Tolerance of ozone and drought in common waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Grantz ◽  
Rama Paudel ◽  
Anil Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Common Waterhemp ◽  
Amaranthus Tuberculatus

scholarly journals Rapid metabolism increases the level of 2,4-D resistance at high temperature in common waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandrima Shyam ◽  
Amit J. Jhala ◽  
Greg Kruger ◽  
Mithila Jugulam
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Common Waterhemp ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Broad Leaf ◽  
Amaranthus Tuberculatus ◽  
Dose Response Study

Abstract Common waterhemp emerges throughout the crop growing season in the Midwestern United States, and as a result, the seedlings are exposed to a wide range of temperature regimes. Typically, 2,4-D is used in the Midwest to control winter annual broad-leaf weeds before planting soybean and in an early post-emergence application in corn and sorghum; however, the evolution of 2,4-D-resistant common waterhemp in several Midwestern states may limit the use of 2.4-D for controlling this problem weed. Moreover, temperature is one of the crucial factors affecting weed control efficacy of 2,4-D. This research investigated the effect of temperature on efficacy of 2,4-D to control 2,4-D susceptible (WHS) and -resistant (WHR) common waterhemp. Do se-response of WHS and WHR to 2,4-D was assessed at two temperature regimes, high (HT; 34/20 °C, d/n) and low (LT; 24/10 °C, d/n). Whole plant dose response study indicated an increased level of 2,4-D resistance in WHR at HT compared to LT. Additional investigation of the physiological mechanism of this response indicated that both WHS and WHR common waterhemp plants rapidly metabolized 14C 2,4-D at HT compared to LT. In conclusion, a rapid metabolism of 2,4-D conferred increased level of resistance to 2,4-D in WHR at HT. Therefore, application of 2,4-D when temperatures are cooler can improve control of 2,4-D resistant common waterhemp.

Control of herbicide-resistant common waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus var. rudis) with pre- and post-emergence herbicides in soybean

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Vyn ◽  
C. J. Swanton ◽  
S. E. Weaver ◽  
P. H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Common Waterhemp ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Amaranthus Tuberculatus ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides ◽  
Weed Emergence

Common waterhemp was first identified in Ontario in 2002. Eight trials were conducted ove r a 3-yr period (2003-2005) at Cottam and Petrolia, Ontario to determine the efficacy of various preemergence and postemergence herbicides for the control of herbicideresistant waterhemp in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Waterhemp was resistant to the a cetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides at both locations and to the photosystem II-inhibiting herbicides at Petrolia; therefore, results varied by location. Results at Petrolia also varied across years. Waterhemp interference resulted in soybean yield losses of up to 73% in weedy versus weed-free checks. Preemergence-applied metolachlor, dimethenamid, and linuron provided greater than 80% control and metolachlor plus metribuzin 94% or greater control of waterhemp 70 d after emergence at both locations. Acifluorfen, fomesafen, imazamox plus fomesafen, and glyphosate applied postemergence resulted in 87% or greater waterhemp control 70 d after application at Cottam in 2003 and 2004 and at Petrolia in 2004; however, waterhemp control with these herbicides was only 60 to 66% at Petrolia in 2005 due to prolonged weed emergence. Multiple herbicide applications per season may be required for effective waterhemp control in soybean. Key words:

scholarly journals Target-Site Resistances to ALS and PPO Inhibitors Are Linked in Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus)

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Tranel ◽  
Chenxi Wu ◽  
Ahmed Sadeque
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Common Waterhemp ◽  
Independent Assortment ◽  
Resistance Evolution ◽  
Amaranthus Tuberculatus ◽  
Molecular Marker Analysis

It is generally expected that, in the case of multiple herbicide resistance, different resistance mechanisms within a weed will follow Mendel’s law of independent assortment. Research was conducted to investigate anecdotal observations suggesting that target site–based resistances to inhibitors of acetolactate synthase (ALS) and protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) did not follow independent assortment in common waterhemp. Cosegregation of the two resistances was observed in backcross lines (population sensitive to both herbicides as recurrent parent). Specifically, whereas 52% of backcross plants were resistant to a PPO inhibitor, this percentage increased to 92% when the backcross plants were preselected for resistance to an ALS inhibitor. Molecular marker analysis confirmed that the corresponding genes (ALSandPPX2) were genetically linked. When data from all plants analyzed were pooled, the genetic distance between the two genes was calculated to be 7.5 cM. The two genes were found to be about 195 kb apart in the recently published grain amaranth genome, explaining the observed genetic linkage. There is likely enough recombination that occurs between the linked genes to prevent the linkage from having significant implications in terms of resistance evolution. Nevertheless, documentation of the happenstance linkage between target-site genes for resistance to ALS and PPO inhibitors in waterhemp is a reminder that one should not assume distinct resistance mechanism will independently assort.

scholarly journals Control of glyphosate-resistant common waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus var rudis) with dicamba and dimethenamid-P in Ontario

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Schryver ◽  
Nader Soltani ◽  
David C. Hooker ◽  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
Patrick Tranel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Waterhemp ◽  
Amaranthus Tuberculatus

Control of Amaranthus tuberculatus var. rudis (common waterhemp) with pre and post-emergence herbicides in Zea mays L. (maize)

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1051-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua D. Vyn ◽  
Clarence J. Swanton ◽  
Susan E. Weaver ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Common Waterhemp ◽  
Amaranthus Tuberculatus

Effect of temperature on the germination of common waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus), giant foxtail (Setaria faberi), and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)

Weed Science ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon G. Leon ◽  
Allen D. Knapp ◽  
Micheal D. K. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Common Waterhemp ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Germination Temperature ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Amaranthus Tuberculatus ◽  
Response To Temperature

Common waterhemp, giant foxtail, and velvetleaf seed germination in response to temperature was studied with a two-way thermogradient plate. Seeds were maintained under dark and wet conditions at 4 C for 12 wk, and velvetleaf seeds were scarified before the experiments were conducted. The seeds were germinated at 25 different temperature treatments. Minimum and optimum temperatures for velvetleaf germination were approximately 8 and 24 C, respectively. Temperature alternation did not affect the germination of this species. The minimum germination temperature was 10 C for common waterhemp and 14 C for giant foxtail. The optimum germination of giant foxtail occurred at approximately 24 C, but common waterhemp optimum germination was variable depending on temperature alternation. Increased amplitude of the diurnal temperature alternation increased percent germination of these two species, and this was more evident at lower temperatures. In the case of common waterhemp, the temperature required to reach specific germination percentages was reduced by increasing the amplitude of the temperature alternation.

scholarly journals Metabolism of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid contributes to resistance in a common waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) population

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 2356-2362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo RA Figueiredo ◽  
Lacy J Leibhart ◽  
Zachary J Reicher ◽  
Patrick J Tranel ◽  
Scott J Nissen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Common Waterhemp ◽  
Amaranthus Tuberculatus ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

The Biology of Invasive Alien Plants in Canada. 3. Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer var. rudis (Sauer) Costea & Tardif

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihai Costea ◽  
Susan E Weaver ◽  
François J. Tardif
Keyword(s):  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Weed Biology ◽  
Common Waterhemp ◽  
Amaranthus Rudis ◽  
Amaranthus Tuberculatus ◽  
Amaranthus Spp ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Viable Seeds

This annual dioecious weed was found in 2002 and 2003 infesting soybean fields in southwestern Ontario, and it was collected in 1992 from waste places in British Columbia. It is a major weed problem in field crops in the mid-western United States, where it has become increasingly difficult to control during the past 10 yr. Morphological differences between Amaranthus tuberculatus var. rudis and var. tuberculatus are presented. A review of the biological information published is provided. Plants exhibit high phenotypic plasticity and genetic variability. Emergence is prolonged, growth rapid, and female plants produce a large number of viable seeds that contribute to a persistent seed bank. Amaranthus tuberculatus var. rudis has developed multiple resistance to triazine and acetolactate synthase- and protoporphyrinogen-inhibiting herbicides. Airborne pollen can travel significant distances and A. tuberculatus var. rudis may hybridize with other noxious Amaranthus spp. transferring herbicide resistance or other traits. Key words: Amaranthus tuberculatus var. rudis, AMATA, Amaranthus rudis, common waterhemp, weed biology, invasive alien

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