scholarly journals Somite subdomains, muscle cell origins, and the four muscle regulatory factor proteins.

1994 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
T H Smith ◽  
A M Kachinsky ◽  
J B Miller
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Cell ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Cells ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
Regulatory Factor ◽  
Dorsal Cells ◽  
Myod Expression

We show by immunohistology that distinct expression patterns of the four muscle regulatory factor (MRF) proteins identify subdomains of mouse somites. Myf-5 and MyoD are, at specific stages, each expressed in both myotome and dermatome cells. Myf-5 expression is initially restricted to dorsal cells in all somites, as is MyoD expression in neck somites. In trunk somites, however, MyoD is initially expressed in ventral cells. Myogenin and MRF4 are restricted to myotome cells, though the MRF4-expressing cells are initially less widely distributed than the myogenin-expressing cells, which are at all stages found throughout the myotome. All somitic myocytes express one or more MRFs. The transiently distinct expression patterns of the four MRF proteins identify dorsal and ventral subdomains of somites, and suggest that skeletal muscle cells in somites originate at multiple sites and via multiple molecular pathways.

Syncitium in Motion: Exploring Movement in the Skeletal Muscle Cell Shared by Scientific and Artistic Nuclei

Leonardo ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-273
Author(s):  
Stuart Hodgetts
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Cell ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Cell ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Cells ◽  
Complex Mechanism ◽  
Art And Science ◽  
Common Framework

The marriage of art and science often requires the sharing of unique characteristics. Skeletal muscle cells have provided a format in which the biology mimics the interaction of the artist and scientist within a common framework. This interaction, like the complex mechanism of fused muscle cells themselves, reveals and reminds those in both disciplines of the remarkable dynamic of movement between the two fields. This movement stimulates and rewards the artist and the scientist alike. For a scientist who works closely with artists, it is important to re-visit the fundamental concepts that drive the curiosity and stimulate the passion.

scholarly journals Skeletal Muscle Cell Induction from Pluripotent Stem Cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusaku Kodaka ◽  
Gemachu Rabu ◽  
Atsushi Asakura
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Muscle Cell ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Myogenic Differentiation ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Cell ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Cells ◽  
Cell Induction

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have the potential to differentiate into various types of cells including skeletal muscle cells. The approach of converting ESCs/iPSCs into skeletal muscle cells offers hope for patients afflicted with the skeletal muscle diseases such as the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Patient-derived iPSCs are an especially ideal cell source to obtain an unlimited number of myogenic cells that escape immune rejection after engraftment. Currently, there are several approaches to induce differentiation of ESCs and iPSCs to skeletal muscle. A key to the generation of skeletal muscle cells from ESCs/iPSCs is the mimicking of embryonic mesodermal induction followed by myogenic induction. Thus, current approaches of skeletal muscle cell induction of ESCs/iPSCs utilize techniques including overexpression of myogenic transcription factors such as MyoD or Pax3, using small molecules to induce mesodermal cells followed by myogenic progenitor cells, and utilizing epigenetic myogenic memory existing in muscle cell-derived iPSCs. This review summarizes the current methods used in myogenic differentiation and highlights areas of recent improvement.

TEM studies on morphological “junctions” between Trichinella spiralis larvae and mouse skeletal muscle cells with particular emphasis on the early changes in host muscles

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Dąbrowska ◽  
Michał Walski ◽  
Barbara Machnicka ◽  
Barbara Grytner-Zięcina
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Muscle Cell ◽  
Nurse Cell ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Contact Region ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Cells ◽  
Transmission Electron

AbstractLarvae of the parasitic nematode Trichinella spiralis migrate via the bloodstream or the lymphatic system to the skeletal muscle cells where they induce multiple alterations in the intracellular environment leading to the formation of nurse cells. The “nurse cell-T. spiralis larva” complex is composed of a transformed fragment of a skeletal muscle cell and the wall of the larva. The pathological process responsible for the formation of this complex, known as basophilic transformation, is essential for the development of T. spiralis larvae, but it still not known how newborn larvae penetrate the transformed fragment of the muscle cell. In this study, we aimed to characterize the ultrastructure of the region of the nurse cell in direct contact with the larval wall, after one and two weeks of T. spiralis infection in mice. For this purpose, a transmission electron microscope fitted with a goniometer was used to make observations of samples tilted at an angle of ±40° relative to the axis of the electron beam. Examination of electron micrographs revealed the continuity of the nurse cell membrane adjacent to the larval surface and the presence of a large quantity of glycogen particles close to the inner surface of this membrane. Our results showed that death of the T. spiralis larvae was associated with destruction of the contact region between the larval wall and the adjacent surface of the nurse cell. We conclude that the T. spiralis larva does not penetrate the nurse cell, but a morphological “junction” is formed between the larval wall and the cell membrane.

Activation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 in Skeletal Muscle Cells After Exposure to Damaged Muscle Cell Debris

Shock ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 632-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Dehne ◽  
Uta Kerkweg ◽  
Stefanie B. Flohé ◽  
Bernhard Brüne ◽  
Joachim Fandrey
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Cell ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Cells ◽  
Cell Debris ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1

Hydrogels containing metallic glass sub-micron wires for regulating skeletal muscle cell behaviour

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 1449-1458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samad Ahadian ◽  
Ramin Banan Sadeghian ◽  
Shin Yaginuma ◽  
Javier Ramón-Azcón ◽  
Yuji Nashimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Metallic Glass ◽  
Muscle Cell ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Cell ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Cells ◽  
Cell Behaviour ◽  
Hydrogel Scaffolds

Hybrid Pd-based metallic glass sub-micron wires-hydrogel scaffolds are efficient in regulating behaviours of skeletal muscle cells.

scholarly journals Nrf2 deficiency promotes apoptosis and impairs PAX7/MyoD expression in aging skeletal muscle cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 402-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhusudhanan Narasimhan ◽  
Jennifer Hong ◽  
Nancy Atieno ◽  
Vasanthi R. Muthusamy ◽  
Christopher J. Davidson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Cells ◽  
Myod Expression

scholarly journals Oral Gingival Cell Cigarette Smoke Exposure Induces Muscle Cell Metabolic Disruption

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea C. Baeder ◽  
Kiran Napa ◽  
Sarah T. Richardson ◽  
Oliver J. Taylor ◽  
Samantha G. Andersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Conditioned Medium ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Muscle Cell ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Cells ◽  
Cigarette Smoke Exposure ◽  
Metabolic Function ◽  
Gingival Cells

Cigarette smoke exposure compromises health through damaging multiple physiological systems, including disrupting metabolic function. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of oral gingiva in mediating the deleterious metabolic effects of cigarette smoke exposure on skeletal muscle metabolic function. Using an in vitro conditioned medium cell model, skeletal muscle cells were incubated with medium from gingival cells treated with normal medium or medium containing suspended cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Following incubation of muscle cells with gingival cell conditioned medium, muscle cell mitochondrial respiration and insulin signaling and action were determined as an indication of overall muscle metabolic health. Skeletal muscle cells incubated with conditioned medium of CSE-treated gingival cells had a profound reduction in mitochondrial respiration and respiratory control. Furthermore, skeletal muscle cells had a greatly reduced response in insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation and glycogen synthesis. Altogether, these results provide a novel perspective on the mechanism whereby cigarette smoke affects systemic metabolic function. In conclusion, we found that oral gingival cells treated with CSE create an altered milieu that is sufficient to both disrupted skeletal muscle cell mitochondrial function and insulin sensitivity.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic Characterisation of the Molecular Mechanisms Induced by RGMa During Skeletal Muscle Hyperplasia and Hypertrophy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Gonçalves Lio Copola ◽  
Íria Gabriela Dias dos Santos ◽  
Luiz Lehmann Coutinho ◽  
Luiz Eduardo Vieira Del Bem ◽  
Paulo Henrique de Almeida Campos Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Axon Guidance ◽  
Muscle Hypertrophy ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Cells ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Axon Guidance Molecule ◽  
Guidance Molecule

Abstract Background: The repulsive guidance molecule a (RGMa) is a GPI-anchor axon guidance molecule first found to play important roles during neuronal development. RGMa expression patterns and signalling pathways via Neogenin and/or as BMP coreceptors indicated that this axon guidance molecule could also be working in other processes and diseases, including during myogenesis. Previous works have consistently shown that RGMa is expressed in skeletal muscle cells and that its overexpression induces both nuclei accretion and hypertrophy in muscle cell lineages. However, the cellular components and molecular mechanisms induced by RGMa during the differentiation of skeletal muscle cells are poorly understood. In this work, the global transcription expression profile of RGMa-treated C2C12 myoblasts during the differentiation stage, obtained by RNA-seq, were reported. Results: RGMa treatment could modulate the expression pattern of 2,195 transcripts in C2C12 skeletal muscle, with 943 upregulated and 1,252 downregulated. Among them, RGMa interfered with the expression of several RNA types, including categories related to the regulation of RNA splicing and degradation. The data also suggested that RGMa hyperplasia effects could be due to their capacity to induce the expression of transcripts related to cell-cell adhesion, while RGMa effects on muscle hypertrophy might be due to (i) the activation of the mTOR-Akt independent axis and (ii) the regulation of the expression of transcripts related to atrophy. Finally, RGMa induced the expression of transcripts that encode skeletal muscle structural proteins and members of the signalling pathways associated with GEF and Rho/Rac, common secondary signals of skeletal muscle hypertrophy, and the canonical pathway of the RGMa/Neogenin signalling. Conclusions: These results provide comprehensive knowledge of skeletal muscle transcript changes and pathways in response to RGMa.

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