The effects of emergence timing and herbicide resistance on the ecological fitness and adaptation of common waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq) Sauer) to agricultural systems

AbstractHerbicide resistance within key driver weeds, such as common waterhemp [Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer var. rudis (Sauer) Costea and Tardif ], constrains available management options for crop production. Routine surveillance for herbicide resistance provides a mechanism to monitor the development and spread of resistant populations over time. Furthermore, the identification and quantification of resistance mechanisms at the population level can provide information that helps growers develop effective management plans. Populations of Amaranthus spp., including A. tuberculatus, redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), and Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson), were collected from 51 fields in Ohio during the 2016 growing season. Twenty-four A. tuberculatus populations were screened for resistance to the herbicides lactofen, atrazine, and glyphosate. Phenotypically resistant plants were further investigated to determine the frequency of known resistance mechanisms. Resistance to lactofen was infrequently observed throughout the populations, with 8 of 22 populations exhibiting resistant plants. Within those eight resistant populations, the ΔG210 resistance mechanism was observed in 17 of 30 phenotypically resistant plants, and the remainder lacked all known resistance mechanisms. Resistance to atrazine was observed in 12 of 15 populations; however, a target-site resistance mechanism was not observed in these populations. Resistance to glyphosate was observed in all populations. Gene amplification was the predominant glyphosate-resistance mechanism (147 of 322 plants) in the evaluated populations. The Pro-106-Ser mutation was identified in 24 plants, half of which also possessed gene amplification. In this study, molecular screening generally underestimated the phenotypically observed resistance. Continued mechanism discovery and marker development is required for improved detection of herbicide resistance through molecular assays.

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Herbicide resistance in Amaranthus tuberculatus †

Pest Management Science ◽

10.1002/ps.6048 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 77 (1) ◽

pp. 43-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Patrick J Tranel

Keyword(s):

Herbicide Resistance ◽

Amaranthus Tuberculatus

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Management Options and Factors Affecting Control of a Common Waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) Biotype Resistant to Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase-Inhibiting Herbicides

International Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1155/2012/514765 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Dana B. Harder ◽

Kelly A. Nelson ◽

Reid J. Smeda

Keyword(s):

Herbicide Resistance ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Management Options ◽

Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Common Waterhemp ◽

Control Options ◽

Amaranthus Rudis ◽

Repeated Use ◽

Herbicide Activity

Repeated use of protox-inhibiting herbicides has resulted in a common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudisSauer) biotype that survived lactofen applied up to 10 times the labeled rate. Field and greenhouse research evaluated control options for this biotype of common waterhemp. In the field, PRE applications of flumioxazin at 72 g ai ha−1, sulfentrazone at 240 g ai ha−1, and isoxaflutole at 70 g ai ha−1controlled common waterhemp >90% up to 6 weeks after treatment. POST applications of fomesafen at 330 g ai ha−1, lactofen at 220 g ai ha−1, and acifluorfen at 420 g ai ha−1resulted in <60% visual control of common waterhemp, but differences were detected among herbicides. In the greenhouse, glyphosate was the only herbicide that controlled protox resistant waterhemp. The majority of herbicide activity from POST flumioxazin, fomesafen, acifluorfen, and lactofen was from foliar placement, but control was less than 40% regardless of placement. Control of common waterhemp seeded at weekly intervals after herbicide treatment with flumioxazin, fomesafen, sulfentrazone, atrazine, and isoxaflutole exceeded 85% at 0 weeks after herbicide application (WAHA), while control with isoxaflutole was greater than 60% 6 WAHA. PRE and POST options for protox-resistant common waterhemp are available to manage herbicide resistance.

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Rapid metabolism increases the level of 2,4-D resistance at high temperature in common waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus)

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-53164-8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Chandrima Shyam ◽

Amit J. Jhala ◽

Greg Kruger ◽

Mithila Jugulam

Keyword(s):

Physiological Mechanism ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Common Waterhemp ◽

Temperature Regimes ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Wide Range ◽

Broad Leaf ◽

Amaranthus Tuberculatus ◽

Dose Response Study

Abstract Common waterhemp emerges throughout the crop growing season in the Midwestern United States, and as a result, the seedlings are exposed to a wide range of temperature regimes. Typically, 2,4-D is used in the Midwest to control winter annual broad-leaf weeds before planting soybean and in an early post-emergence application in corn and sorghum; however, the evolution of 2,4-D-resistant common waterhemp in several Midwestern states may limit the use of 2.4-D for controlling this problem weed. Moreover, temperature is one of the crucial factors affecting weed control efficacy of 2,4-D. This research investigated the effect of temperature on efficacy of 2,4-D to control 2,4-D susceptible (WHS) and -resistant (WHR) common waterhemp. Do se-response of WHS and WHR to 2,4-D was assessed at two temperature regimes, high (HT; 34/20 °C, d/n) and low (LT; 24/10 °C, d/n). Whole plant dose response study indicated an increased level of 2,4-D resistance in WHR at HT compared to LT. Additional investigation of the physiological mechanism of this response indicated that both WHS and WHR common waterhemp plants rapidly metabolized 14C 2,4-D at HT compared to LT. In conclusion, a rapid metabolism of 2,4-D conferred increased level of resistance to 2,4-D in WHR at HT. Therefore, application of 2,4-D when temperatures are cooler can improve control of 2,4-D resistant common waterhemp.

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Control of herbicide-resistant common waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus var. rudis) with pre- and post-emergence herbicides in soybean

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p06-016 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 87 (1) ◽

pp. 175-182 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

J. D. Vyn ◽

C. J. Swanton ◽

S. E. Weaver ◽

P. H. Sikkema

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Photosystem Ii ◽

Key Words ◽

Yield Losses ◽

Common Waterhemp ◽

Herbicide Resistant ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Amaranthus Tuberculatus ◽

Postemergence Herbicides ◽

Weed Emergence

Common waterhemp was first identified in Ontario in 2002. Eight trials were conducted ove r a 3-yr period (2003-2005) at Cottam and Petrolia, Ontario to determine the efficacy of various preemergence and postemergence herbicides for the control of herbicideresistant waterhemp in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Waterhemp was resistant to the a cetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides at both locations and to the photosystem II-inhibiting herbicides at Petrolia; therefore, results varied by location. Results at Petrolia also varied across years. Waterhemp interference resulted in soybean yield losses of up to 73% in weedy versus weed-free checks. Preemergence-applied metolachlor, dimethenamid, and linuron provided greater than 80% control and metolachlor plus metribuzin 94% or greater control of waterhemp 70 d after emergence at both locations. Acifluorfen, fomesafen, imazamox plus fomesafen, and glyphosate applied postemergence resulted in 87% or greater waterhemp control 70 d after application at Cottam in 2003 and 2004 and at Petrolia in 2004; however, waterhemp control with these herbicides was only 60 to 66% at Petrolia in 2005 due to prolonged weed emergence. Multiple herbicide applications per season may be required for effective waterhemp control in soybean. Key words:

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Target-Site Resistances to ALS and PPO Inhibitors Are Linked in Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus)

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-d-16-00090.1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 4-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Patrick J. Tranel ◽

Chenxi Wu ◽

Ahmed Sadeque

Keyword(s):

Resistance Mechanism ◽

Acetolactate Synthase ◽

Resistance Mechanisms ◽

Target Site ◽

Recurrent Parent ◽

Common Waterhemp ◽

Independent Assortment ◽

Resistance Evolution ◽

Amaranthus Tuberculatus ◽

Molecular Marker Analysis

It is generally expected that, in the case of multiple herbicide resistance, different resistance mechanisms within a weed will follow Mendel’s law of independent assortment. Research was conducted to investigate anecdotal observations suggesting that target site–based resistances to inhibitors of acetolactate synthase (ALS) and protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) did not follow independent assortment in common waterhemp. Cosegregation of the two resistances was observed in backcross lines (population sensitive to both herbicides as recurrent parent). Specifically, whereas 52% of backcross plants were resistant to a PPO inhibitor, this percentage increased to 92% when the backcross plants were preselected for resistance to an ALS inhibitor. Molecular marker analysis confirmed that the corresponding genes (ALSandPPX2) were genetically linked. When data from all plants analyzed were pooled, the genetic distance between the two genes was calculated to be 7.5 cM. The two genes were found to be about 195 kb apart in the recently published grain amaranth genome, explaining the observed genetic linkage. There is likely enough recombination that occurs between the linked genes to prevent the linkage from having significant implications in terms of resistance evolution. Nevertheless, documentation of the happenstance linkage between target-site genes for resistance to ALS and PPO inhibitors in waterhemp is a reminder that one should not assume distinct resistance mechanism will independently assort.

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Control of glyphosate-resistant common waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus var rudis) with dicamba and dimethenamid-P in Ontario

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.1139/cjps-2017-0052 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mike Schryver ◽

Nader Soltani ◽

David C. Hooker ◽

Darren E. Robinson ◽

Patrick Tranel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Common Waterhemp ◽

Amaranthus Tuberculatus

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Biotypes of Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) and Common Waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) are Resistant to Imazethapyr and Thifensulfuron

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00023174 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 192-195 ◽

Cited By ~ 116

Author(s):

Michael J. Horak ◽

Dallas E. Peterson

Keyword(s):

Herbicide Resistance ◽

Palmer Amaranth ◽

Amaranthus Palmeri ◽

Typical Pattern ◽

Resistance Development ◽

Common Waterhemp ◽

Herbicide Resistant ◽

Amaranthus Rudis ◽

History Of ◽

History Of Use

Seeds of suspected herbicide-resistant Palmer amaranth and common waterhemp were collected in Clay County and Douglas County, KS, respectively. An experiment was established in a greenhouse to determine if these species had developed resistance to imazethapyr and thifensulfuron. Imazethapyr was applied pre- (PRE) and postemergence (POST) at 1×, 2×, 4×, and 8× the suggested use rate (70 g/ha), and thifensulfuron was applied POST at 1×, 2×, 4×, and 8× the suggested use rate (4.5 g/ha). Both species had developed resistance to all rates of these herbicides. The occurrence of resistance at the Clay County site (Palmer amaranth) fit the typical pattern for the development of herbicide resistance, i.e., multiple applications of the same class of herbicide for several years. However, the Douglas County (common waterhemp) site had a limited history of use of ALS-inhibiting herbicides and did not follow typical models of resistance development.

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