Encapsulation of soybean meal with fats enriched in palmitic and stearic acids: effects on rumen-undegraded protein and in vitro intestinal digestibility

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Sahraei Belverdy ◽  
Ali A. Alamouti ◽  
Ali Akbar Khadem ◽  
Javier González ◽  
Maria Dolores Carro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Intestinal Digestibility

PSXIII-12 Exploring nutritional differences of canola seeds and bio-processing co-products (meals, pellets) from different processing plants/companies in Canada and China for dairy cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 461-462
Author(s):  
A Oliveira ◽  
P Yu
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Low Erucic Acid ◽  
Intestinal Digestibility

Abstract Canola was created as a low erucic acid and low glucosinolate seed, to produce high quality oil for human consumption and meal for use in livestock feed. China is an important user of Canadian canola products (seeds, oil, and meal). The extraction of the oil from the seed produces a co-product called canola meal. This meal is rich in protein and is used as a protein source in animal diets. However, differences in the characteristics of the seeds, or processing methods during oil extraction may affect the quality of this co-product. Plus, the synthesis of tissues and milk is related to the amino acids available to the animal for absorption in the small intestine. This study aimed to determine if there are significant differences in the intestinal digestibility (in vitro) of CP and DM between canola seeds and meals from different companies in Canada and to determine if there are significant differences between them in Canada and China. The three-step procedure was applied on residues from a 12-hour rumen incubation in fistulated dairy cows to estimate the intestinal digestibility of CP and DM. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) for TDDM (Total digestible dry matter) and IDP (intestinal digestibility of protein) of the meals between countries. The samples from China had higher TDDM (83.76% versus 81.53%, P = 0.018), while Canada’s had higher IDP (68.51% versus 65.28%, P = 0.016). No significant differences were observed within countries. Based on the material analyzed during this study, it is safe to affirm that there are no significant differences in the digestibility of DM and CP between Canada and China. It was concluded that the quality of the canola seeds or meals produced in both Canada and China were similar when used in dairy rations. Key words: canola seeds and bio-processing co-products (meals, pellets), nutritional differences, dairy cows

scholarly journals Effect of Varying Levels of Tannins Treatment on in vitro Degradability of Soybean Meal

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 3991-4000
Author(s):  
Bilal Chamadia ◽  
R. S. Grewal ◽  
J. S. Lamba ◽  
Jasmine Kaur ◽  
Neeraj Kashyap
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal

Effect of using cassava as an amylopectin source in low protein diets on growth performance, nitrogen efficiency and postprandial changes in plasma glucose and related hormones concentrations of growing pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junyan Zhou ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
Jianchuan Zhou ◽  
Xiangfang Zeng ◽  
Shiyan Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Efficiency ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Desire To Eat

Abstract This study was aimed to explore the effect of using cassava as an amylopectin source in low protein (LP) diets on growth performance, nitrogen efficiency and postprandial changes in plasma glucose and related hormones concentrations of growing pigs. Three animal experiments were included in the present study. Treatments included corn-soybean meal LP (Corn LP), corn-cassava-soybean meal LP (Corn + Cassava LP), and cassava-soybean meal LP (Cassava LP). The in vitro digestion proved that Corn + Cassava LP and Cassava LP diets induced more rapid starch digestion and glucose release, compared with Corn LP diet. The results of animal experiments are as follows: Cassava LP diet caused the most rapid changes in plasma glucose and relevant hormones concentrations after a meal. And it decreased the concentrations of fasting plasma insulin, glucagon, and leptin concentrations compared with other treatments (P < 0.05). These modulationes above led to a strong desire to eat and increased feed intake and then weight gain in growing pigs fed Cassava LP diet. Besides, feeding Cassava LP diet caused diarrhea, increased noxious gas release from feces, and increased concentrations of fecal isobutyrate and isovalerate (P < 0.05). Compared with Corn LP group, Corn + Cassava LP group showed significantly decreased urinary nitrogen (P < 0.05) and improved post-absorptive amino acid utilization efficiency. In conclusion, the use of cassava as an amylopectin source in LP diets could modulate glucose absorption and related gut secreted hormones secretion, subsequently strengthened the desire to eat, improved growth performance, and enhanced nitrogen efficiency in growing pigs.

scholarly journals Ruminal fermentation and digestion of cattle diets with total and partial replacement of soybean meal by a slow-release urea product

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 294-301
Author(s):  
S Gonzalez-Munoz ◽  
J Sanchez ◽  
S Lopez-Aguirre ◽  
J Vicente ◽  
J Pinos-Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
In Vitro Assay ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Dietary Substitution ◽  
Slow Release Urea

One in vitro assay and one in vivo trial with ruminally cannulated Holstein steers were conducted to evaluate the effects of a dietary substitution of soybean meal by a urea and slow-release urea source of fermentation and degradation of diets for cattle. The experimental diets consisted of the total mixed rations defined as the control with soybean meal (SBM), U (urea), SRU (slow-release urea), and SRU+U+AA (0.42% + 0.42% + 1% amino acids methionine and lysine). The dietary substitution of SBM by U or SRU reduced (P < 0.05) the total gas production (V), microbial mass and degradation at 72 h incubation under the in vitro conditions, as well as the degradation rate (c) and the total volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the rumen of the steers; however, when the dietary substitution of SBM was by U+SRU+AA, those values did not decrease. In the steers, the dietary substitution of SBM by U and SRU reduced the ruminal degradation rate and the total VFA, and increased the ammonia N, but when SBM was substituted by U+SRU+AA in the diets, these changes were not observed. No advantage of SRU over U was found. The dietary substitution of SBM by U, SRU, U+SRU+AA did not modify the molar proportion of the VFA in the rumen nor were there changes in the nutrient digestion or excretion. Both the in vitro assay and the in vivo trial indicated that replacing SBM with U or SRU increases the ruminal ammonia N concentrations and reduces the degradation rate in the rumen, although those undesirable findings were not found when the SBM was replaced by U+SRU+AA. Therefore, it is feasible to replace the SBM with a combination of urea, slow-release urea, lysine and methionine in the diet for the ruminants.

In vitro degradability of feed proteins in the rumen: use of non-rumen proteases

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 797 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Aslam Mirza ◽  
E. L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Streptomyces Griseus ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Bacterial Protease ◽  
Ruminal Protein Degradability

Various feed proteins were incubated independently with bacterial protease from Streptomyces griseus (SGP), papain (Corica papaya), and ficin (Ficus glabrata) in a simple laboratory assay to predict ruminal protein degradability. The estimates obtained from in vitro assays were compared with those obtained from an in situ analysis using synthetic fibre bags. The rate and extent of degradation in vitro using proteases from non-rumen sources differed among substrates used. A high correlation coefficient (r2 = 0.99) was observed between N-degradability from the in vitro method using SGP and in situ estimates when soybean meal was the substrate. Soybean meal nitrogen (N) was almost completely hydrolysed (0.99) in vitro. The correlation coefficients were low and variable with assays using other enzymes. The correlation coefficient was also high (r2 = 0.77–0.84) with in vitro methods using either SGP, papain, or ficin when incubated with fish meal. The N disappearance from barley in vitro was slow to moderate. The ‘b’ estimate of barley obtained with the in vitro assay was significantly (P < 0.01) lower than that observed in situ. Slower proteolysis observed in barley may possibly be linked to poor accessibility of structural proteins rather than the degradability of N per se. None of the enzymes could rank barley in the same order as the in situ method.

scholarly journals PSXII-7 In vitro ruminal and total tract digestibility of diets containing high inclusions of wet distillers grains for feedlot sheep

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 416-417
Author(s):  
Marco Túlio C Almeida ◽  
João Pedro A Bertoco ◽  
Maria Carolina G Arruda ◽  
Sérgio A G Pereira-Junior ◽  
Antonio A Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Wet Distillers Grains ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Quadratic Effects ◽  
Male Sheep

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the effects of increasing inclusion of wet distillers grains (WDG) on in vitro ruminal and total tract digestibility in feedlot sheep. Three crossbred ruminally-cannulated male sheep were used as rumen liquid donor. Treatments consisted of isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets, containing 0, 15, 30 or 45% WDG on DM basis (Control, 15WDG, 30WDG, and 45WDG, respectively). Diets were composed of sugarcane bagasse (20%) and the concentrate (80%) composed of soybean meal (except 45WDG), wheat meal, WDG (except Control), urea, limestone, and mineral-vitamin premix. In vitro digestibility of DM (IVDMD), NDF (IVNDFD), and CP (IVCPD) were performed using the Ankom-DaisyII fermenter. Ruminal digestibility was evaluated after 48h incubation (39°C) using twenty-five filter bags. After 48h, twelve filter bags remained into each jar to evaluate the total tract digestibility. For it, 40mL of 6N HCl and 8g of pepsin were added and incubated for another 24h. The post-ruminal digestibility was calculated by the difference between rumen and total tract digestibility. Data were analyzed using SAS software. Contrasts were used to determine the linear and quadratic effects of WDG inclusions, as well as the contrast Control × WDG treatments. The WDG inclusion linearly decreased the ruminal and total DM and CP digestibility and increased the post-rumen CP digestibility (P &lt; 0.05). When all treatments with WDG were evaluated against the Control, a significant effect was observed for IVDMD, with averages of 68.86 × 77.38%, 5.60 × 0.77% and 71.41 × 78.20%, and for IVCPD, with averages of 68.89 × 95.27%, 21.30 × 1.99% and 90.15 × 97.27%, respectively for rumen, post-rumen and total tract digestibility (P &lt; 0.05). The results indicate that inclusions of WDG at up to 45% in the diets for sheep reduce the ruminal and total DM utilization, however, promote a better post-rumen use of CP of diets.

scholarly journals Sunflower cake in diets for beef cattle: digestibility, kinetics and in vitro ruminal fermentation parameters

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 39492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Henrique de Tonissi e Buschinelli de Goes ◽  
Luiz Henrique Xavier da Silva ◽  
Tatiana García Díaz ◽  
Antonio Ferriani Branco ◽  
Ana Lúcia Teodoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Sunflower Cake

 The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of sunflower cake replacing soybean meal in beef cattle diets on the in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDDM), organic matter (IVDOM), crude protein (IVDCP) and the ruminal fermentation kinetics and parameters. The experiment was analyzed according to a completely randomized design. The treatments consisted of four levels of sunflower cake, 0, 200, 400, 600 g kg-1, replacing soybean meal in the concentrate of beef cattle diets. The coefficients of IVDDM, IVDOM and IVDCP presented a quadratic effect with the addition of sunflower cake. The soluble fraction (fraction B) degradation rate and total gas production decreased linearly with the inclusion of sunflower cake. Values of pH in ruminal fluid were higher for levels 0, 200 and 600 g kg-1 sunflower cake. Sunflower cake can replace soybean meal by up to 280 g kg-1 in the concentrate of beef cattle diets, improving the in vitro digestibility of dry matter organic, matter and crude protein. Levels above 400 g kg-1 reduce ruminal digestion rate, digestibility and release of final fermentation products. 

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