scholarly journals Selecting the number of trials in experimental biomechanics studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie E. Forrester
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Biomechanics

A Finite Element Analysis of the C2-C7 Sheep Spine

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole A. DeVries ◽  
Nicole A. Kallemeyn ◽  
Kiran H. Shivanna ◽  
Nicole M. Grosland
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Spinal Disorders ◽  
Biomechanical Responses ◽  
Experimental Biomechanics ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Due to the limited availability of human cadaveric specimens, sheep are often utilized for in vitro studies of various spinal disorders and surgical techniques. Understanding the similarities and differences between the human and sheep spine is crucial for constructing a valuable study and interpreting the results. Several studies have identified the anatomical similarities between the sheep and human spine; however these studies have been limited to quantifying the anatomic dimensions as opposed to the biomechanical responses [1–2]. Although anatomical similarities are important, biomechanical correspondence is imperative for studying the effects of disorders, surgical techniques, and implant designs. Studies by Wilke and colleagues [3] and Clarke et al. [4] have focused on experimental biomechanics of the sheep cervical functional spinal units (FSUs).

In Vitro Study of the C2-C7 Sheep Cervical Spine

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole A. DeVries ◽  
Anup A. Gandhi ◽  
Douglas C. Fredericks ◽  
Joseph D. Smucker ◽  
Nicole M. Grosland
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Axial Rotation ◽  
Lateral Bending ◽  
Disc Space ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Biomechanical Responses ◽  
Experimental Biomechanics

Due to the limited availability of human cadaveric specimens, animal models are often utilized for in vitro studies of various spinal disorders and surgical techniques. Sheep spines have similar geometry, disc space, and lordosis as compared to humans [1,2]. Several studies have identified the geometrical similarities between the sheep and human spine; however these studies have been limited to quantifying the anatomic dimensions as opposed to the biomechanical responses [2–3]. Although anatomical similarities are important, biomechanical correspondence is imperative to understand the effects of disorders, surgical techniques, and implant designs. Some studies [3–5] have focused on experimental biomechanics of the sheep cervical functional spinal units (FSUs). Szotek and colleagues [1] studied the biomechanics of compression and impure flexion-extension for the C2-C7 intact sheep spine. However, to date, there is no comparison of the sheep spine using pure flexion-extension, lateral bending, or axial rotation moments for multilevel specimen. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to conduct in vitro testing of the intact C2-C7 sheep cervical spine.

Study of the experimental biomechanics of tendon repair with immediate active mobilization

1986 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch Mabit ◽  
J M Bellaubre ◽  
J L Charissoux ◽  
M Caix
Keyword(s):  
Tendon Repair ◽  
Active Mobilization ◽  
Experimental Biomechanics

scholarly journals Properties of PMMA end cap holders affect FE stiffness predictions of vertebral specimens

2020 ◽  
pp. 095441192097107
Author(s):  
Bruno Agostinho Hernandez ◽  
Harinderjit S Gill ◽  
Sabina Gheduzzi
Keyword(s):  
Bone Cement ◽  
Vertebral Body ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Materials Testing ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Cement Material ◽  
End Caps ◽  
Experimental Biomechanics ◽  
Vertebral Bodies

Bone cement is often used, in experimental biomechanics, as a potting agent for vertebral bodies (VB). As a consequence, it is usually included in finite element (FE) models to improve accuracy in boundary condition settings. However, bone cement material properties are typically assigned to these models based on literature data obtained from specimens created under conditions which often differ from those employed for cement end caps. These discrepancies can result in solids with different material properties from those reported. Therefore, this study aimed to analyse the effect of assigning different mechanical properties to bone cement in FE vertebral models. A porcine C2 vertebral body was potted in bone cement end caps, [Formula: see text]CT scanned, and tested in compression. DIC was performed on the anterior surface of the specimen to monitor the displacement. Specimen stiffness was calculated from the load-displacement output of the materials testing machine and from the machine load output and average displacement measured by DIC. Fifteen bone cement cylinders with dimensions similar to the cement end caps were produced and subjected to the same compression protocol as the vertebral specimen and average stiffness and Young moduli were estimated. Two geometrically identical vertebral body FE models were created from the [Formula: see text]CT images, the only difference residing in the values assigned to bone cement material properties: in one model these were obtained from the literature and in the other from the cylindrical cement samples previously tested. The average Youngs modulus of the bone cement cylindrical specimens was 1177 ± 3 MPa, considerably lower than the values reported in the literature. With this value, the FE model predicted a vertebral specimen stiffness 3% lower than that measured experimentally, while when using the value most commonly reported in similar studies, specimen stiffness was overestimated by 150%.

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