Early disease biomarkers can be found using animal models urine proteomics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wei ◽  
Youhe Gao
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Early Disease ◽  
Disease Biomarkers ◽  
Urine Proteomics

scholarly journals Understanding the Pathophysiology of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3435
Author(s):  
Laura Gatti ◽  
Francesca Tinelli ◽  
Emma Scelzo ◽  
Francesco Arioli ◽  
Giuseppe Di Fede ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy ◽  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Amyloid Angiopathy ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Disease Biomarkers ◽  
Cerebral Amyloid ◽  
Disease Stages ◽  
Spontaneous Intracerebral Haemorrhage

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), one of the main types of cerebral small vessel disease, is a major cause of spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage and an important contributor to cognitive decline in elderly patients. Despite the number of experimental in vitro studies and animal models, the pathophysiology of CAA is still largely unknown. Although several pathogenic mechanisms including an unbalance between production and clearance of amyloid beta (Aβ) protein as well as ‘the prion hypothesis’ have been invoked as possible disease triggers, they do not explain completely the disease pathogenesis. This incomplete disease knowledge limits the implementation of treatments able to prevent or halt the clinical progression. The continuous increase of CAA patients makes imperative the development of suitable experimental in vitro or animal models to identify disease biomarkers and new pharmacological treatments that could be administered in the early disease stages to prevent irreversible changes and disease progression.

Identification of Early Disease Biomarkers in 45 Months PCB-Exposed Slovak Population

Epidemiology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. S131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sisir Dutta ◽  
Somiranjan Ghosh ◽  
Shizhu Zang ◽  
Tomas Trnovec ◽  
Lubica Palkovicova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Disease ◽  
Disease Biomarkers ◽  
Slovak Population

Alzheimer's disease biomarkers: Correspondence between human studies and animal models

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 116-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan J. Sabbagh ◽  
Jefferson W. Kinney ◽  
Jeffrey L. Cummings
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Human Studies ◽  
Disease Biomarkers

scholarly journals The complex human urinary sugar profile: determinants revealed in the cross-sectional KarMeN study

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina I Mack ◽  
Christoph H Weinert ◽  
Björn Egert ◽  
Paola G Ferrario ◽  
Achim Bub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Urine ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Early Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Disease Biomarkers ◽  
Sugar Profile ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Healthy Participants

ABSTRACT Background Although sugars and sugar derivatives are an important class of metabolites involved in many physiologic processes, there is limited knowledge on their occurrence and pattern in biofluids. Objective Our aim was to obtain a comprehensive urinary sugar profile of healthy participants and to demonstrate the wide applicability and usefulness of this sugar profiling approach for nutritional as well as clinical studies. Design In the cross-sectional KarMeN study, the 24-h urine samples of 301 healthy participants on an unrestricted diet, assessed via a 24-h recall, were analyzed by a newly developed semitargeted gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) profiling method that enables the detection of known and unknown sugar compounds. Statistical analyses were performed with respect to associations of sex and diet with the urinary sugar profile. Results In total, 40 known and 15 unknown sugar compounds were detected in human urine, ranging from mono- and disaccharides, polyols, and sugar acids to currently unknown sugar-like compounds. A number of rarely analyzed sugars were found in urine samples. Maltose was found in statistically higher concentrations in the urine of women compared with men and was also associated with menopausal status. Further, a number of individual sugar compounds associated with the consumption of specific foods, such as avocado, or food groups, such as alcoholic beverages and dairy products, were identified. Conclusions We here provide data on the complex nature of the sugar profile in human urine, of which some compounds may have the potential to serve as dietary markers or early disease biomarkers. Thus, comprehensive urinary sugar profiling not only has the potential to increase our knowledge of host sugar metabolism, but can also reveal new dietary markers after consumption of individual food items, and may lead to the identification of early disease biomarkers in the future. The KarMeN study was registered at drks.de as DRKS00004890.

Reductionist thinking and animal models in neuropsychiatric research

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Baran
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Developmental Genetic ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Mechanisms Of Plasticity

AbstractReductionist thinking in neuroscience is manifest in the widespread use of animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders. Broader investigations of diverse behaviors in non-model organisms and longer-term study of the mechanisms of plasticity will yield fundamental insights into the neurobiological, developmental, genetic, and environmental factors contributing to the “massively multifactorial system networks” which go awry in mental disorders.

Inflammational Animal Models for Schizophrenia

2015 ◽  
Vol 223 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Juckel
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Microglial Activation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Synaptic Connections ◽  
Preventive Interventions ◽  
Immunological System

Abstract. Inflammational-immunological processes within the pathophysiology of schizophrenia seem to play an important role. Early signals of neurobiological changes in the embryonal phase of brain in later patients with schizophrenia might lead to activation of the immunological system, for example, of cytokines and microglial cells. Microglia then induces – via the neurotoxic activities of these cells as an overreaction – a rarification of synaptic connections in frontal and temporal brain regions, that is, reduction of the neuropil. Promising inflammational animal models for schizophrenia with high validity can be used today to mimic behavioral as well as neurobiological findings in patients, for example, the well-known neurochemical alterations of dopaminergic, glutamatergic, serotonergic, and other neurotransmitter systems. Also the microglial activation can be modeled well within one of this models, that is, the inflammational PolyI:C animal model of schizophrenia, showing a time peak in late adolescence/early adulthood. The exact mechanism, by which activated microglia cells then triggers further neurodegeneration, must now be investigated in broader detail. Thus, these animal models can be used to understand the pathophysiology of schizophrenia better especially concerning the interaction of immune activation, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. This could also lead to the development of anti-inflammational treatment options and of preventive interventions.

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