A new immunosuppressive pregnane glycoside from aqueous fraction of Epigynum cochinchinensis

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (24) ◽  
pp. 2893-2899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zong Wan ◽  
Yuan-Cheng Yao ◽  
Fei Gao ◽  
Sheng-Bao Cai ◽  
Afsar Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Pregnane Glycoside

Antidepressant Activity of Ethanol Extract and Residual Aqueous Fraction of Carissa edulis (Apocynaceae) Root Bark in Mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-132
Author(s):  
Jamilu Ya’u ◽  
◽  
Sani Malami ◽  
Mohammed Abugi ◽  
Hyelnaya Ngura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Aqueous Fraction

scholarly journals Avocado-Derived Biomass: Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Potential

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Minerva C. García-Vargas ◽  
María del Mar Contreras ◽  
Irene Gómez-Cruz ◽  
Juan Miguel Romero-García ◽  
Eulogio Castro
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Nutritional Properties ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
Main Components ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Derivatives Of

Avocado has become fashionable due to its great organoleptic and nutritional properties. It is consumed as a fresh product and it is also processed to obtain salad oil and guacamole. In all cases, the only usable portion is the pulp. Therefore, to be a more sustainable and profitable agribusiness, it is important to recognize which compounds from the peel and the stone waste can be converted into valuable bio-products. Therefore, their chemical composition was determined according to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, the total phenolic content by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and the antioxidant properties by the FRAP and TEAC assays. The main components of the peel and stone were acid-insoluble lignin (35.0% and 15.3%, respectively), polymeric sugars (23.6% and 43.9%, respectively), and the aqueous extractives (15.5% and 16.9%, respectively). Both biomasses contain lipids and protein, but a minor proportion (<6%). The valorization of lignin and sugars is of interest given the high content; stones are a rich source of glucose (93.2% of the polymeric fraction), which could be used to obtain biofuels or derivatives of interest. The extractive fraction of the peel contained the highest number of phenolic compounds (4.7 g/100 g biomass), mainly concentrated in the aqueous fraction (i.e., 87%) compared to the ethanol one, which was subsequently extracted. It correlated with major antioxidant activity and, therefore, the peel can be applied to obtain antioxidants and water can be used as an environmentally friendly extraction solvent.

scholarly journals A218 A CASE REPORT OF PSEUDOHYPONATREMIA IN CHOLESTATIC LIVER DISEASE

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 250-252
Author(s):  
M Shpoliansky ◽  
B Kamath
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Transplant ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Growth Failure ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Cholestatic Liver Disease ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Direct Potentiometry

Abstract Background True hyponatremia in the setting of cholestatic liver disease may signify cirrhosis with fluid overload, and is therefore an ominous sign of deteriorating liver function. In pediatric liver transplant candidates, it is associated with increased waitlist mortality. Pseudohyponatremia however, is a falsely low measurement of plasma sodium when measured by indirect potentiometry. Pseudohyponatremia secondary to hypercholesterolemia is a phenomenon that occurs due to a reduced aqueous fraction of the plasma when levels of cholesterol or triglycerides are greatly elevated. Severe hypercholesterolemia due to Lipoprotein X accumulation may be the cause of pseudohyponatremia in biliary obstruction or cholestasis. Aims To describe a case of pseudohyponatremia secondary to hypercholesterolemia in an infant with Alagille syndrome (ALGS) and cholestatic liver disease. Methods This 7 month-old male with ALGS (confirmed JAGGED1 mutation) and severe cholestasis, failure to thrive, and pruritus, developed new-onset progressive hyponatremia as low as 121 mmol/L at an outside institution. He was therefore transferred to our center for liver transplant assessment due to concerns of progressive liver dysfunction and for management of the hyponatremia. Results Upon admission, the patient was jaundiced but euvolemic, with no evidence of ascites or peripheral edema. Laboratory work drawn at our institution showed conjugated bilirubin of 180 mmol/L, ALT 300 U/L, AST 250 U/L, and GGT 1200 U/L. INR was 1.1 and albumin of 35 g/L. The cholesterol was elevated above 16.8 mmol/L, with high triglycerides 2.68 mmol/L, and the serum appeared visibly lipemic. The sodium level was 138 mmol/L as measured by direct potentiometry due to the visible lipemia. The osmolality of 288 mmol/kg was normal with a normal osmolar gap. Urine osmolality and sodium were also normal. He underwent routine evaluation and was listed for a liver transplant due to the profound cholestasis and growth failure. Conclusions Pseudohyponatremia is an important entity to recognize when caring for patients with cholestatic liver disease and hyponatremia. Both direct potentiometry and indirect potentiometry are currently used for sodium testing in blood in biochemistry laboratories. These measurement techniques show good agreement as long as protein and lipid concentrations in blood are normal, however, hyperlipidemia is a well-recognized cause for error in sodium estimation. It is therefore imperative to evaluate apparent hyponatremia correctly, especially when the patient appears euvolemic clinically and by normal serum osmolality. In this clinical setting, pseudohyponatremia is the likely cause and a workup should be carried out to identify possible underlying etiologies, the most probable being hypercholesterolemia. Failure to recognize this phenomenon may lead to unnecessary and potentially harmful treatments and interventions. Funding Agencies None

Iloneoside: a cytotoxic ditigloylated pregnane glycoside from the leaves of Gongronema latifolium Benth

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (24) ◽  
pp. 2882-2886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gideon Ampoma Gyebi ◽  
Joseph Oluwatope Adebayo ◽  
Olufunke Esan Olorundare ◽  
Antoni Pardede ◽  
Masayuki Ninomiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnane Glycoside ◽  
Gongronema Latifolium

Catalytic steam reforming of the aqueous fraction of bio-oil using Ni-Ce/Mg-Al catalysts

2017 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 346-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Bimbela ◽  
J. Ábrego ◽  
R. Puerta ◽  
L. García ◽  
J. Arauzo
Keyword(s):  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Catalytic Steam Reforming

Isolation of the antidiarrhoeal tiliroside and its derivative from Waltheria indica leaf extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
B.A. Ayinde ◽  
J.O. Owolabi ◽  
I.S. Uti ◽  
P.C. Ogbeta ◽  
M.I. Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Silica Gel ◽  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Preparative Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Vacuum Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Ileum Contraction ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Dose Dependent

The antidiarrhoeal effect of Waltheria indica methanol extract and fractions have been reported earlier but, the present work examined the intestinal relaxant effects of two flavonoid-phenyl propanoids isolated from the methanol extract. The active aqueous fraction was subjected to vacuum liquid chromatography using dichloromethane with increasing concentration of ethyl acetate, and that of methanol and water successively. The ten (10) fractions obtained were combined to give seven (7). The fraction 2 (C, D) was subjected to preparative thin layer chromatography on silica gel GF254 (10-40μm) using CHCl3-CH3OH (8:2) to obtain compound coded F2. Fraction 4 (F) was subjected to column chromatography using silica gel (60-120μm mesh) and eluted with  dichloromethane with increasing concentrations of methanol. Fractions 9-28 were combined and subjected to column  chromatography using chloroform with increasing concentration of methanol. The fractions 1-16 of these were purified on Sephadex LH-20 to obtain compound BAA. The identities of the two compounds were established using spectroscopic methods. The  antidiarrheal effect of compound F2 was evaluated on mice using charcoal transit (100,200, 400mg/kg), castor oil (40, 60 mg/kg)  while the two compounds were examined for their inhibitory effects on Ach-induced ileum contraction. The effects of the  compounds were compared with loperamide (3mg/kg) and atropine (80μg). Compounds F2 and BAA were identified as tiliroside and 3’’’, 5’’’-dimethoxy tiliroside respectively. Tiliroside inhibited the charcoal transition in the animals in a dose dependent pattern with 400mg/ mL eliciting 63.41% inhibition compared to 59.23% produced by loperamide. The compound also elicited significantly (P<0.05) prolonged onset of stooling and reduced the number and weight of stools produced lower than the control. The two  compounds drastically inhibited the Ach-induced contractions of the ileum. The compound, tiliroside at 10mg, completely abolished  the contraction by Ach unlike 3’’’, 5’’’-dimethoxy tiliroside which reduced the contraction to 1.92% at 20mg. The identified compounds seem to be responsible for the ethnomedicinal use of the plant in treating diarrhea.

Comparative free radical scavenging and hypoglycemic activities of n-hexane, ethyl-acetate, and aqueous fractions of Azanza garckeana pulp

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Abubakar A. Yusuf ◽  
Toheeb D. Yissa ◽  
Abdulhakeem Rotimi Agboola ◽  
Sodiq M Balogun ◽  
Peter O. Adeboye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Hypoglycemic Effect ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Dpph Scavenging ◽  
Glucose Reduction

Background: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing on a global trend. The aim of the present study is to identify the most effective antioxidants and hypoglycemic fraction of Azanza garckeana. Methods: The fractions (nhexane or ethyl-acetate or aqueous) of A. garckeana were administered to the alloxan-induced diabetic rats at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg for 15 days. Antioxidants activities were evaluated at concentrations of 62.5, 125, 250, and 500 µg/mL using the DPPH scavenging assay. Results: Results revealed that both the hexane, ethyl-acetate, and aqueous fractions exhibited hypoglycemic and antioxidants activities in a dose-dependent manner. The n-hexane fraction demonstrated highest percentage DPPH scavenging effect of 26.34±3.43, 38.44±4.35, 59.34±3.45, and 74.83±5.35 at 62.5, 125, 250, and 500 µg/mL respectively. The ethyl-acetate fraction demonstrated 19.33±2.98, 28.94±3.24, 47.34±2.90, and 57.82±4.54 respectively while the aqueous fraction exhibited the least activities of 12.45±23.45, 18.64±2.94, 27.94±3.89, and 39.43±3.89 at concentrations of 62.5, 125, 250, and 500 µg/mL respectively. In addition, the n-hexane fraction demonstrated the most significant hypoglycemic effect with the highest glucose reduction of 58.97 ±3.45 %, 63.86±5.35 %, and 66.51±4.35 %, ethyl acetate fraction demonstrated glucose reduction of 7.55±0.54%, 21.77±2.35 %, and 29.56±3.46 % while the aqueous fraction demonstrated the least hypoglycemic effect of 9.89±2.67 %, 18.09±3.45 %, and 18.87±3.24 at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg bw respectively. Conclusion: The n-hexane fraction of Azanza garckeana extract could serve as a reservoir of bioactive agents that could be useful for the development of a new anti-diabetic agent

Neuropharmacological Activity of Various Fractions Obtained from Solanum aethiopicum (Linn.) Fruit in Mice.

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
A.R. Abubakar ◽  
◽  
I.H. Sani ◽  
S. Malami ◽  
A.H. Yaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Solanum Aethiopicum ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Board Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Hole Board ◽  
Hole Board Test

Background: Solanum aethiopicum (L.), family Solanaceae, is known as garden eggs. The fruit is used in the treatment of insomnia, diabetes and constipation. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate anxiolytic-like activity of fractions obtained from crude methanol extract of Solanum aethiopicum fruit. Method: Acute toxicity testing was conducted according to the OECD guidelines 420 via oral and intraperitoneal routes (ip). n-Hexane (HF), chloroform (CHF), ethyl-acetate (EAF), n-butanol (BF) and residual aqueous fraction (RAF) at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg ip were experimented using the open field, elevated plus maze, staircase, light dark box and hole-board tests. Results: Results: In open field test, there was statistically significant increase in frequency of central square entry by EAF 25mg/kg, 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg and RAF 25mg/kg, 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg all at p<0.05 compared to distilled water (D/W) group. Elevated plus maze test showed statistically significant increases in open arm entry and duration by CHF 25mg/kg, RAF 25mg/kg and 50mg/kg again at p<0.05. Also, in the staircase test, statistically significant decrease in frequency of rearing with no effect on step climbing was observed by RAF 25mg/kg (p< 0.05) compared to D/W. Light and dark box test produced increased light box entry and duration by EAF 25mg/kg, RAF 25mg/kg and 50mg/ kg at p<0.05. Furthermore, the hole -board test showed statistically significant increases in number of head dips by EAF 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg as well as RAF 25mg/kg, 50mg/kg and 100 mg/kg at p<0.05. Conclusion: The fractions obtained from Solanum aethiopicum fruits possesses anxiolytic-like activity.

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