scholarly journals A novel marker glycoprotein for the microvillus membrane of surface colonocytes of rat large intestine and its presence in small-intestinal crypt cells.

1988 ◽  
Vol 106 (6) ◽  
pp. 1937-1946 ◽  
Author(s):  
S U Gorr ◽  
B Stieger ◽  
J A Fransen ◽  
M Kedinger ◽  
A Marxer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Intestinal Crypt ◽  
Phase Partitioning ◽  
Microvillus Membrane ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Crypt Cells

Murine mAbs were produced against purified microvillus membranes of rat colonocytes in order to establish a marker protein for this membrane. The majority of antibodies binding to the colonic microvillus membrane recognized a single protein with a mean apparent Mr of 120 kD in both proximal and distal colon samples. The antigen is membrane bound as probed by phase-partitioning studies using Triton X-114 and by the sodium carbonate extraction procedure and is extensively glycosylated as assessed by endoglycosidase F digestion. Localization studies in adult rats by light and electron microscopy revealed the microvillus membrane of surface colonocytes as the principal site of the immunoreaction. The antigen was not detectable in kidney or liver by immunoprecipitation but was present in the small intestine, where it was predominantly confined to the apical membrane of crypt cells and much less to the microvillus membrane of differentiated enterocytes. During fetal development, the antigen appears first in the colon at day 15 and 1-2 d later in the small intestine. In both segments, it initially covers the whole luminal surface but an adult-like localization pattern develops soon after birth. The antibodies were also used to develop a radiometric assay for the quantification of the antigen in subcellular fractions of colonocytes in order to assess the validity of a previously developed method for the purification of colonic brush-border membranes (Stieger, B., A. Marxer, and H.P. Hauri. 1986. J. Membr. Biol. 91:19-31.). The results suggest that we have identified a valuable marker glycoprotein for the colonic microvillus membrane, which in adult rats may also serve as a marker for early differentiation of enterocyte progenitor cells in small-intestinal crypt cells.

scholarly journals Vitamin A Up-Regulates Expression of Bone-Type Alkaline Phosphatase in Rat Small Intestinal Crypt Cell Line and Fetal Rat Small Intestine

1998 ◽  
Vol 128 (11) ◽  
pp. 1869-1877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Nikawa ◽  
Kazuhito Rokutan ◽  
Kayo Nanba ◽  
Kaori Tokuoka ◽  
Shigetada Teshima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Crypt Cell ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Crypt ◽  
Fetal Rat ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Intestinal Crypt Cell

Pancreaticobiliary factors in the modulation of small intestinal enterokinase in the rat

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (1) ◽  
pp. G103-G108 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Newman ◽  
P. C. Lee ◽  
H. Tajiri ◽  
D. R. Cooney ◽  
E. Lebenthal
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Common Duct ◽  
Complete Loss ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Brush Border Enzymes ◽  
Proximal Small Intestine ◽  
Trophic Changes ◽  
The Common ◽  
Small Intestinal

Chronic pancreaticobiliary diversion was employed to study the modulation of enterokinase in the small intestine of adult rats. Diversion resulted in apparent trophic changes of the proximal bypassed portion of the intestinal mucosa. An almost complete loss of mucosal enterokinase activity in the proximal duodenum but no increase of enterokinase in the segments distal to reentry of the common duct was found in the pancreaticobiliary-diverted rats. The effect on the enterokinase activity in the proximal segment was specific in that no other brush-border enzymes measured in that segment were decreased. The decrease in enterokinase was partially prevented by dietary supplementation with pancreatic trypsinogen and completely avoided with the addition of a combination of bile acids and trypsinogen. Supplementation with bile acid alone did not preserve the enterokinase levels in the bypassed rats. The results suggested that trypsinogen is the primary factor responsible for modulating enterokinase levels in the proximal small intestine, with bile acids acting as a modifier.

scholarly journals Neural motor complexes propagate continuously along the full length of mouse small intestine and colon

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (1) ◽  
pp. G99-G108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcello Costa ◽  
Timothy James Hibberd ◽  
Lauren J. Keightley ◽  
Lukasz Wiklendt ◽  
John W. Arkwright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Propagating Waves ◽  
Mouse Small Intestine ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

Cyclical propagating waves of muscle contraction have been recorded in isolated small intestine or colon, referred to here as motor complexes (MCs). Small intestinal and colonic MCs are neurogenic, occur at similar frequencies, and propagate orally or aborally. Whether they can be coordinated between the different gut regions is unclear. Motor behavior of whole length mouse intestines, from duodenum to terminal rectum, was recorded by intraluminal multisensor catheter. Small intestinal MCs were recorded in 27/30 preparations, and colonic MCs were recorded in all preparations ( n = 30) with similar frequencies (0.54 ± 0.03 and 0.58 ± 0.02 counts/min, respectively). MCs propagated across the ileo-colonic junction in 10/30 preparations, forming “full intestine” MCs. The cholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine increased the probability of a full intestine MC but had no significant effect on frequency, speed, or direction. Nitric oxide synthesis blockade by Nω-nitro-l-arginine, after physostigmine, increased MC frequency in small intestine only. Hyoscine-resistant MCs were recorded in the colon but not small intestine ( n = 5). All MCs were abolished by hexamethonium ( n = 18) or tetrodotoxin ( n = 2). The enteric neural mechanism required for motor complexes is present along the full length of both the small and large intestine. In some cases, colonic MCs can be initiated in the distal colon and propagate through the ileo-colonic junction, all the way to duodenum. In conclusion, the ileo-colonic junction provides functional neural continuity for propagating motor activity that originates in the small or large intestine. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Intraluminal manometric recordings revealed motor complexes can propagate antegradely or retrogradely across the ileo-colonic junction, spanning the entire small and large intestines. The fundamental enteric neural mechanism(s) underlying cyclic motor complexes exists throughout the length of the small and large intestine.

scholarly journals Studies of mucus in mouse stomach, small intestine, and colon. I. Gastrointestinal mucus layers have different properties depending on location as well as over the Peyer's patches

2013 ◽  
Vol 305 (5) ◽  
pp. G341-G347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Ermund ◽  
André Schütte ◽  
Malin E. V. Johansson ◽  
Jenny K. Gustafsson ◽  
Gunnar C. Hansson
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
Mucus Layer ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Intestinal Mucus ◽  
Small Intestinal

Colon has been shown to have a two-layered mucus system where the inner layer is devoid of bacteria. However, a complete overview of the mouse gastrointestinal mucus system is lacking. We now characterize mucus release, thickness, growth over time, adhesive properties, and penetrability to fluorescent beads from stomach to distal colon. Colon displayed spontaneous mucus release and all regions released mucus in response to carbachol and PGE2, except the distal colon and domes of Peyer's patches. Stomach and colon had an inner mucus layer that was adherent to the epithelium. In contrast, the small intestine and Peyer's patches had a single mucus layer that was easily aspirated. The inner mucus layer of the distal colon was not penetrable to beads the size of bacteria and the inner layer of the proximal colon was only partly penetrable. In contrast, the inner mucus layer of stomach was fully penetrable, as was the small intestinal mucus. This suggests a functional organization of the intestinal mucus system, where the small intestine has loose and penetrable mucus that may allow easy penetration of nutrients, in contrast to the stomach, where the mucus provides physical protection, and the colon, where the mucus separates bacteria from the epithelium. This knowledge of the mucus system and its organization improves our understanding of the gastrointestinal tract physiology.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical and biochemical demonstration of the change in glycolipid composition of the intestinal epithelial cell surface in mice in relation to epithelial cell differentiation and bacterial association.

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Umesaki
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cell ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
Microvillus Membrane ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Asialo Gm1 ◽  
Crypt Cells

We have previously demonstrated the appearance of fucosyl asialo-GM1 (FGA1) in the small-intestinal epithelial cells of germ-free mice via the induction of GDP-fucose: asialo-GM1 (GA1) alpha(1 leads to 2) fucosyltransferase (FT) after the conventionalization of these animals (Umesaki Y, Sakata T, Yajima T: Biochem Biophys Res Commun 105:439, 1982). The present study, based on this earlier work, demonstrates the changes in the glycolipid antigens of the small-intestinal epithelial-cell membrane as shown immunohistochemically with specific antibodies raised against asialo GM1 (GA1) and FGA1. In germ-free mice, GA1 was localized both in the villus cells and in the crypt cells. In the process of conventionalization, FGA1 appeared in the villus cells while the GA1 content of these cells was decreased. Four to 5 days after the conventionalization procedure, the fluorescence produced by anti-FGA1 was strongest in the villus cells, while that produced by anti-GA1 was detected only in the crypt cells. At this same time the FT activity of the small-intestinal mucosa was highest, with most of the GA1 apparently being converted into FGA1, as shown in the paper cited above. Thereafter, the GA1 content of both the villus and crypt cells again increased greatly. On the other hand, the fluorescence produced with anti-FGA1 decreased, and could no longer be detected 14 days after conventionalization. The activity of FT, measured biochemically in epithelial cells differentially isolated from the villus tip to the crypt, was greater in the villus than in the crypt region. This confirmed the intense staining with anti-FGA1 that was seen in villus cells. The fluorescence produced by the two anti-glycolipid antibodies used in the study distributed not only in the microvillus membrane but also to some extent in the basolateral membrane. The localization of the respective glycolipids contrasted with that of the glycoprotein sucrase--isomaltase enzyme complex, the fluorescence of which was exclusively confined to the microvillus-membrane side of the villus cells.

Myc and Max disassociate following polyamine depletion in small intestinal crypt cells

1998 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. A891
Author(s):  
J. Li ◽  
L. Li ◽  
JN. Rao ◽  
BL. Bass ◽  
J-Y. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Crypt ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Crypt Cells

Polyamines negatively regulate posttranscription of the P53 gene in small intestinal crypt cells

1998 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. A431
Author(s):  
J.-Y. Wang ◽  
J. Li ◽  
AR. Patel ◽  
L. Li ◽  
JN. Rao
Keyword(s):  
P53 Gene ◽  
Intestinal Crypt ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Crypt Cells

Partial Characterization and Cellular Localization of Two Deoxyribonucleases in the Small Intestine of the Rat

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Liebbrman ◽  
R. J. Sullivan ◽  
K. H. Shull ◽  
H. Liang ◽  
E. Farber
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Pancreatic Duct ◽  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Deep Layer ◽  
Superficial Layer ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Intestinal Crypt ◽  
Deoxyribonuclease I ◽  
Crypt Cells

We have partially characterized and localized two previously reported deoxyribonucleases from the rat small intestine. After separation of the crypt cells and muscle (the deep layer) from the villus cells (the superficial layer), the latter was found to contain a deoxyribonuclease I with a pH optimum around 6, and a molecular weight of 32 000 – 35 000. It was activated by Co2+, Mg2+, and Mn2+. Ligation of the pancreatic duct reduced the activity in intestinal extracts to about one-third of control levels. A deoxyribonuclease II with a pH optimum of 5.3–5.4 was found associated with the continuously dividing intestinal crypt cells. It was inhibited by Mg2+ and activated by EDTA. Ligation of the pancreatic duct was without effect on this enzyme. The deoxyribonuclease I is probably largely extracellular and serves a digestive function while the deoxyribonuclease II probably is related to intracellular DNA metabolism.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document