Identification of Early Disease Biomarkers in 45 Months PCB-Exposed Slovak Population

Epidemiology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. S131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sisir Dutta ◽  
Somiranjan Ghosh ◽  
Shizhu Zang ◽  
Tomas Trnovec ◽  
Lubica Palkovicova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Disease ◽  
Disease Biomarkers ◽  
Slovak Population

scholarly journals The complex human urinary sugar profile: determinants revealed in the cross-sectional KarMeN study

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina I Mack ◽  
Christoph H Weinert ◽  
Björn Egert ◽  
Paola G Ferrario ◽  
Achim Bub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Urine ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Early Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Disease Biomarkers ◽  
Sugar Profile ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Healthy Participants

ABSTRACT Background Although sugars and sugar derivatives are an important class of metabolites involved in many physiologic processes, there is limited knowledge on their occurrence and pattern in biofluids. Objective Our aim was to obtain a comprehensive urinary sugar profile of healthy participants and to demonstrate the wide applicability and usefulness of this sugar profiling approach for nutritional as well as clinical studies. Design In the cross-sectional KarMeN study, the 24-h urine samples of 301 healthy participants on an unrestricted diet, assessed via a 24-h recall, were analyzed by a newly developed semitargeted gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) profiling method that enables the detection of known and unknown sugar compounds. Statistical analyses were performed with respect to associations of sex and diet with the urinary sugar profile. Results In total, 40 known and 15 unknown sugar compounds were detected in human urine, ranging from mono- and disaccharides, polyols, and sugar acids to currently unknown sugar-like compounds. A number of rarely analyzed sugars were found in urine samples. Maltose was found in statistically higher concentrations in the urine of women compared with men and was also associated with menopausal status. Further, a number of individual sugar compounds associated with the consumption of specific foods, such as avocado, or food groups, such as alcoholic beverages and dairy products, were identified. Conclusions We here provide data on the complex nature of the sugar profile in human urine, of which some compounds may have the potential to serve as dietary markers or early disease biomarkers. Thus, comprehensive urinary sugar profiling not only has the potential to increase our knowledge of host sugar metabolism, but can also reveal new dietary markers after consumption of individual food items, and may lead to the identification of early disease biomarkers in the future. The KarMeN study was registered at drks.de as DRKS00004890.

scholarly journals Detection of Exosomes Using Total Internal Reflected Imaging Ellipsometry

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Haoyu Liu ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Gang Jin
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Surface Markers ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Disease Biomarkers ◽  
First Order ◽  
Imaging Ellipsometry ◽  
Interaction Kinetics ◽  
Membrane Bound

Exosomes are a kind of membrane-bound phospholipid nanovesicle that are secreted extensively in a variety of biological fluids. Accumulating evidence has indicated that exosomes not only communicate with cells, but also perform functional roles in physiology and pathology. In addition, exosomes have also elicited a great deal of excitement due to their potential as disease biomarkers. Therefore, requirements for sensitive methods capable of precisely and specifically determining exosomes were needed. Herein, we not only develop a sensing surface to capture exosomes but also compare two surface proteins on exosomes, which are appropriate for detecting exosome surface markers by total internal reflected imaging ellipsometry (TIRIE). Protein G and antibody were immobilized on a thin layer of golden substrate to form the biosensing surface. The bio-interaction between antibodies and exosomes was recorded by the TIRIE in real time. The distance between exosomes adhered on a surface was 44 nm ± 0.5 nm. The KD  of anti-CD9 and exosome was lower than anti-CD63 and exosome by introducing pseudo-first-order interaction kinetics, which suggested that CD9 is more suitable for exosome surface markers than CD63. The limit of detection (LOD) of TIRIE was 0.4 μg/mL. In conclusion, we have proposed a surface for the detection of exosomes based on TIRIE, which can make the detection of exosomes convenient and efficient.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Quenchbody, a Fluorescent Immunosensor

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1223
Author(s):  
Jinhua Dong ◽  
Hiroshi Ueda
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Intensity ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Antibody Fragment ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Disease Biomarkers ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Physiologically Active Substances ◽  
New Type ◽  
Antigen Antibody ◽  
Active Substances

The detection of viruses, disease biomarkers, physiologically active substances, drugs, and chemicals is of great significance in many areas of our lives. Immunodetection technology is based on the specificity and affinity of antigen–antibody reactions. Compared with other analytical methods such as liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, which requires a large and expensive instrument, immunodetection has the advantages of simplicity and good selectivity and is thus widely used in disease diagnosis and food/environmental monitoring. Quenchbody (Q-body), a new type of fluorescent immunosensor, is an antibody fragment labeled with fluorescent dyes. When the Q-body binds to its antigen, the fluorescence intensity increases. The detection of antigens by changes in fluorescence intensity is simple, easy to operate, and highly sensitive. This review comprehensively discusses the principle, construction, application, and current progress related to Q-bodies.

Case studies of rickettsiosis, anaplasmosis and Q fever in Slovak population from 2011 to 2020

Biologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Špitalská ◽  
Eva Boldišová ◽  
Katarína Palkovičová ◽  
Zuzana Sekeyová ◽  
Ľudovít Škultéty
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Slovak Population

scholarly journals The Road towards Polyclonal Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunoglobulins (Hyperimmune Serum) for Passive Immunization in COVID-19

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Daniele Focosi ◽  
Marco Tuccori ◽  
Massimo Franchini
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Passive Immunization ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Early Disease ◽  
Hyperimmune Serum ◽  
The Road ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Pros And Cons

Effective treatments specific for COVID-19 are still lacking. In the setting of passive immunotherapies based on neutralizing antibodies (nAbs), randomized controlled trials of COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein monoclonal antibodies (mAb), which have been granted emergency use authorization, have suggested benefit in early disease course (less than 72 hours from symptoms and seronegative). Meanwhile, polyclonal immunoglobulins (i.e., hyperimmune serum), derived either from CCP donations or from animals immunized with SARS-CoV-2 antigens, are likely to become the next nAb-derived candidate. We here discuss the pros and cons of hyperimmune serum versus CCP and mAb, and summarize the ongoing clinical trials of COVID-19 hyperimmune sera.

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