Illegality in the informal labour market: findings from pilot research on child labour in Istanbul

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-154
Author(s):  
Emre Erdoğan ◽  
Pınar Uyan Semerci
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Child Labour ◽  
Informal Labour

Socio economic determinants of child labour in selected districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-60
Author(s):  
Nabeela Begum ◽  
Javed Iqbal ◽  
Hina
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Child Labour ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽  
Education Organization ◽  
Children Education

This study examines the determinants of child labour in Mardan and Nowshera districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Primary data on socioeconomic characteristics of children engaged and did not engage in child labour were obtained from Labour Education Organization Mardan. Age of the children and family size are positively and education is negatively and significantly associated with the probability of children participation in labour market. The probability of child labour is more with the household income although with a very low coefficient value which is contrary to our expectations and may ne indicative that child labour could be a major source of household income. This study suggests that subsidies may be provided to families for their children education. Family size is also positively related to the child labour, therefore steps may be taken towards encouraging small family sizes and thereby reducing the child labour.

‘A man’s work was a man’s life’

Bread Winner ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 62-85
Author(s):  
Emma Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Child Labour ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Male Identity ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
Over Time

This chapter reveals the significance for work to male identity. Here, it shows how the centrality of work dominates men's autobiographies. Work was the key feature of a man's life and it was very often the motif by which male writers structured the story of their life. For most working-class men, work was equated with manhood — ‘I was a man and I knew it’. The chapter goes on to discuss how many Victorian children commenced their working lives at a considerably young age, particularly early in the reign when the place of children in the labour market was much more loosely regulated. Furthermore, to a far greater extent than girls, boys' experiences of work were shaped by the legislative framework as child labour laws became increasingly restrictive over time. This changing legal framework for child labour is clearly visible in the male autobiographies.

scholarly journals Barriers to Prisoners’ Re-Entry into Formal and Informal Labour Market

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 479-495
Author(s):  
Taksaorn Phuchongpravech ◽  
Thanee Chaiwat
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Cosmetic Surgery ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Criminal History ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Informal Labour ◽  
Criminal History Records ◽  
Male Prisoners ◽  
Formal And Informal Sectors

Aside from academics suggesting that low-physical-attractive prisoners may face difficulty reentering the labour market: permitting employers to access criminal history records aggravates the situation. The current study aims to alleviate this discrimination by generating more beauty premiums to prisoners through cosmetic surgery. The choice experiments (CEs) on hypothetical cosmetic surgery faces of 18 Thai male prisoners were conducted. In which every choice set, the respondents were required to make a tradeoff between beauty and criminal history records. The results show that cosmetic surgery generates beauty premiums to prisoners in both the formal and informal sectors with the odds ratio or increase of the utility of 1.75 and 1.754, respectively. Contrarily, the criminal history records result in discrimination to prisoners’ employments: decreasing job opportunities by 82.8% and 51% in the formal and informal sectors, respectively. The MWTP values show an additional salary to the cosmetic surgery groups for 2,600 baht approximately in both sectors. Besides contributing to the literature, the current study sheds light on the importance of physical appearance and criminal history records as one of the main barriers to prisoners’ re-entry. The findings could serve as new knowledge for policymakers to improve the success rate of prisoners’ reintegration.

scholarly journals Recent internal migration and labour market outcomes: Exploring the 2008 and 2010 national income dynamics study (NIDS) panel data in South Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 653-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nhlanhla Cyril Mbatha ◽  
Joan Roodt
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
South African ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
National Income ◽  
National Development ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Income Dynamics ◽  
Informal Labour ◽  
The Unemployed

We began with the premise that South African recent migrants from rural to urban areas experience relatively lower rates of participation in formal labour markets compared to local residents in urban communities, and that these migrants are overrepresented in the informal labour market and in the unemployment sector. This means that rural to urban migrants are less likely than locals to be found in formal employment and more likely to be found in informal employment and among the unemployed. Using perspectives from Development Economics we explore the South African National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS) panel datasets of 2008 and 2010, which only provide a perspective on what has happened between 2008 and 2010. We find that while migrants in general experience positive outcomes in informal labour markets, they also experience positive outcomes in formal markets, which is contrary to expectations. We also find that there are strong links between other indicators of performance in the labour market. Earned incomes are closely associated with migration decisions and educational qualifications (e.g. a matric certificate) for respondents between the ages of 30 and 60 years. The youth (15 to 30 years old) and senior respondents (over the age of 60) are the most disadvantaged in the labour market. The disadvantage is further reflected in lower earned incomes. This is the case even though the youth are most likely to migrate. We conclude that migration is motivated by both push (to seek employment) and pull (existing networks or marriage at destination) factors. For public policy, the emerging patterns – indicative and established – are important for informing strategies aimed at creating employment and developing skills for the unemployed, migrants and especially the youth. Similar policy strategies are embodied in the National Development Plan (NDP), the National Skills Development Strategy (NSDS), etc.

A brief statistical sketch of the child labour market in mid-nineteenth-century London

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER KIRBY
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Child Labour ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Working Children ◽  
Low Levels

The profusion of small trades and services that characterized the nineteenth-century London labour market makes it extremely difficult to arrive at any general understanding of the work of children and juveniles. This brief study employs published statistical materials and compares children's occupations in the metropolis with the national picture. It argues that London contained exceptionally low levels of children's employment compared with the rest of England and Wales. The preoccupation of metropolitan social observers with working children may have resulted from the fact that child employment in mid-nineteenth-century London was a marginal activity associated chiefly with the very poor.

scholarly journals Scrutinizing the sticky floor/glass ceiling phenomena in the informal labour market in Cameroon: An unconditional quantile regression analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebenezer Lemven Wirba ◽  
Fiennasah Annif' Akem ◽  
Francis Menjo Baye
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Glass Ceiling ◽  
Decomposition Methods ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Earnings Distribution ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Informal Labour ◽  
Quantile Regression Analysis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sticky Floor

Cameroon’s informal labour market largely harbours female workers, engaged mainly in low-productivity and low-paying jobs. We investigate the sticky floor and glass ceiling phenomena in the informal labour market as a whole and across its segments. We use the 2010 Cameroon labour market survey, employing the recentred influence function and blending the Oaxaca-Ransom and Neuman-Oaxaca decomposition methods. The resulting framework enables us to account for selectivity bias at the mean, resolve the index number problem of the standard decomposition, and examine earnings differentials across the unconditional earnings distribution. We find compelling evidence of a sticky floor phenomenon in the informal labour market manifested essentially among wage earners. Returns to experience mitigate the gender earnings gap at the mean, and 10th and 50th percentiles of the unconditional earnings distribution. Female workers have an unambiguous human-capital-based advantage over their male counterparts at the mean, lower tail, and median of the distribution.

The problem that doesn’t exist?

1999 ◽  
pp. 139-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Child Labour ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Home Office ◽  
Processing Data

Chapter six, written by Stephen Cunningham, provides evidence of the extent and form of child labour in Britain between 1920 and 1970. It assesses the size of the child labour market during this period by processing data found from Internal Home Office material and focuses in particular on the role of state officials in shaping government policy surrounding child labour laws. The chapter also investigates into the role of civil servants, politicians and the effect of recent sociological and historical interventions on the existence of child labour.

scholarly journals Explaining and tackling the informal economy: a dual informal labour market approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 889-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Charles Williams ◽  
Slavko Bezeredi
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Formal Institutions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Informal Worker ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Lower Tier ◽  
South East Europe ◽  
Informal Labour

Purpose To transcend the long-standing debate regarding whether workers are driven into the informal economy by either their involuntary “exclusion” or voluntary “exit” from the formal economy, the purpose of this paper is to propose and evaluate the existence of a dual informal labour market composed of an exit-driven “upper tier” and an exclusion-driven “lower-tier” of informal workers, and to explore its policy implications. Design/methodology/approach To do so, data are reported from a 2015 survey of the informal economy conducted in South-East Europe involving 6,019 face-to-face interviews in Bulgaria, Croatia and FYR Macedonia. Findings Identifying a dual informal labour market with three exit-driven informal workers for every exclusion-driven informal worker, a multinomial logit regression analysis reveals that, compared to the exclusion-driven “lower tier”, the exit-driven “upper tier” is significantly more likely to be populated by the formally employed, retired and those not struggling financially. Participation is not affected by the perceived severity of penalties and likely risks of detection, but relative to those in the exclusion-driven “lower tier”, there is a significant correlation between those doing so for exit rationales and their lack of both horizontal trust and vertical trust in formal institutions. Practical implications The outcome is a call to transcend the conventional deterrence approach of increasing the penalties and risks of detection. Instead, to tackle those driven by exit rationales, tackling both the lack of horizontal trust that other citizens are operating in a compliant manner and the lack of vertical trust in formal institutions is advocated. To tackle exclusion-driven informal workers, meanwhile, a focus upon the macro-level economic and social conditions which lead to their participation is required. Originality/value This is the first paper to empirically evaluate the existence of a dual informal labour market and to evaluate its policy implications.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document