scholarly journals Water Insecurity is Associated with Lack of Viral Suppression and Greater Odds of AIDS-Defining Illnesses Among Adults with HIV in Western Kenya

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason M. Nagata ◽  
Joshua D. Miller ◽  
Craig R. Cohen ◽  
Edward A. Frongillo ◽  
Elly Weke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Social Determinant ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Baseline Data ◽  
Water Insecurity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Household Water

AbstractReliable access to safe and acceptable water in sufficient quantities (i.e., water security) is important for medication adherence and limiting pathogen exposure, yet prior studies have only considered the role of food security as a social determinant of HIV-related health. Therefore, the objective of this analysis was to assess the relationships between household water insecurity and HIV-related outcomes among adults living with HIV in western Kenya (N = 716). We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from Shamba Maisha (NCT02815579), a cluster randomized controlled trial of a multisectoral agricultural and asset loan intervention. Baseline data were collected from June 2016 to December 2017. We assessed associations between water insecurity and HIV-related outcomes, adjusting for clinical and behavioral confounders, including food insecurity. Each five-unit higher household water insecurity score (range: 0–51) was associated with 1.21 higher odds of having a viral load ≥ 1000 copies/mL (95% CI 1.07, 1.36) and 1.26 higher odds of AIDS-defining illness (95% CI 1.11, 1.42). Household water insecurity was not associated with CD4 cell count (B: 0.27; 95% CI −3.59, 13.05). HIV treatment and support programs should consider assessing and addressing water insecurity in addition to food insecurity to optimize HIV outcomes.

scholarly journals A Novel Household Water Insecurity Scale: Procedures and Psychometric Analysis among Postpartum Women in Western Kenya

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godfred O. Boateng ◽  
Shalean M. Collins ◽  
Patrick Mbullo ◽  
Pauline Wekesa ◽  
Maricianah Onono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Psychosocial Health ◽  
Water Insecurity ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Household Water

AbstractOur ability to measure household-level food insecurity has revealed its critical role in a range of physical, psychosocial, and health outcomes. Currently, there is no analogous, standardized instrument for quantifying household-level water insecurity, which prevents us from understanding both its prevalence and consequences. Therefore, our objectives were to develop and validate a household water insecurity scale appropriate for use in our cohort in western Kenya. We used a range of qualitative techniques to develop a preliminary set of 29 household water insecurity questions, and administered those questions at 15 and 18 months postpartum, concurrent with a suite of other survey modules. These data were complemented by data on quantity of water used and stored, and microbiological quality. Inter-item and item-total correlations were performed to reduce scale items to 20. Exploratory factor and parallel analyses were used to determine the latent factor structure; a unidimensional scale was hypothesized and tested using confirmatory factor and bifactor analyses, along with multiple statistical fit indices. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and the coefficient of stability, which produced a coefficient alpha of 0.97 at 15 and 18 months postpartum and a coefficient of stability of 0.62. Predictive, convergent and discriminant validity of the final household water insecurity scale were supported, based on relationships with food insecurity, perceived stress, per capita household water use, and time and money spent acquiring water. The resultant scale is a valid and reliable instrument. It can be used in this setting to test a range of hypotheses about the role of household water insecurity in numerous physical and psychosocial health outcomes, to identify the households most vulnerable to water insecurity, and to evaluate the effects of water-related interventions. To extend its applicability, we encourage efforts to develop a cross-culturally valid scale using robust qualitative and quantitative techniques.

scholarly journals A novel household water insecurity scale: Procedures and psychometric analysis among postpartum women in western Kenya

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. e0198591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godfred O. Boateng ◽  
Shalean M. Collins ◽  
Patrick Mbullo ◽  
Pauline Wekesa ◽  
Maricianah Onono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Analysis ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Water Insecurity ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Household Water

scholarly journals Perencanaan Memiliki Anak pada Wanita dengan HIV Positif di Kota Semarang

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Nastiti Bandari Pratiwi ◽  
Zahroh Shaluhiyah ◽  
Antono Suryoputro
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Women With Hiv ◽  
Fertile Women

Background: Pregnant women with HIV positive is potential risk to transmit the virus to their infants. Prevention Mother to Child Transmittion (PMTCT) program is a solution for HIV women if they want to have children. However, most pregnant women detected HIV positive when they have been pregnant for more than 6 months through Provider initiated test and counselling (PITC). On the other hand, the data shows that the increasing number of HIV positive women who have been willing to have children.  This research aims to identify and examine the factors influence the plan of having children among HIV-positive women who access HIV treatment in Kariadi Hospital Semarang. Method: This study employs a quantitative research design with cross sectional approach, followed by qualitative study to explore the feeling and attitudes of women with HIV positive to plan of having children. There were 31 women involved in this study, selected with the criteria of fertile women HIV positive who have been taking antiretroviral therapy in Kariadi Hospital and willing to participate in this study. Qualitative data collected from two women who has been planning to have children. Quantitative data were analyzed by univariate, Chi-Square and multiple logistic regression. Whilst, qualitative data employ content analysis.Results: There were 16% of women with HIV positive who have been intending to have children in this study. The rest have not planned it because they worried if their pregnancy and delivery could transmit HIV to their infants. CD4 cell count, ARV access and women’s attitudes have significant correlation to the intention of having children among women with HIV positive. Comprehensive information about PMTCT and ARV were needed to deliver to fertile women with HIV positive.

scholarly journals Household water insecurity, missed schooling, and the mediating role of caregiver depression in rural Uganda

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Cooper-Vince ◽  
B. Kakuhikire ◽  
D. Vorechovska ◽  
A. Q. McDonough ◽  
J. Perkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Water Insecurity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Standard Deviation Increase ◽  
Caregiver Depression ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Household Heads

BackgroundSchool attendance rates in sub-Saharan Africa are among the lowest worldwide, placing children at heightened risk for poor educational and economic outcomes. One understudied risk factor for missed schooling is household water insecurity, which is linked to depression among women and may increase children's water-fetching burden at the expense of educational activities, particularly among children of depressed caregivers. In this study conducted in rural Uganda, we assessed the association between household water insecurity and child school participation and the mediating pathways behind these associations.MethodWe conducted a population-based, cross-sectional study of female household heads (N = 257) and their children ages 5–17 (N = 551) in the rural regions surrounding the town of Mbarara, in southwestern Uganda. We used multivariable linear regressions to estimate the association between water insecurity and missed schooling. We then assessed the extent to which the association was mediated by caregiver depression.ResultsAmong children, water insecurity had a statistically significant association with the number of missed school days (a standard deviation increase in water insecurity resulted in 0.30 more missed school days in the last week). The estimated association was partially mediated by caregiver depression. When stratified by sex, this mediating pathway remained significant for boys, but not among girls.ConclusionsWater insecurity is a risk factor for missed schooling among children in rural Uganda. Caregiver depression partially mediated this relationship. Also addressing caregiver mental health in water insecure families may more fully address the needs of sub-Saharan African families and promote educational participation among youth.

scholarly journals Food Insecurity and Cognitive Function in Middle to Older Adulthood: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 667-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muzi Na ◽  
Nan Dou ◽  
Naiwen Ji ◽  
Dixin Xie ◽  
Jie Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Older Adulthood ◽  
Global Cognitive Function

ABSTRACT Food insecurity (FI) may limit cognitive functioning during aging. The goal of this systematic review was to summarize existing evidence linking FI and general or specific cognitive functions in middle and older adulthood. A systematic search of human studies published between 1 January 2000 and 30 April 2018 was conducted in PubMed, PsycINFO, and CAB Direct. Four independent reviewers assessed the eligibility of identified articles and conducted data extraction and data quality assessment. Ten studies were included in the review, including 1 cluster-randomized controlled trial, 2 longitudinal studies, and 7 cross-sectional studies. Three studies reported the association between early-life FI experience and a global cognitive function measure. Nine studies reported later-life FI experience in relation to global or specific cognitive functions. The results suggest an adverse association between FI experienced in early or later life and global cognitive function; and between later-life FI and executive function and memory. Findings from the review are preliminary because of sparse data, heterogeneity across study populations, exposure and outcome assessments, and potential risk of bias across studies. Future studies are recommended to better understand the role of FI in cognitive function, with the goal of identifying possible critical windows for correction of FI in vulnerable subpopulations to prevent neurocognitive deficit in adulthood.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional study to measure household water insecurity and its health outcomes in urban Mexico

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e040825
Author(s):  
Wendy E Jepson ◽  
Justin Stoler ◽  
Juha Baek ◽  
Javier Morán Martínez ◽  
Felipe Javier Uribe Salas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Water Insecurity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Water

ObjectiveTo assess the links between structural and household determinants of household water insecurity and test three water insecurity measures against self-reported diarrhoea, dengue fever and perceived stress in the middle-income and low-income urban areas of Torreón, Mexico.DesignCross-sectional household survey conducted in two waves (rainy and dry seasons).Participants500 households selected via multistage cluster sample in selected communities. Socioeconomic status determined the selection of participant neighbourhoods; five were identified in low socioeconomic status neighbourhoods and five in low-medium socioeconomic status neighbourhoods. We examine how the context of urban water provision is related to a new cross-culturally valid Household Water Insecurity Experiences (HWISE) Scale.Primary outcome measuresThe HWISE Scale, self-reported diarrhoea, dengue fever and the Perceived Stress Scale.ResultsWater system intermittency (adjusted OR (AOR) 3.96, 95% CI 2.40 to 6.54, p<0.001), unpredictability (AOR 2.24, 95% CI 1.34 to 3.74, p=0.002) and the dry season (AOR 3.47, 95% CI 2.18 to 5.52, p<0.001) were structural correlates of the HWISE Scale. This study also found that the HWISE Scale was associated with two health outcomes, self-reported diarrhoea (AOR 1.09, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.15, p=0.002) and perceived stress (β=0.28, SE=0.07, t=4.30, p<0.001), but not self-reported dengue fever (AOR 1.02, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.06). A 3-item hygiene subscore and a 3-item water worry subscore were also both positively associated with self-reported diarrhoea and perceived stress.ConclusionShort-form screeners of water insecurity may be useful for assessing certain health risks by lay survey workers in settings with limited healthcare resources, particularly in lieu of more expensive microbiological tests that require specialised training and facilities.

scholarly journals ‘I know how stressful it is to lack water!’ Exploring the lived experiences of household water insecurity among pregnant and postpartum women in western Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 649-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalean M. Collins ◽  
Patrick Mbullo Owuor ◽  
Joshua D. Miller ◽  
Godfred O. Boateng ◽  
Pauline Wekesa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Water Insecurity ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Know How ◽  
Household Water

scholarly journals “When I Eat Well, I Will Be Healthy, and the Child Will Also Be Healthy”: Maternal Nutrition among HIV-Infected Women Enrolled in a Livelihood Intervention in Western Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie McDonough ◽  
Sheri D Weiser ◽  
Afkera Daniel ◽  
Elly Weke ◽  
Pauline Wekesa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Maternal And Child Health ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
And Child Health

ABSTRACT Background Food insecurity remains a major obstacle to achieving health and well-being for individuals living with HIV in western Kenya. Studies have shown that pregnant women are vulnerable to experiencing food insecurity worldwide, with significant consequences for both maternal and child health. The Shamba Maisha cluster randomized controlled trial in western Kenya (which means “farming for life” in Swahili) tested the effects of a multisectoral livelihood intervention consisting of agricultural and finance trainings, farm inputs, and a loan on health and food security among 746 farmers living with HIV in Kisumu, Homa Bay, and Migori Counties. Objectives We conducted a qualitative substudy within the Shamba Maisha trial to understand the experiences and perspectives of pregnant women living with HIV enrolled in the trial. Methods Thirty women who had experienced a pregnancy during the Shamba Maisha study period, comprising 20 women in the intervention arm and 10 women in the control arm, completed in-depth interviews using a semistructured interview guide. Results Intervention participants interviewed noted improvements in maternal nutrition compared with previous pregnancies, which they attributed to the livelihood intervention. Key identified pathways to improved nutrition included improved access to vegetables, increased variety of diet through vegetable sales, and improved nutritional awareness. Women in the intervention arm also perceived increased weight gain compared with prior pregnancies and increased strength and energy throughout pregnancy. Conclusions Livelihood interventions represent a promising solution to alleviate food insecurity for pregnant women in order to improve maternal and child health outcomes. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02815579.

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