on both the paretic and the nonparetic sides. Further investigations are warranted to explore the impact of DPN on the kinematics and muscle activity related to the gait performance in stroke survivors with DPN.

The Role of Ankle Plantarflexors in Maintaining Dynamic Balance During Human Walking

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard R. Neptune ◽  
Craig P. McGowan ◽  
Allison L. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Human Walking ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Anterior Posterior

The regulation of whole-body angular momentum is essential for maintaining dynamic balance during human walking and appears to be tightly controlled during normal and pathological movement (e.g., [1, 2]). The primary mechanism to regulate angular momentum is muscle force generation, which accelerates the body segments and generates ground reaction forces that alter angular momentum about the body’s center-of-mass to restore and maintain dynamic balance. Previous modeling studies have shown the ankle plantarflexors are important contributors to the anterior/posterior, vertical and medial/lateral ground reaction forces during human walking [3, 4], and therefore appear critical to regulating angular momentum and maintaining dynamic balance during walking.

Ground Reaction Forces During Sprinting in Unilateral Transfemoral Amputees

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 406-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Makimoto ◽  
Yoko Sano ◽  
Satoru Hashizume ◽  
Akihiko Murai ◽  
Yoshiyuki Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Lateral Force ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Transfemoral Amputation ◽  
Prosthetic Limbs ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Transfemoral Amputees ◽  
And Training

Understanding the characteristics of ground reaction forces (GRFs) on both limbs during sprinting in unilateral amputees wearing running-specific prostheses would provide important information that could be utilized in the evaluation of athletic performance and development of training methods in this population. The purpose of this study was to compare GRFs between intact and prosthetic limbs during sprinting in unilateral transfemoral amputees wearing running-specific prostheses. Nine sprinters with unilateral transfemoral amputation wearing the same type of prosthesis performed maximal sprinting on a 40-m runway. GRFs were recorded from 7 force plates placed in the center of the runway. Peak forces and impulses of the GRFs in each direction were compared between limbs. Peak forces in vertical, braking, propulsive, and medial directions were significantly greater in intact limbs than those in prosthetic limbs, whereas there were no significant differences in peak lateral force between limbs. Further, significantly less braking impulses were observed in prosthetic limbs than in intact limbs; however, the other measured impulses were not different between limbs. Therefore, the results of the present study suggest that limb-specific rehabilitation and training strategies should be developed for transfemoral amputees wearing running-specific prostheses.

scholarly journals Running ground reaction forces across footwear conditions are predicted from the motion of two body mass components

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (5) ◽  
pp. 1315-1325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew B. Udofa ◽  
Kenneth P. Clark ◽  
Laurence J. Ryan ◽  
Peter G. Weyand
Keyword(s):  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Vertical Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Time Patterns ◽  
Foot Strike ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Vertical Ground ◽  
Force Time

Although running shoes alter foot-ground reaction forces, particularly during impact, how they do so is incompletely understood. Here, we hypothesized that footwear effects on running ground reaction force-time patterns can be accurately predicted from the motion of two components of the body’s mass (mb): the contacting lower-limb (m1 = 0.08mb) and the remainder (m2 = 0.92mb). Simultaneous motion and vertical ground reaction force-time data were acquired at 1,000 Hz from eight uninstructed subjects running on a force-instrumented treadmill at 4.0 and 7.0 m/s under four footwear conditions: barefoot, minimal sole, thin sole, and thick sole. Vertical ground reaction force-time patterns were generated from the two-mass model using body mass and footfall-specific measures of contact time, aerial time, and lower-limb impact deceleration. Model force-time patterns generated using the empirical inputs acquired for each footfall matched the measured patterns closely across the four footwear conditions at both protocol speeds ( r2 = 0.96 ± 0.004; root mean squared error  = 0.17 ± 0.01 body-weight units; n = 275 total footfalls). Foot landing angles (θF) were inversely related to footwear thickness; more positive or plantar-flexed landing angles coincided with longer-impact durations and force-time patterns lacking distinct rising-edge force peaks. Our results support three conclusions: 1) running ground reaction force-time patterns across footwear conditions can be accurately predicted using our two-mass, two-impulse model, 2) impact forces, regardless of foot strike mechanics, can be accurately quantified from lower-limb motion and a fixed anatomical mass (0.08mb), and 3) runners maintain similar loading rates (ΔFvertical/Δtime) across footwear conditions by altering foot strike angle to regulate the duration of impact. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, we validate a two-mass, two-impulse model of running vertical ground reaction forces across four footwear thickness conditions (barefoot, minimal, thin, thick). Our model allows the impact portion of the impulse to be extracted from measured total ground reaction force-time patterns using motion data from the ankle. The gait adjustments observed across footwear conditions revealed that runners maintained similar loading rates across footwear conditions by altering foot strike angles to regulate the duration of impact.

scholarly journals Ground Reaction Forces of Dressage Horses Performing the Piaffe

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary Mary Clayton ◽  
Sarah Jane Hobbs
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
High Coefficient ◽  
Reaction Forces

The piaffe is an artificial, diagonally coordinated movement performed in the highest levels of dressage competition. The ground reaction forces (GRFs) of horses performing the piaffe do not appear to have been reported. Therefore, the objective of this study was to describe three-dimensional GRFs in ridden dressage horses performing the piaffe. In-ground force plates were used to capture fore and hindlimb GRF data from seven well-trained dressage horses. Peak vertical GRF was significantly higher in forelimbs than in the hindlimbs (7.39 ± 0.99 N/kg vs. 6.41 ± 0.64 N/kg; p < 0.001) with vertical impulse showing a trend toward higher forelimb values. Peak longitudinal forces were small with no difference in the magnitude of braking or propulsive forces between fore and hindlimbs. Peak transverse forces were similar in magnitude to longitudinal forces and were mostly directed medially in the hindlimbs. Both the intra- and inter-individual variability of longitudinal and transverse GRFs were high (coefficient of variation 25–68%). Compared with the other diagonal gaits of dressage horses, the vertical GRF somewhat shifted toward the hindlimbs. The high step-to-step variability of the horizontal GRF components is thought to reflect the challenge of balancing on one diagonal pair of limbs with no forward momentum.

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