scholarly journals ‘I know how stressful it is to lack water!’ Exploring the lived experiences of household water insecurity among pregnant and postpartum women in western Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 649-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalean M. Collins ◽  
Patrick Mbullo Owuor ◽  
Joshua D. Miller ◽  
Godfred O. Boateng ◽  
Pauline Wekesa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Water Insecurity ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Know How ◽  
Household Water

scholarly journals A novel household water insecurity scale: Procedures and psychometric analysis among postpartum women in western Kenya

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. e0198591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godfred O. Boateng ◽  
Shalean M. Collins ◽  
Patrick Mbullo ◽  
Pauline Wekesa ◽  
Maricianah Onono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Analysis ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Water Insecurity ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Household Water

scholarly journals A Novel Household Water Insecurity Scale: Procedures and Psychometric Analysis among Postpartum Women in Western Kenya

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godfred O. Boateng ◽  
Shalean M. Collins ◽  
Patrick Mbullo ◽  
Pauline Wekesa ◽  
Maricianah Onono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Psychosocial Health ◽  
Water Insecurity ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Household Water

AbstractOur ability to measure household-level food insecurity has revealed its critical role in a range of physical, psychosocial, and health outcomes. Currently, there is no analogous, standardized instrument for quantifying household-level water insecurity, which prevents us from understanding both its prevalence and consequences. Therefore, our objectives were to develop and validate a household water insecurity scale appropriate for use in our cohort in western Kenya. We used a range of qualitative techniques to develop a preliminary set of 29 household water insecurity questions, and administered those questions at 15 and 18 months postpartum, concurrent with a suite of other survey modules. These data were complemented by data on quantity of water used and stored, and microbiological quality. Inter-item and item-total correlations were performed to reduce scale items to 20. Exploratory factor and parallel analyses were used to determine the latent factor structure; a unidimensional scale was hypothesized and tested using confirmatory factor and bifactor analyses, along with multiple statistical fit indices. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and the coefficient of stability, which produced a coefficient alpha of 0.97 at 15 and 18 months postpartum and a coefficient of stability of 0.62. Predictive, convergent and discriminant validity of the final household water insecurity scale were supported, based on relationships with food insecurity, perceived stress, per capita household water use, and time and money spent acquiring water. The resultant scale is a valid and reliable instrument. It can be used in this setting to test a range of hypotheses about the role of household water insecurity in numerous physical and psychosocial health outcomes, to identify the households most vulnerable to water insecurity, and to evaluate the effects of water-related interventions. To extend its applicability, we encourage efforts to develop a cross-culturally valid scale using robust qualitative and quantitative techniques.

scholarly journals Water Insecurity is Associated with Lack of Viral Suppression and Greater Odds of AIDS-Defining Illnesses Among Adults with HIV in Western Kenya

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason M. Nagata ◽  
Joshua D. Miller ◽  
Craig R. Cohen ◽  
Edward A. Frongillo ◽  
Elly Weke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Social Determinant ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Baseline Data ◽  
Water Insecurity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Household Water

AbstractReliable access to safe and acceptable water in sufficient quantities (i.e., water security) is important for medication adherence and limiting pathogen exposure, yet prior studies have only considered the role of food security as a social determinant of HIV-related health. Therefore, the objective of this analysis was to assess the relationships between household water insecurity and HIV-related outcomes among adults living with HIV in western Kenya (N = 716). We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from Shamba Maisha (NCT02815579), a cluster randomized controlled trial of a multisectoral agricultural and asset loan intervention. Baseline data were collected from June 2016 to December 2017. We assessed associations between water insecurity and HIV-related outcomes, adjusting for clinical and behavioral confounders, including food insecurity. Each five-unit higher household water insecurity score (range: 0–51) was associated with 1.21 higher odds of having a viral load ≥ 1000 copies/mL (95% CI 1.07, 1.36) and 1.26 higher odds of AIDS-defining illness (95% CI 1.11, 1.42). Household water insecurity was not associated with CD4 cell count (B: 0.27; 95% CI −3.59, 13.05). HIV treatment and support programs should consider assessing and addressing water insecurity in addition to food insecurity to optimize HIV outcomes.

scholarly journals A Qualitative Exploration in Causes of Water Insecurity Experiences, and Gender and Nutritional Consequences in South-Punjab, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12534
Author(s):  
Farooq Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Shahid ◽  
Yang Cao ◽  
Madeeha Gohar Qureshi ◽  
Sidra Zia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Water Insecurity ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Punjab Province ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Optimal Health ◽  
Victims Of Violence ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Qualitative Exploration

Although water insecurity has been discussed in general, its impacts on mothers’ physical and mental health, and infants’ and young children’s feeding (IYCF), has largely been ignored. This study explores household water insecurity experiences and their association with optimal health and nutrition of women and children in the Rajanpur district of Punjab Province. Using focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informants (KIIs) interviews from an area with high maternal-child malnutrition prevalence, a qualitative study was conducted to describe local experiences of water acquirement and arrangement, and of the consequences of water insecurity. The findings highlight that rural Western marginalized populations of the Rajanpur district rely on brackish, canal, or flood surface water as the water supply is absent, which intensifies mothers’ work burden and stress, and often makes them victims of violence, stigma, and sickness. Water fetching impacts women in unforeseen ways, impacting the psychosocial and physical health of mothers engaged in maternal breastfeeding. Water insecurity, originally rooted in regional disparities, compounds with gender inequities, which leads to maternal stress and child sickness. Justice in water resources is imperative and urgent in the deprived South of Punjab province for improving public health nutrition.

scholarly journals Household water insecurity, missed schooling, and the mediating role of caregiver depression in rural Uganda

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Cooper-Vince ◽  
B. Kakuhikire ◽  
D. Vorechovska ◽  
A. Q. McDonough ◽  
J. Perkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Water Insecurity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Standard Deviation Increase ◽  
Caregiver Depression ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Household Heads

BackgroundSchool attendance rates in sub-Saharan Africa are among the lowest worldwide, placing children at heightened risk for poor educational and economic outcomes. One understudied risk factor for missed schooling is household water insecurity, which is linked to depression among women and may increase children's water-fetching burden at the expense of educational activities, particularly among children of depressed caregivers. In this study conducted in rural Uganda, we assessed the association between household water insecurity and child school participation and the mediating pathways behind these associations.MethodWe conducted a population-based, cross-sectional study of female household heads (N = 257) and their children ages 5–17 (N = 551) in the rural regions surrounding the town of Mbarara, in southwestern Uganda. We used multivariable linear regressions to estimate the association between water insecurity and missed schooling. We then assessed the extent to which the association was mediated by caregiver depression.ResultsAmong children, water insecurity had a statistically significant association with the number of missed school days (a standard deviation increase in water insecurity resulted in 0.30 more missed school days in the last week). The estimated association was partially mediated by caregiver depression. When stratified by sex, this mediating pathway remained significant for boys, but not among girls.ConclusionsWater insecurity is a risk factor for missed schooling among children in rural Uganda. Caregiver depression partially mediated this relationship. Also addressing caregiver mental health in water insecure families may more fully address the needs of sub-Saharan African families and promote educational participation among youth.

scholarly journals Short and Long Term Strategies for Household Water Insecurity in Ngamiland, Botswana

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krasposy Kujinga ◽  
Gagoitseope Mmopelwa ◽  
Cornelis Vanderpost ◽  
Wellington RL Masamba
Keyword(s):  
Water Insecurity ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Short And Long Term

scholarly journals Motherhood as a Double-Edged Sword: A Phenomenological Exploration Into The Lived Experiences of Incarcerated Pregnant Women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayeh Alirezaei ◽  
Robab Latifnejad Roudsari
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Interpretive Phenomenology ◽  
Early Postpartum ◽  
Women In Prison ◽  
Women's Role ◽  
The One

Abstract BackgroundThe global number of women in prison has increased in recent years. Some of these incarcerated women experience pregnancy. Pregnancy in prison has a great impact on the experience of mothers and can affect women’s role in motherhood. This study aimed to understand the meaning of motherhood in pregnant prisoners.Methods The present qualitative research was carried out using a descriptive-interpretive phenomenology via interviews with 11 pregnant or early postpartum women in prison. The participants were purposefully selected from incarcerated pregnant women in 2020 in Iran. Six-step Van Manen’s phenomenological approach was used for data analysis.ResultThe main theme of “motherhood, as a double-edged sword"emerged from the analysis, which consisted of two sub-themes, including “Moving in a circle between togetherness and separation” and “Being subject to ambiguous and illusory thoughts”. Based on the findings, motherhood in prison is just like living in a world, which is shaky and chaotic, and mothers are confused between reaching to and separation from the child. Furthermore, they experience the anxiety and worries of motherhood, and cannot be confident regarding the future of themselves and their children.ConclusionThe experience of motherhood in prison for women was like a double-edged sword; on the one hand, they were fully immersed in motherhood feelings and emotions, which enhanced mother’s tolerance in prison, and on the other hand, the presence of child caused the aggravation of stress and anxiety.

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