scholarly journals Large-scale offshore wind production in the Mediterranean Sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1661112 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Pantusa ◽  
G.R. Tomasicchio ◽  
B.Chitti Babu
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
The Mediterranean

scholarly journals Impact of air–sea coupling on the climate change signal over the Iberian Peninsula

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba de la Vara ◽  
William Cabos ◽  
Dmitry V. Sein ◽  
Claas Teichmann ◽  
Daniela Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Climate Change Signal ◽  
The North ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn this work we use a regional atmosphere–ocean coupled model (RAOCM) and its stand-alone atmospheric component to gain insight into the impact of atmosphere–ocean coupling on the climate change signal over the Iberian Peninsula (IP). The IP climate is influenced by both the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean sea. Complex interactions with the orography take place there and high-resolution models are required to realistically reproduce its current and future climate. We find that under the RCP8.5 scenario, the generalized 2-m air temperature (T2M) increase by the end of the twenty-first century (2070–2099) in the atmospheric-only simulation is tempered by the coupling. The impact of coupling is specially seen in summer, when the warming is stronger. Precipitation shows regionally-dependent changes in winter, whilst a drier climate is found in summer. The coupling generally reduces the magnitude of the changes. Differences in T2M and precipitation between the coupled and uncoupled simulations are caused by changes in the Atlantic large-scale circulation and in the Mediterranean Sea. Additionally, the differences in projected changes of T2M and precipitation with the RAOCM under the RCP8.5 and RCP4.5 scenarios are tackled. Results show that in winter and summer T2M increases less and precipitation changes are of a smaller magnitude with the RCP4.5. Whilst in summer changes present a similar regional distribution in both runs, in winter there are some differences in the NW of the IP due to differences in the North Atlantic circulation. The differences in the climate change signal from the RAOCM and the driving Global Coupled Model show that regionalization has an effect in terms of higher resolution over the land and ocean.

scholarly journals Dynamic Modeling of an Offshore Floating Wind Turbine for Application in the Mediterranean Sea

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Cottura ◽  
Riccardo Caradonna ◽  
Alberto Ghigo ◽  
Riccardo Novo ◽  
Giovanni Bracco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Floating Wind Turbine ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Offshore Floating Wind Turbine

Wind power is emerging as one of the most sustainable and low-cost options for energy production. Far-offshore floating wind turbines are attractive in view of exploiting high wind availability sites while minimizing environmental and landscape impact. In the last few years, some offshore floating wind farms were deployed in Northern Europe for technology validation, with very promising results. At present time, however, no offshore wind farm installations have been developed in the Mediterranean Sea. The aim of this work is to comprehensively model an offshore floating wind turbine and examine the behavior resulting from a wide spectrum of sea and wind states typical of the Mediterranean Sea. The flexible and accessible in-house model developed for this purpose is compared with the reference model FAST v8.16 for verifying its reliability. Then, a simulation campaign is carried out to estimate the wind turbine LCOE (Levelized Cost of Energy). Based on this, the best substructure is chosen and the convenience of the investment is evaluated.

A Near-Uniform Basin-Wide Sea Level Fluctuation of the Mediterranean Sea

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 338-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ichiro Fukumori ◽  
Dimitris Menemenlis ◽  
Tong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Level Fluctuation ◽  
Strait Of Gibraltar ◽  
Sea Level Fluctuation ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract A new basin-wide oscillation of the Mediterranean Sea is identified and analyzed using sea level observations from the Ocean Topography Experiment (TOPEX)/Poseidon satellite altimeter and a numerical ocean circulation model. More than 50% of the large-scale, nontidal, and non-pressure-driven variance of sea level can be attributed to this oscillation, which is nearly uniform in phase and amplitude across the entire basin. The oscillation has periods ranging from 10 days to several years and has a magnitude as large as 10 cm. The model suggests that the fluctuations are driven by winds at the Strait of Gibraltar and its neighboring region, including the Alboran Sea and a part of the Atlantic Ocean immediately to the west of the strait. Winds in this region force a net mass flux through the Strait of Gibraltar to which the Mediterranean Sea adjusts almost uniformly across its entire basin with depth-independent pressure perturbations. The wind-driven response can be explained in part by wind setup; a near-stationary balance is established between the along-strait wind in this forcing region and the sea level difference between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. The amplitude of this basin-wide wind-driven sea level fluctuation is inversely proportional to the setup region’s depth but is insensitive to its width including that of Gibraltar Strait. The wind-driven fluctuation is coherent with atmospheric pressure over the basin and contributes to the apparent deviation of the Mediterranean Sea from an inverse barometer response.

Assessment of levelized cost of electricity of offshore wind energy in Egypt

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzan Abdelhady ◽  
Domenico Borello ◽  
Ahmed Shaban
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Capacity Factor ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Energy ◽  
Levelized Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Levelized Cost ◽  
The Mediterranean

Offshore wind turbines are being used to harness the high value of wind energy usually available on the sea sufficiently far from the shore (i.e. some kilometers). The present study provides an assessment of the potential of offshore wind energy along the Mediterranean Sea in Egypt. The techno-economic assessment was conducted considering a 7.0 MW offshore wind turbine at seven sites along the Mediterranean Sea. Fixed platforms were considered, assuming that the maximum sea depth will be 60 m, that is representative of the sea depth in the Mediterranean coast of Egypt at 5 km from the shore. The analysis reveals that a very large amount of energy can be harvested. The minimum energy production is obtained at Alexandria with a capacity factor of 55%, and the maximum energy production is obtained at El Dabaa station with a capacity factor of 63%. The levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) is estimated as to be equal to about 0.075–0.079 US$/kWh which can be considered very competitive with other renewable energy systems in Egypt. The results prove the techno-economic feasibility of the offshore wind energy resource in Egypt, and it would motivate both the research community and the policy makers for more attention regarding this resource.

scholarly journals The Mediterranean Sea system: a review and an introduction to the special issue

Ocean Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 789-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Tanhua ◽  
D. Hainbucher ◽  
K. Schroeder ◽  
V. Cardin ◽  
M. Álvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Ocean Science ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Biogeochemical Parameters

Abstract. The Mediterranean Sea is a semi-enclosed sea characterized by high salinities, temperatures and densities. The net evaporation exceeds the precipitation, driving an anti-estuarine circulation through the Strait of Gibraltar, contributing to very low nutrient concentrations. The Mediterranean Sea has an active overturning circulation, one shallow cell that communicates directly with the Atlantic Ocean, and two deep overturning cells, one in each of the two main basins. It is surrounded by populated areas and is thus sensitive to anthropogenic forcing. Several dramatic changes in the oceanographic and biogeochemical conditions have been observed during the past several decades, emphasizing the need to better monitor and understand the changing conditions and their drivers. During 2011 three oceanographic cruises were conducted in a coordinated fashion in order to produce baseline data of important physical and biogeochemical parameters that can be compared to historic data and be used as reference for future observational campaigns. In this article we provide information on the Mediterranean Sea oceanographic situation, and present a short review that will serve as background information for the special issue in Ocean Science on "Physical, chemical and biological oceanography of the Mediterranean Sea". An important contribution of this article is the set of figures showing the large-scale distributions of physical and chemical properties along the full length of the Mediterranean Sea.

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