In the details: the micro-ethics of negotiations and in-situ judgements in participatory design with marginalised children

This paper reviews the literature concerning technology used for creating and delivering accessible museum and cultural heritage sites experiences. It highlights the importance of the delivery suited for everyone from different areas of expertise, namely interaction design, pedagogical and participatory design, and it presents how recent and future artificial intelligence (AI) developments can be used for this aim, i.e.,improving and widening online and in situ accessibility. From the literature review analysis, we articulate a conceptual framework that incorporates key elements that constitute museum and cultural heritage online experiences and how these elements are related to each other. Concrete opportunities for future directions empirical research for accessibility of cultural heritage contents are suggested and further discussed.

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LEADOR: A Method for End-To-End Participatory Design of Autonomous Social Robots

Frontiers in Robotics and AI ◽

10.3389/frobt.2021.704119 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Katie Winkle ◽

Emmanuel Senft ◽

Séverin Lemaignan

Keyword(s):

Participatory Design ◽

Online Teaching ◽

Human Robot Interaction ◽

Responsible Innovation ◽

Domain Expert ◽

Wizard Of Oz ◽

Offline Programming ◽

Phases Of Development ◽

End To End

Participatory design (PD) has been used to good success in human-robot interaction (HRI) but typically remains limited to the early phases of development, with subsequent robot behaviours then being hardcoded by engineers or utilised in Wizard-of-Oz (WoZ) systems that rarely achieve autonomy. In this article, we present LEADOR (Led-by-Experts Automation and Design Of Robots), an end-to-end PD methodology for domain expert co-design, automation, and evaluation of social robot behaviour. This method starts with typical PD, working with the domain expert(s) to co-design the interaction specifications and state and action space of the robot. It then replaces the traditional offline programming or WoZ phase by an in situ and online teaching phase where the domain expert can live-program or teach the robot how to behave whilst being embedded in the interaction context. We point out that this live teaching phase can be best achieved by adding a learning component to a WoZ setup, which captures implicit knowledge of experts, as they intuitively respond to the dynamics of the situation. The robot then progressively learns an appropriate, expert-approved policy, ultimately leading to full autonomy, even in sensitive and/or ill-defined environments. However, LEADOR is agnostic to the exact technical approach used to facilitate this learning process. The extensive inclusion of the domain expert(s) in robot design represents established responsible innovation practice, lending credibility to the system both during the teaching phase and when operating autonomously. The combination of this expert inclusion with the focus on in situ development also means that LEADOR supports a mutual shaping approach to social robotics. We draw on two previously published, foundational works from which this (generalisable) methodology has been derived to demonstrate the feasibility and worth of this approach, provide concrete examples in its application, and identify limitations and opportunities when applying this framework in new environments.

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iNeighbour TV

Information Systems and Technologies for Enhancing Health and Social Care ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-3667-5.ch001 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 1-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jorge Ferraz Abreu ◽

Pedro Almeida ◽

Telmo Silva

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

User Interface ◽

Participatory Design ◽

The Elderly ◽

Recognition System ◽

Target Audience ◽

Caregiver Support ◽

Study Results ◽

User Recognition

In this chapter, the authors present the on-going work of the iNeighbour TV research project that aims to promote health care and social interaction among senior citizens, their relatives, and caregivers. The TV set was the device chosen to mediate all the action, since it is a friendly device and one with which the elderly are used to interacting. A study, conducted among the project’s target audience, using a participatory design approach is addressed in the chapter. Its purpose was to better characterize this type of users, identify relevant features, and evaluate usability and user interface requirements targeted to television (in an IPTV infrastructure). The analysis of the study results, which ensured the revision of the project’s features, is also presented along with a comprehensive description of the validated features. Some of these include automatic user recognition system, medication reminder, monitoring system (of deviations from daily patterns), caregiver support, events planning, audio calls, and a set of tools to promote community service. The chapter also focuses on the challenges to define the evaluation of the iNeighbour TV through an analysis of related projects and their lab or in situ approaches, concluding that, although the in situ methodology is more complex, it is more suitable for the iNeighbour TV project. The process of implementing a field trial with this specific target audience is revealing important challenges, but the diversity of data that it potentially provides reinforces the relevance of such an evaluation.

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The Social Life of a Barrier: A Material Ethnography of Urban Counter-terrorism

Space and Culture ◽

10.1177/1206331220985445 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 120633122098544

Author(s):

Martin Trandberg Jensen ◽

Ole B. Jensen

Keyword(s):

Social Life ◽

Participatory Design ◽

Design Thinking ◽

European City ◽

Counter Terrorism ◽

Ethnographic Approach ◽

The Social ◽

Concrete Barriers ◽

The City

In the aftermath of the truck attacks in Berlin, Nice, Paris, and Stockholm, new counter-terrorism measures are being installed in European city centers. Through an ethnographic approach, this article explores the socio-material effects triggered by the most conspicuous material responses to hostile vehicle treats: concrete barriers. We draw on the recent turn towards mobilities design thinking to address the béton barriers as more-than physical obstructions, but designed artefacts negotiated and re-appropriated in unexpected ways. Set in the context of Copenhagen, we explore how the concrete barriers reveal the social, cultural, and practical conditions of the city. By establishing a critical mobilities design-oriented understanding of counter-terrorism “in situ,” we seek to broaden out what the process of “designing out terrorism” entails and to discuss new participatory design processes for future transformations of the city in light of terrorism threats.

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Researching the Researchers: Gathering Data on Academics’ Use of Technology

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of CAIS / Actes du congrès annuel de l'ACSI ◽

10.29173/cais985 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Valerie Nesset

Keyword(s):

Participatory Design ◽

Information Science ◽

Faculty Members ◽

Design Teams ◽

It Professionals ◽

Iterative Design ◽

Use Of Technology ◽

Analyse Data ◽

Gathering Data

Bonded design, a participatory design methodology developed by information science researchers, is used as the framework for a university-wide initiative, the faculty IT liaison program, where faculty members and IT professionals work together as peers in design teams to examine and assess technologies. Bonded design met the program criteria: a limited and finite number of design sessions, opportunities to analyse data in situ to inform an iterative design process, and a framework to help two disparate groups (users and designers) to interact and collaborate with one another to generate innovative ideas for designing more userfriendly technologies.Bonded Design (BD), une méthodologie de conception participative développée par des chercheurs en sciences de l'information, est utilisée pour une initiative à l'échelle universitaire, le programme de liaison en technologies de l’information où les membres du corps professoral et les professionnels de l'informatique travaillent ensemble en tant que pairs dans des équipes de conception pour examiner et évaluer les technologies. BD répond très bien aux exigences du programme : un contexte où le temps est un facteur critique, les données collectées sont analysées in situ pour guider un processus itératif, et où deux groupes disparates de personnes ayant des domaines d'expertise différents doivent interagir pour construire un livrable qu’ils n'auraient pas pu développer seuls.

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Rendez vous with Saturn's rings

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100101885 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 75 ◽

pp. 743-759 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kerry T. Nock

Keyword(s):

Solar Energy ◽

Electric Propulsion ◽

Power Source ◽

Propulsion System ◽

Low Thrust ◽

Ring Plane ◽

The Earth ◽

Total Impulse ◽

Saturn's Rings

ABSTRACTA mission to rendezvous with the rings of Saturn is studied with regard to science rationale and instrumentation and engineering feasibility and design. Future detailedin situexploration of the rings of Saturn will require spacecraft systems with enormous propulsive capability. NASA is currently studying the critical technologies for just such a system, called Nuclear Electric Propulsion (NEP). Electric propulsion is the only technology which can effectively provide the required total impulse for this demanding mission. Furthermore, the power source must be nuclear because the solar energy reaching Saturn is only 1% of that at the Earth. An important aspect of this mission is the ability of the low thrust propulsion system to continuously boost the spacecraft above the ring plane as it spirals in toward Saturn, thus enabling scientific measurements of ring particles from only a few kilometers.

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