Real time sea level data transmission from tide gauges for tsunami monitoring and long term sea level rise observations

The Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level (PSMSL) is the global databank for long-term mean sea level data and is a member of the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS) Bureau of Networks and Observations. As well as curating long-term sea level change information from tide gauges, PSMSL is also involved in developing other products and services including the automatic quality control of near real-time sea level data, distributing Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) sea level data and advising on sea level metadata development. At the GGOS Days meeting in November 2019, the GGOS Focus Area 3 on Sea Level Change, Variability and Forecasting was wrapped up, but there is still a requirement in 2020 for GGOS to integrate and support tide gauges and we will discuss how we will interact in the future. A recent paper (Ponte et al., 2019) identified that only &#8220;29% of the GLOSS [Global Sea Level Observing System] GNSS-co-located tide gauges have a geodetic tie available at SONEL [Syst&#232;me d'Observation du Niveau des Eaux Littorales]&#8221; and we as a community still need to improve the ties between the GNSS sensor and tide gauges. This may progress as new GNSS Interferometric Reflectometry (GNSS-IR) sensors are installed to provide an alternative method to observe sea level. As well as recording the sea level, these sensors will also provide vertical land movement information from one location. PSMSL are currently developing an online portal of uplift/subsidence land data and GNSS-IR sea level observation data. To distribute the data, we are creating/populating controlled vocabularies and generating discovery metadata. We are working towards FAIR data management principles (data are findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable) which will improve the flow of quality controlled sea level data and in 2020 we will issue the PSMSL dataset with a Digital Object Identifier. We have been working on improving our discovery and descriptive metadata including creating a use case for the Research Data Alliance Persistent (RDA) Identification of Instruments Working Group to help improve the description of a time series where the sensor and platform may change and move many times. Representatives from PSMSL will sit on the GGOS DOIs for Data Working Group and would like to contribute help with controlled vocabularies, identifying metadata standards etc. We will also contribute to the next GGOS implementation plan. Ponte, Rui M., et al. (2019) "Towards comprehensive observing and modeling systems for monitoring and predicting regional to coastal sea level." Frontiers in Marine Science 6(437).

Download Full-text

Quality Control of Real-Time Water Level Data: The U.S. IOOS® QARTOD Project

Marine Technology Society Journal ◽

10.4031/mtsj.52.2.2 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 13-17

Author(s):

Mark Bushnell

Keyword(s):

Quality Control ◽

Quality Assurance ◽

Sea Level Rise ◽

Water Level ◽

Real Time ◽

Sea Level ◽

Hampton Roads ◽

Level Data ◽

Water Level Data ◽

The U.S

AbstractWithin the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System Program, the Quality Assurance/Quality Control of Real-Time Oceanographic Data (QARTOD) Project develops manuals that describe variable-specific quality control (QC) tests for operational use. The QARTOD's Manual for Real-Time Quality Control of Water Level Data: A Guide to Quality Control and Quality Assurance for Water Level Observations was created with broad support from entities engaged in operational observations of water levels. The process used to generate this manual and all other QARTOD manuals exemplifies the integration of “federal, state, and local government agencies as well as the private and nonprofit sectors” described by the Hampton Roads Sea Level Rise Preparedness and Resilience Intergovernmental Pilot Project.Another project that supports Hampton Roads, Virginia, sea level rise and utilizes multiple partners is the deployment of continuous global positioning system (cGPS) receivers directly on water level sensors. These cGPS installations enable the determination of absolute sea level rise and local land subsidence. Successful transition of cGPS to an operational status requires the application of real-time data QC.

Download Full-text

Evidence of acceleration in regional sea-level rise in the North Sea

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-2784 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Riccardo Riva ◽

David Steffelbauer ◽

Jos Timmermans ◽

Jan Kwakkel ◽

Mark Bakker

Keyword(s):

Sea Level Rise ◽

Sea Level ◽

North Sea ◽

Accurate Determination ◽

Natural Variability ◽

Reconstruction Technique ◽

Tide Gauges ◽

The Impact ◽

Global Mean

Tide gauges are the main source of information about sea-level changes in the Industrial Age. When looking at global mean values, century-long reconstructions produce rates between 1-2 mm/yr, while estimates over the last three decades reveal a much faster rise of about 3 mm/yr, as also indicated by satellite altimetry observations. In spite of this evidence for a recent acceleration, its quantification remains a challenging and relevant task, because results are highly dependent on the length of the record and on the reconstruction technique, whereas decision makers require clear proof to legitimise action. While global mean results are very important to understand climate change, regional to local variations are more relevant for the purpose of planning mitigation and adaptation measures. However, mainly due to natural variability, looking at individual tide gauge stations hampers the accurate determination of linear and non-linear trends. We developed a time series analysis framework to determine whether SLR is accelerating by detecting the presence of a break-point in the long-term trend. We applied the framework to tide gauges in the southern North Sea, where several stations provide high-quality and uninterrupted records spanning more than a century (1890-2018). On average, coastal sea level rise increased from ~1.8 mm/yr over the first century of our study to ~2.8 mm/yr over the last 25 years, albeit with large inter-station differences. We performed several tests to assess the impact of natural variability on the observed trend changes and verified that stable break-points are only detected since the late 1970s, with the exact year depending on the chosen time-window. Therefore, we believe that the high sea-level rates observed over the last few decades are likely representing long-term changes.

Download Full-text

Effects of the basin dynamics on sea level rise in the Black Sea

10.5194/os-2016-69 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

A. A. Kubryakov ◽

S. V. Stanichny ◽

D. L. Volkov

Keyword(s):

Sea Level Rise ◽

Sea Level ◽

Black Sea ◽

Tide Gauge ◽

The Black Sea ◽

Tide Gauges ◽

Tide Gauge Records ◽

Sea Levels ◽

The Difference

Abstract. Satellite altimetry measurements show that magnitude of the Black Sea level trends is spatially uneven. While the basin-averaged sea level was increasing at a rate of 3.15 mm/year from 1993 to 2014, the sea level rise varied from 0.15–2.5 mm/year in the central part to 3.5–3.8 mm/year in coastal areas and 5 mm/year in the southwestern part of the sea. These differences are caused by changes in the large- and mesoscale circulation of the Black Sea. A long-term increase of the cyclonic wind curl over the basin from 1979 to 2014 strengthened divergence in the center of the Black Sea that led to an increase of sea level near the coast and a decrease in the center of the basin. Changes in the distribution and intensity of mesoscale eddies caused the formation of the local extremes of sea level trend. The variability of the dynamic sea level (DSL) – the difference between the local and the basin-averaged sea levels – contributes significantly (up to ~ 50 % of the total variance) to the seasonal and interannual variability of sea level in the basin. The DSL variability in the Black Sea depends strongly on the basin-averaged wind curl and is well reconstructed using the ERA-Interim winds from 1979 to present, including the time when altimetry data was unavailable. The reconstruction can be used to correct historical tide gauges data for dynamic effects, which are usually neglected in the analysis of the Black Sea tide gauge records.

Download Full-text

An International Data Centre for GNSS Interferometric Reflectometry Data for Observing Sea Level Change

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-9706 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Andrew Matthews ◽

Simon Williams ◽

Elizabeth Bradshaw ◽

Kathy Gordon ◽

Angela Hibbert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sea Level ◽

Sea Level Change ◽

The Arctic ◽

Tide Gauges ◽

Surface Reflection ◽

Level Change ◽

Vertical Land Motion ◽

Level Data ◽

Gnss Receivers

The Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level (PSMSL) is the internationally recognised global sea level data bank for long-term sea level change information from tide gauges, responsible for the collection, publication, analysis and interpretation of sea level data. The primary aim of PSMSL is to collate, archive and distribute long-term sea level information from tide gauges. There is a need both for more records in data sparse regions such as Antarctica, the Arctic and Africa, and for a low cost method for monitoring climate change through sea level.Recent studies have demonstrated the utility of ground-based GNSS Interferometric Reflectometry (GNSS-IR) for the observation of sea level. GNSS receivers suffer from multipath, but if the physical and geometric effects multipath has on the measured signals are understood then this knowledge can be used to measure other environmental parameters such as the sea surface reflection. The GNSS receiver can also determine vertical land motion.PSMSL has received funding to create an international archive to preserve and deliver GNSS-IR data and to integrate these data with existing sea level observing networks. We aim to create an efficient data delivery mechanism to allow the sea level community to access these new data and incorporate them into existing records. We will develop a data format and create and/or populate controlled vocabularies with the new parameters, site identifiers and other discovery metadata required.Currently, we have processed records from over 250 GNSS receivers across the globe: each will be made available alongside information detailing how the records were processed; which GNSS constellations, satellites and frequencies were used; and visual diagnostics of each site. In this presentation we will give a brief overview of the theory behind GNSS-IR, and present some of the content that we plan to include in the completed portal.&#160;

Download Full-text

The pattern of sea-level rise across the North Atlantic from long-term-trend tide gauges

Ocean & Coastal Management ◽

10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2020.105309 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 196 ◽

pp. 105309

Author(s):

Alberto Boretti

Keyword(s):

Sea Level Rise ◽

Sea Level ◽

North Atlantic ◽

Tide Gauges ◽

Term Trend ◽

The North ◽

The North Atlantic ◽

Long Term Trend

Download Full-text

PREDICTING TIDAL MARSH SURVIVAL OR SUBMERGENCE TO FUTURE SEA-LEVEL RISE USING PALEO SEA-LEVEL DATA

10.1130/abs/2018am-318432 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Benjamin P. Horton ◽

◽

Ian Shennan ◽

Sarah L. Bradley ◽

Niamh Cahill ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sea Level Rise ◽

Sea Level ◽

Tidal Marsh ◽

Level Data

Download Full-text

A Holistic Framework for Evaluating Adaptation Approaches to Coastal Hazards and Sea Level Rise: A Case Study from Imperial Beach, California

Water ◽

10.3390/w13091324 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 1324

Author(s):

David Revell ◽

Phil King ◽

Jeff Giliam ◽

Juliano Calil ◽

Sarah Jenkins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sea Level Rise ◽

Sea Level ◽

Public Trust ◽

Adaptation Strategy ◽

Public Benefits ◽

Study Results ◽

Local Risk ◽

Over Time

Sea level rise increases community risks from erosion, wave flooding, and tides. Current management typically protects existing development and infrastructure with coastal armoring. These practices ignore long-term impacts to public trust coastal recreation and natural ecosystems. This adaptation framework models physical responses to the public beach and private upland for each adaptation strategy over time, linking physical changes in widths to damages, economic costs, and benefits from beach recreation and nature using low-lying Imperial Beach, California, as a case study. Available coastal hazard models identified community vulnerabilities, and local risk communication engagement prioritized five adaptation approaches—armoring, nourishment, living shorelines, groins, and managed retreat. This framework innovates using replacement cost as a proxy for ecosystem services normally not valued and examines a managed retreat policy approach using a public buyout and rent-back option. Specific methods and economic values used in the analysis need more research and innovation, but the framework provides a scalable methodology to guide coastal adaptation planning everywhere. Case study results suggest that coastal armoring provides the least public benefits over time. Living shoreline approaches show greater public benefits, while managed retreat, implemented sooner, provides the best long-term adaptation strategy to protect community identity and public trust resources.

Download Full-text

Long-Term Sediment, Carbon, and Nitrogen Accumulation Rates in Coastal Wetlands Impacted by Sea Level Rise

Estuaries and Coasts ◽

10.1007/s12237-021-00928-z ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gillian Gundersen ◽

D. Reide Corbett ◽

Austyn Long ◽

Melinda Martinez ◽

Marcelo Ardón

Keyword(s):

Sea Level Rise ◽

Sea Level ◽

Coastal Wetlands ◽

Nitrogen Accumulation ◽

Accumulation Rates ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Sediment Carbon

Download Full-text

Testing an “IoT” Tide Gauge Network for Coastal Monitoring

IoT ◽

10.3390/iot2010002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 17-32

Author(s):

Philip Knight ◽

Cai Bird ◽

Alex Sinclair ◽

Jonathan Higham ◽

Andy Plater

Keyword(s):

Sea Level ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Tide Gauge ◽

Low Cost ◽

Pressure Sensors ◽

Wave Activity ◽

Tide Gauges ◽

Coastal Monitoring ◽

Level Data ◽

Operational Constraints

A low-cost “Internet of Things” (IoT) tide gauge network was developed to provide real-time and “delayed mode” sea-level data to support monitoring of spatial and temporal coastal morphological changes. It is based on the Arduino Sigfox MKR 1200 micro-controller platform with a Measurement Specialties pressure sensor (MS5837). Experiments at two sites colocated with established tide gauges show that these inexpensive pressure sensors can make accurate sea-level measurements. While these pressure sensors are capable of ~1 cm accuracy, as with other comparable gauges, the effect of significant wave activity can distort the overall sea-level measurements. Various off-the-shelf hardware and software configurations were tested to provide complementary data as part of a localized network and to overcome operational constraints, such as lack of suitable infrastructure for mounting the tide gauges and for exposed beach locations.

Download Full-text