The prevalence of substance use disorders among community-based adults with legal problems in the U.S

Introduction. Substance use disorders (SUDs) are commonly associated with a variety of psychiatric disorders. Community-based studies have found a significant association between SUDs and sexual dysfunction in men, with a possible causal relation in the case of nicotine. Methods. The case records of 105 men presenting to a clinic for patients with psychosexual disorders were reviewed. Men with and without comorbid SUDs were compared in terms of demographic, clinical, and familial variables. Results. 25 of the 105 men (23.8%) had a lifetime diagnosis of SUD, and 19 (18.1%) had a current SUD. The commonest substances involved were nicotine (n = 21, 20%) and alcohol (n = 9, 9.5%). Men with comorbid SUDs were more likely to report a family history of substance dependence, particularly alcoholism. Single men with SUDs were more likely to have a comorbid mood disorder. Conclusion. SUDs, particularly nicotine and alcohol use disorders, are common comorbidities in patients with psychosexual disorders. Identifying and treating these disorders in this population are important aspects of management.

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Psychosocial Treatment Approaches for Substance Use

10.1093/med/9780190275334.003.0013 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Lynn McFarr ◽

Julie Snyder ◽

Lisa Benson ◽

Rachel Higier

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Contingency Management ◽

Psychosocial Interventions ◽

Psychosocial Treatment ◽

Community Based ◽

Theoretical Orientations ◽

Psychosocial Treatments ◽

Community Based Programs

Multiple psychosocial treatments for substance-use disorders have been studied for efficacy. A recent meta-analysis indicates that psychosocial interventions are effective across multiple types of substances used. In the case of opiates, psychosocial interventions combined with medication appear to be the most effective. Many studies further agree that psychosocial interventions are an integral and necessary part of treating substance-use disorders. Although theoretical orientations may differ across psychosocial treatments, they have several principles and practices in common. All involve talk therapy or talk in communities as a way to clarify triggers, build commitment, and improve accountability. Many also target addiction behaviors and work to develop alternative contingencies to reduce or eliminate use. Finally, targeting repeated performance (or building “chains of committed behavior”) decreases the likelihood of relapse. This chapter discusses the most frequently studied and employed psychosocial treatments for substance use including CBT, motivational interviewing, contingency management, mindfulness, and community-based programs.

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Comparative analysis of treatment conditions upon psychiatric severity levels at two years among justice involved persons

Advances in Dual Diagnosis ◽

10.1108/add-07-2015-0015 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 38-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

John M Majer ◽

Hannah M Chapman ◽

Leonard A Jason

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Residential Treatment ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Community Based ◽

Content Type ◽

Oxford House ◽

Treatment Conditions ◽

Psychiatric Severity ◽

Dual Diagnoses ◽

Severity Levels

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to compare the effects of two types of community-based, residential treatment programs among justice involved persons with dual diagnoses. Design/methodology/approach – A randomized clinical trial examined treatment conditions among justice involved persons with substance use disorders who reported high baseline levels of psychiatric severity indicative of diagnosable psychiatric comorbidity. Participants (n=39) were randomly assigned to one of three treatment conditions upon discharge from inpatient treatment for substance use disorders: a professionally staffed, integrated residential treatment setting (therapeutic community), a self-run residential setting (Oxford House), or a treatment-specific aftercare referral (usual care). Levels of psychiatric severity, a global estimate of current psychopathological problem severity, were measured at two years as the outcome. Findings – Participants randomly assigned to residential conditions reported significant reductions in psychiatric severity whereas those assigned to the usual care condition reported significant increases. There were no significant differences in psychiatric severity levels between residential conditions. Research limitations/implications – Findings suggest that cost-effective, self-run residential settings such as Oxford Houses provide benefits comparable to professionally run residential integrated treatments for justice involved persons who have dual diagnoses. Social implications – Results support the utilization of low-cost, community-based treatments for a highly marginalized population. Originality/value – Little is known about residential treatments that reduce psychiatric severity for this population. Results extend the body of knowledge regarding the effects of community-based, residential integrated treatment and the Oxford House model.

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