scholarly journals A short guide to technology development in cell biology

2015 ◽  
Vol 208 (6) ◽  
pp. 655-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bas van Steensel
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Technology Development Project

New technologies drive progress in many research fields, including cell biology. Much of technological innovation comes from “bottom-up” efforts by individual students and postdocs. However, technology development can be challenging, and a successful outcome depends on many factors. This article outlines some considerations that are important when embarking on a technology development project. Despite the challenges, developing a new technology can be extremely rewarding and could lead to a lasting impact in a given field.

Accelerated Development of Subsurface Safety Valve Technologies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Wade Edwards
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Safety Valve ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Valve Development ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
Technology Development Project ◽  
Risk Mitigation Strategies

Abstract Described is a methodology for accelerating the development of innovative and high-risk technologies, specifically, subsurface safety valve technologies. Focus is on methods of mitigating technical and commercial risks that can delay or prevent successful development of new technologies. Example risk assessment and risk mitigation strategies are provided from a recent subsurface safety valve technology development project. Mitigation strategies include fixture level testing, design changes, and deep client collaboration. In the example project, it is estimated that the total development time was reduced by as much as 50% by implementing these strategies. While a subsurface safety valve development is used in this example, it is believed that many strategies are applicable to other domains.

scholarly journals Technological innovation in neurosurgery: a quantitative study

2015 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hani J. Marcus ◽  
Archie Hughes-Hallett ◽  
Richard M. Kwasnicki ◽  
Ara Darzi ◽  
Guang-Zhong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Image Guidance ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Search Term ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Boolean Search ◽  
Highly Correlated

OBJECT Technological innovation within health care may be defined as the introduction of a new technology that initiates a change in clinical practice. Neurosurgery is a particularly technology-intensive surgical discipline, and new technologies have preceded many of the major advances in operative neurosurgical techniques. The aim of the present study was to quantitatively evaluate technological innovation in neurosurgery using patents and peer-reviewed publications as metrics of technology development and clinical translation, respectively. METHODS The authors searched a patent database for articles published between 1960 and 2010 using the Boolean search term “neurosurgeon OR neurosurgical OR neurosurgery.” The top 50 performing patent codes were then grouped into technology clusters. Patent and publication growth curves were then generated for these technology clusters. A top-performing technology cluster was then selected as an exemplar for a more detailed analysis of individual patents. RESULTS In all, 11,672 patents and 208,203 publications related to neurosurgery were identified. The top-performing technology clusters during these 50 years were image-guidance devices, clinical neurophysiology devices, neuromodulation devices, operating microscopes, and endoscopes. In relation to image-guidance and neuromodulation devices, the authors found a highly correlated rapid rise in the numbers of patents and publications, which suggests that these are areas of technology expansion. An in-depth analysis of neuromodulation-device patents revealed that the majority of well-performing patents were related to deep brain stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Patent and publication data may be used to quantitatively evaluate technological innovation in neurosurgery.

scholarly journals Emission Reduction of Fuel-Staged Aircraft Engine Combustor Using an Additional Premixed Fuel Nozzle

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Yamamoto ◽  
Kazuo Shimodaira ◽  
Seiji Yoshida ◽  
Yoji Kurosawa
Keyword(s):  
Technology Development ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Technology Development Project ◽  
Fuel Nozzle ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency

The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) is conducting research and development on aircraft engine technologies to reduce environmental impact for the Technology Development Project for Clean Engines (TechCLEAN). As a part of the project, combustion technologies have been developed with an aggressive target that is an 80% reduction over the NOx threshold of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection (CAEP)/4 standard. A staged fuel nozzle with a pilot mixer and a main mixer was developed and tested using a single-sector combustor under the target engine's landing and takeoff (LTO) cycle conditions with a rated output of 40 kN and an overall pressure ratio of 25.8. The test results showed a 77% reduction over the CAEP/4 NOx standard. However, the reduction in smoke at thrust conditions higher than the 30% MTO condition and of CO emission at thrust conditions lower than the 85% MTO condition are necessary. In the present study, an additional fuel burner was designed and tested with the staged fuel nozzle in a single-sector combustor to control emissions. The test results show that the combustor enables an 82% reduction in NOx emissions relative to the ICAO CAEP/4 standard and a drastic reduction in smoke and CO emissions.

scholarly journals Uncertainty-reducing techniques in technological innovation

1980 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-93
Author(s):  
A. J.A. Sparrius
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Development Projects

Technology-intensive innovation is fraught with all sorts of uncertainties - uncertainties which can neither be averted nor ignored but have to be managed. This paper discusses techniques on how to handle such uncertainties in high-technology development projects under conditions of severe time pressure. The key lies in postponing decision-making if uncertainty is intolerably high, and structuring the development project in such a manner that progress is not delayed, while taking steps to rapidly and systematically reduce the uncertainty. These techniques turn out to be simple but profound.Tegnologie-intensiewe innovasie word gekenmerk deur allerlei soorte onsekerhede - onsekerhede wat nog vermy nog verontagsaam kan word. Hierdie artikel bespreek tegnieke vir die hantering van sulke onsekerhede in hoe-tegnologie ontwikkelingsprojekte onder ernstige tydsdruk. Die sleutel le in die uitstel van besluitneming indien die onsekerhede ontoelaatbaar groot is, en in die strukturering van die ontwikkelingsprojek in so 'n wyse dat vordering nie belemmer word nie, terwyl stappe geneem word om die onsekerhede vinnig maar stelselmatig uit die weg te ruim. Hierdie tegnieke blyk eenvoudig dog diepgaande te wees.

scholarly journals HUMAN AND MACHINE CREATIVITY: SOCIAL AND ETHICAL ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 430-443
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Suchacka ◽  
Rafał Muster ◽  
Mariusz Wojewoda
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Robot Ethics ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Ethical Reflections ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

The paper has a review character, and the presented analysis is based on theoretical considerations referring to the works of other authors. The aim of the paper is to draw attention to the importance of human creativity in the context of technology development, with special emphasis on artificial intelligence. For the purpose of exploration, the study applies philosophical methods, especially methods typical of ethical reflections, also supported by the analysis of existing data derived from social sciences, especially contemporary sociology. The study is synthetic in nature and includes theoretical considerations concerning several issues. Positive and creative possibilities of using artificial intelligence in social and economic life were shown. Potential threats that may be associated with the inappropriate use of artificial intelligence – robots and information systems were also identified. Potential threats resulting from too much trust of people in algorithms were shown. Attention is focused on social and ethical aspects of the human-machine relationship, with special emphasis on the dimension of pragmatism, trust and fascination with new technologies, as well as the principles of robot ethics. A significant part of the considerations also refers to the effects of automation processes, including the functioning of the labour market, human creative abilities and appropriate competences. The third part of the study indicates still undeveloped research fields related to artificial intelligence. The conducted analysis may indicate the direction for further sociological and philosophical research that considers the specificity of the artificial intelligence functioning and seeks support in interdisciplinary research teams.

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