This chapter, written by Madeleine Leonard, discusses the recent research surrounding child employment in the UK between 1970 and 1998, and addresses the rebirth of interest in child labour among academics, politicians, policy makers and child welfare organisations. It provides evidence of children’s domestic and paid labour and makes an attempt to understand the extent of its presence in Britain by taking into account the numbers of children working in the UK and the conditions of their labour. The chapter also looks into how far recent developments in the twentieth century within the UK have had an effect on the economic importance of children, and the ways that these developments have contributed to a change in attitude regarding child labour.