scholarly journals LEADOR: A Method for End-To-End Participatory Design of Autonomous Social Robots

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Winkle ◽  
Emmanuel Senft ◽  
Séverin Lemaignan
Keyword(s):  
Participatory Design ◽  
Online Teaching ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Responsible Innovation ◽  
Domain Expert ◽  
Wizard Of Oz ◽  
Offline Programming ◽  
Phases Of Development ◽  
End To End

Participatory design (PD) has been used to good success in human-robot interaction (HRI) but typically remains limited to the early phases of development, with subsequent robot behaviours then being hardcoded by engineers or utilised in Wizard-of-Oz (WoZ) systems that rarely achieve autonomy. In this article, we present LEADOR (Led-by-Experts Automation and Design Of Robots), an end-to-end PD methodology for domain expert co-design, automation, and evaluation of social robot behaviour. This method starts with typical PD, working with the domain expert(s) to co-design the interaction specifications and state and action space of the robot. It then replaces the traditional offline programming or WoZ phase by an in situ and online teaching phase where the domain expert can live-program or teach the robot how to behave whilst being embedded in the interaction context. We point out that this live teaching phase can be best achieved by adding a learning component to a WoZ setup, which captures implicit knowledge of experts, as they intuitively respond to the dynamics of the situation. The robot then progressively learns an appropriate, expert-approved policy, ultimately leading to full autonomy, even in sensitive and/or ill-defined environments. However, LEADOR is agnostic to the exact technical approach used to facilitate this learning process. The extensive inclusion of the domain expert(s) in robot design represents established responsible innovation practice, lending credibility to the system both during the teaching phase and when operating autonomously. The combination of this expert inclusion with the focus on in situ development also means that LEADOR supports a mutual shaping approach to social robotics. We draw on two previously published, foundational works from which this (generalisable) methodology has been derived to demonstrate the feasibility and worth of this approach, provide concrete examples in its application, and identify limitations and opportunities when applying this framework in new environments.

scholarly journals Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence for Designing Accessible Cultural Heritage

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 870
Author(s):  
Galena Pisoni ◽  
Natalia Díaz-Rodríguez ◽  
Hannie Gijlers ◽  
Linda Tonolli
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Interaction Design ◽  
Participatory Design ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Review Analysis

This paper reviews the literature concerning technology used for creating and delivering accessible museum and cultural heritage sites experiences. It highlights the importance of the delivery suited for everyone from different areas of expertise, namely interaction design, pedagogical and participatory design, and it presents how recent and future artificial intelligence (AI) developments can be used for this aim, i.e.,improving and widening online and in situ accessibility. From the literature review analysis, we articulate a conceptual framework that incorporates key elements that constitute museum and cultural heritage online experiences and how these elements are related to each other. Concrete opportunities for future directions empirical research for accessibility of cultural heritage contents are suggested and further discussed.

scholarly journals User-centred design of humanoid robots’ communication

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-73
Author(s):  
Sofia Thunberg ◽  
Tom Ziemke
Keyword(s):  
Mental Models ◽  
Participatory Design ◽  
Humanoid Robot ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Design Ideas

AbstractInteraction between humans and robots will benefit if people have at least a rough mental model of what a robot knows about the world and what it plans to do. But how do we design human-robot interactions to facilitate this? Previous research has shown that one can change people’s mental models of robots by manipulating the robots’ physical appearance. However, this has mostly not been done in a user-centred way, i.e. without a focus on what users need and want. Starting from theories of how humans form and adapt mental models of others, we investigated how the participatory design method, PICTIVE, can be used to generate design ideas about how a humanoid robot could communicate. Five participants went through three phases based on eight scenarios from the state-of-the-art tasks in the RoboCup@Home social robotics competition. The results indicate that participatory design can be a suitable method to generate design concepts for robots’ communication in human-robot interaction.

Influence of length and sensor positioning on acoustic time-of-flight (ToF) measurement in structural timber

Holzforschung ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 713-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Arriaga ◽  
Daniel F. Llana ◽  
Miguel Esteban ◽  
Guillermo Íñiguez-González
Keyword(s):  
Time Lag ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Apparent Velocity ◽  
Longitudinal Measurements ◽  
Dependent Property ◽  
Length Determination ◽  
End To End ◽  
Sensor Positioning

Abstract The mechanical properties of timber can be estimated from wave propagation velocity by measuring wave time-of-flight (ToF). However, a time-lag complicates the measurements, which produces an apparent velocity dependency on length and this species and instrument dependent property is also influenced by knottiness. This research is dealing with time-lag determination by different sensor positioning in situ ToF measurements. ToF longitudinal measurements were conducted on 120 90 mm×140 mm specimens of the coniferous species radiata pine, Scots pine, laricio pine and maritime pine. The following commercially available acoustic devices were used: Sylvatest Duo, USLab, and Microsecond Timer. The sensors were arranged for the measurement types “end-to-end”, “on the same surface” and “on opposite surfaces”. ToF data were obtained from the full-length (4 m) specimens and then from the same specimens shortened to 3 m, 2 m and 1 m in length. The in situ procedures of ToF are applicable for a reliable length determination independently from the time-lag (tL) and velocity. The differences observed by end-to-end measurements, with respect to velocity, are below 4.4%. A velocity correction factor can be deduced for each instrument, which is independent of species.

The South Carolina Digital Watershed: End-to-End Support for Real-Time Management of Water Resources

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 970868 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Eidson ◽  
S. T. Esswein ◽  
J. B. Gemmill ◽  
J. O. Hallstrom ◽  
T. R. Howard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Time Management ◽  
State Level ◽  
Data Streaming ◽  
The South ◽  
Core System ◽  
End To End

Water resources are under unprecedented strain. The combined effects of population growth, climate change, and rural industrialization have led to greater demand for an increasingly scarce resource. Ensuring that communities have adequate access to water—an essential requirement for community health and prosperity—requires finegrained management policies based on real-time in situ data, both environmental and hydrological. To address this requirement at the state level, we have developed the South Carolina Digital Watershed, an end-to-end system for monitoring water resources. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of the core system components: (i) in situ sensing hardware, (ii) collection and uplink facilities, (iii) data streaming middleware, and (iv) back-end repository and presentation services. We conclude by discussing key organizational and technical challenges encountered during the development process.

scholarly journals In the details: the micro-ethics of negotiations and in-situ judgements in participatory design with marginalised children

CoDesign ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katta Spiel ◽  
Emeline Brulé ◽  
Christopher Frauenberger ◽  
Gilles Bailley ◽  
Geraldine Fitzpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Participatory Design

Emergency remote teaching environment: a conceptual framework for responsive online teaching in crises

2020 ◽  
Vol 121 (5/6) ◽  
pp. 311-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clayton Whittle ◽  
Sonia Tiwari ◽  
Shulong Yan ◽  
Jeff Williams
Keyword(s):  
Participatory Design ◽  
Online Teaching ◽  
Instructional Designers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Educational Framework ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
Approach To Teaching ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Teaching Situations

Purpose This study aims to provide an educational framework for not only the emerging COVID crisis but also future emergency remote teaching environments (ERTE). Design/methodology/approach Using participatory design methodologies, this study engages K-12 teachers and professional instructional designers in a design-focused discussion. Findings This work identifies thematic elements present across multiple subject areas, school districts, learner ages and socio-economic situations. Using these themes, as well as design solutions created by our participants, the authors propose the ERTE framework. Research limitations/implications The framework presented is grounded in the experiences of a limited number of teachers, but presents a theoretically grounded approach to teaching in an emergent field. Practical implications This framework is designed for practical application for use by teachers operating in ERTE. Originality/value Though multiple online teaching frameworks exist, the ERTE framework is novel in its emphasis on shifting constants and variables rather than planned pedagogy and is specifically for use in unplanned or responsive remote teaching situations.

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