scholarly journals Studies of mucus in mouse stomach, small intestine, and colon. I. Gastrointestinal mucus layers have different properties depending on location as well as over the Peyer's patches

2013 ◽  
Vol 305 (5) ◽  
pp. G341-G347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Ermund ◽  
André Schütte ◽  
Malin E. V. Johansson ◽  
Jenny K. Gustafsson ◽  
Gunnar C. Hansson
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
Mucus Layer ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Intestinal Mucus ◽  
Small Intestinal

Colon has been shown to have a two-layered mucus system where the inner layer is devoid of bacteria. However, a complete overview of the mouse gastrointestinal mucus system is lacking. We now characterize mucus release, thickness, growth over time, adhesive properties, and penetrability to fluorescent beads from stomach to distal colon. Colon displayed spontaneous mucus release and all regions released mucus in response to carbachol and PGE2, except the distal colon and domes of Peyer's patches. Stomach and colon had an inner mucus layer that was adherent to the epithelium. In contrast, the small intestine and Peyer's patches had a single mucus layer that was easily aspirated. The inner mucus layer of the distal colon was not penetrable to beads the size of bacteria and the inner layer of the proximal colon was only partly penetrable. In contrast, the inner mucus layer of stomach was fully penetrable, as was the small intestinal mucus. This suggests a functional organization of the intestinal mucus system, where the small intestine has loose and penetrable mucus that may allow easy penetration of nutrients, in contrast to the stomach, where the mucus provides physical protection, and the colon, where the mucus separates bacteria from the epithelium. This knowledge of the mucus system and its organization improves our understanding of the gastrointestinal tract physiology.

scholarly journals (Na+ + K+)-ATPase and plasma membrane polarity of intestinal epithelial cells: presence of a brush border antigen in the distal large intestine that is immunologically related to beta subunit.

1989 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 1057-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Marxer ◽  
B Stieger ◽  
A Quaroni ◽  
M Kashgarian ◽  
H P Hauri
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Brush Border ◽  
Basolateral Membrane ◽  
Apical Cell ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Beta Subunit ◽  
Cell Pole

The previously produced monoclonal antibody IEC 1/48 against cultured rat intestinal crypt cells (Quaroni, A., and K. J. Isselbacher. 1981. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 67:1353-1362) was extensively characterized and found to be directed against the beta subunit of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase as assessed by immunological and enzymatic criteria. Under nondenaturing conditions the antibody precipitated the alpha-beta enzyme complex (98,000 and 48,000 Mr). This probe, together with the monoclonal antibody C 62.4 against the alpha subunit (Kashgarian, M., D. Biemesderfer, M. Caplan, and B. Forbush. 1985. Kidney Int. 28:899-913), was used to localize (Na+ + K+)-ATPase in epithelial cells along the rat intestinal tract by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy. Both antibodies exclusively labeled the basolateral membrane of small intestine and proximal colon epithelial cells. However, in the distal colon, IEC 1/48, but not C 62.4, also labeled the brush border membrane. The cross-reacting beta-subunit-like antigen on the apical cell pole was tightly associated with isolated brush borders but was apparently devoid of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity. Subcellular fractionation of colonocytes in conjunction with limited proteolysis and surface radioiodination of intestinal segments suggested that the cross-reacting antigen in the brush border may be very similar to the beta subunit. The results support the notion that in the small intestine and proximal colon the enzyme subunits are exclusively targeted to the basolateral membrane while in the distal colon nonassembled beta subunit or a beta-subunit-like protein is also transported to the apical cell pole.

Chronic allergy to dietary ovalbumin induces lymphocyte migration to rat small intestinal mucosa that is inhibited by MAdCAM-1

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (5) ◽  
pp. G702-G710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiko Ogawa ◽  
Soichiro Miura ◽  
Yoshikazu Tsuzuki ◽  
Takashi Ogino ◽  
Ken Teramoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Brown Norway ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Lymphocyte Migration ◽  
Small Intestinal

Few models have described a chronic food allergy with morphological changes in the intestinal mucosa. Here we established an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced, cell-mediated, allergic rat model and examined lymphocyte migration in the gut. Brown Norway rats were intraperitoneally sensitized to OVA and then given 10 mg OVA/day by gastric intubation for 6 wk. Lymphocyte subsets and adhesion molecules were examined immunohistochemically, and the migration of T lymphocytes to microvessels of Peyer's patches and villus mucosa was observed by using an intravital microscope. Serum OVA-specific IgG and IgE levels were increased in animals repeatedly exposed to OVA. Significant villus atrophy and increased crypt depth was accompanied by increased infiltration of T lymphocytes in the small intestinal mucosa of the group given OVA. Expression of rat mast cell protease II and of mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1) was also increased in these groups. The administration of anti-MAdCAM-1 antibody significantly attenuated the OVA-induced changes in the mucosal architecture and in CD4 T lymphocyte infiltration. Intravital observation demonstrated that in rats with a chronic allergy, T lymphocytes significantly accumulated in villus microvessels as well as in Peyer's patches via a MAdCAM-1-dependent process. Our model of chronic food allergy revealed that lymphocyte migration was increased with MAdCAM-1 upregulation.

scholarly journals Regional heterogeneity in rat Peyer’s patches through whole transcriptome analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 153537022097301
Author(s):  
Charles L Phillips ◽  
Bradley A Welch ◽  
Michael R Garrett ◽  
Bernadette E Grayson
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Gene Expression Pattern ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
Junction Protein ◽  
Whole Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Whole Transcriptome

Peyer’s patches are gut-associated lymphoid tissue located throughout the intestinal wall. Peyer’s patches consist of highly organized ovoid-shaped follicles, classified as non-encapsulated lymphatic tissues, populated with B cells, T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells and function as an organism’s intestinal surveillance. Limited work compares the gene profiles of Peyer’s patches derived from different intestinal regions. In the current study, we first performed whole transcriptome analysis using RNAseq to compare duodenal and ileal Peyer’s patches obtained from the small intestine of Long Evans rats. Of the 12,300 genes that were highly expressed, 18.5% were significantly different between the duodenum and ileum. Using samples obtained from additional subjects ( n = 10), we validated the novel gene expression patterns in Peyer’s patches obtained from the three regions of the small intestine. Rats had a significantly reduced number of Peyer’s patches in the duodenum in comparison to either the jejunum or ileum. Regional differences in structural, metabolic, and immune-related genes were validated. Genes such as alcohol dehydrogenase 1, gap junction protein beta 2, and serine peptidase inhibitor clade b, member 1a were significantly reduced in the ileum in comparison to other regions. On the other hand, genes such as complement C3d receptor type, lymphocyte cytosolic protein 1, and lysozyme C2 precursor were significantly lower in the duodenum. In summary, the gene expression pattern of Peyer’s patches is influenced by intestinal location and may contribute to its role in that segment.

Nitric oxide modulates T-lymphocyte migration in Peyer's patches and villous submucosa of rat small intestine

1998 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 618-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryota Hokari ◽  
Soichiro Miura ◽  
Hitoshi Fujimori ◽  
Yoshikazu Tsuzuki ◽  
Takeharu Shigematsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Lymphocyte Migration

High-frequency ultrasound of Peyer’s patches in the small intestine of young cats

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tove Nielsen ◽  
Lisa Lindström ◽  
Jessica Ingman ◽  
Margareta Uhlhorn ◽  
Kerstin Hansson
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
High Frequency Ultrasound ◽  
Frequency Ultrasound

scholarly journals Macromolecular transport across the rabbit proximal and distal colon

Gut ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Hardin ◽  
M H Kimm ◽  
M Wirasinghe ◽  
D G Gall
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Distal Segment ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Colonic Epithelium ◽  
Colonic Tissue ◽  
Ussing Chambers ◽  
Macromolecular Transport ◽  
Energy Dependent

BackgroundAlthough many studies have investigated macromolecular uptake in the stomach and small intestine, little is known about macromolecular uptake in the colon.AimsTo investigate the mechanisms involved in the transport of large antigenically intact macromolecules across the proximal and distal colonic epithelium in the rabbit.MethodsThe mucosal to serosal movement of bovine serum albumin (BSA) was examined in modified Ussing chambers under short circuited conditions. The mucosal surface was exposed to varying concentrations of BSA, and after a 50 minute equilibration period, the mucosal to serosal flux of immunologically intact BSA was determined by ELISA. Total BSA flux was determined by the transport of radiolabelled 125I-BSA.ResultsIntact BSA transport in proximal and distal colonic tissue showed saturable kinetics. Intact BSA transport in the proximal and distal segment was 7% and 2% of the total 125I-BSA flux respectively. Immunologically intact BSA transport in the distal segment was significantly less than that in the proximal segment. Intact BSA transport in the proximal colon was significantly reduced following treatment with sodium fluoride, colchicine, and tetrodotoxin. Cholinergic blockade had no effect on the uptake of intact BSA.ConclusionThe findings indicate that the transport of intact macromolecules across the proximal and distal large intestine is a saturable process. Further, intact BSA transport in the proximal colon is an energy dependent process that utilises microtubules and is regulated by the enteric nervous system.

scholarly journals Diabetes-prone BioBreeding rats do not have a normal immune response when weaned to a diet containing fermentable fibre

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 645-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
RoseMarie Stillie ◽  
Rhonda C. Bell ◽  
Catherine J. Field
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Stimulation Index ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Intestinal Length ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Normal Immune Response

Diet is known to modulate the development of diabetes in diabetes-prone BioBreeding (BBdp) rats. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of fermentable fibre (FF) on immune function in BBdp and diabetes-resistant BioBreeding (BBdr) rats after weaning. Weanling BBdp (thirty-six to thirty-eight per diet) and BBdr rats (thirty to thirty-two per diet) were fed a nutritionally complete, semi-purified, casein-based diet containing either cellulose (control diet, 8 % w/w) or FF (3·2 % cellulose+4·8 % w/w inulin). At 35 d, the small intestine was excised and lymphocytes isolated from spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer's patches. Feeding FF to both BBdr and BBdp rats affected the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines (P=0·02). In BBdr rats, feeding FF compared with cellulose resulted in an increased small intestinal length (P=0·0031), higher proliferative (stimulation) index from both splenocytes (P=0·001) and mesenteric lymph nodes (P=0·04), and an increased proportion of CD8+ T-cells in the Peyer's patches (P=0·003). We did not observe an effect of diet on the number of IgA-bearing cells in the jejunum from BBdr rats. Feeding FF to BBdp rats did not affect the same parameters. BBdp rats had both a higher proportion of B-cells in the Peyer's patches (P=0·01) and a higher number of IgA+ cells in the jejunum (P=0·0036) when fed a diet containing FF, a response not observed in BBdr rats. We demonstrate that several aspects of the BBdp immune system respond differently than that of BBdr rats when challenged at weaning with FF.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document