scholarly journals Changes in tight junctions of thyroid epithelium with changes in thyroid activity.

1975 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 657-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
L W Tice ◽  
S H Wollman ◽  
R C Carter
Keyword(s):  
Tight Junction ◽  
Tight Junctions ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Activity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Rat Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Epithelium ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

The morphology of the tight junction of rat thyroid epithelium was examined in freeze-fractured material fixed in glutaraldehyde and briefly glycerinated. In normal thyroids the overall appearance of this junctional specialization resembled that of other cell types in many respects. Short-term changes in thyroid activity and hypophysectomy for 3 wk did not obviously affect the appearance of tight junctions. Feeding of the goitrogen, thiouracil, which stimulates secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone, resulted in the appearance of some very narrow and some very wide, tight junctions or sometimes junctions with both wide and narrow regions within the same cell.

Elevations in Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone in Normal Subjects after Receiving Short-Term Lithium Carbonate

1988 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merlin V. Nelson ◽  
Vickie Tutag-Lehr ◽  
R. Lee Evans
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Carbonate ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Early Rise ◽  
State Concentration ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Nine normal, healthy male subjects had significantly elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations while receiving oral lithium carbonate for two weeks. The mean minimum lithium serum concentration was 0.765 mEq/L. The TSH concentrations after 15 days on lithium were significantly correlated to the TSH concentration at baseline. No correlation was found between mean minimum lithium steady-state concentration and TSH concentration after 15 days on lithium. Further research is necessary to determine if a high baseline TSH concentration or an early rise in TSH will predict those patients who will eventually develop hypothyroidism after long-term lithium therapy.

scholarly journals Symplekin, a novel type of tight junction plaque protein.

1996 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 1003-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
B H Keon ◽  
S Schäfer ◽  
C Kuhn ◽  
C Grund ◽  
W W Franke
Keyword(s):  
Tight Junction ◽  
Tight Junctions ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Calculated Molecular Weight ◽  
Zonula Occludens ◽  
Cytoplasmic Face ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Vascular Endothelia

Using a monoclonal antibody we have identified and cDNA-cloned a novel type of protein localized, by light and electron microscopy, to the plaque associated with the cytoplasmic face of the tight junction-containing zone (zonula occludens) of polar epithelial cells and of Sertoli cells of testis, but absent from the junctions of vascular endothelia. The approximately 3.7-kb mRNA encodes a polypeptide of 1142 amino acids (calculated molecular weight 126.5 kD, pI 6.25), for which the name "symplekin" (from Greek sigma upsilon mu pi lambda epsilon kappa epsilon iota, nu, to tie together, to weave, to be intertwined) is proposed. However, both the mRNA and the protein can also be detected in a wide range of cell types that do not form tight junctions or are even completely devoid of any stable cell contacts. Careful analyses have revealed that the protein occurs in all these diverse cells in the nucleoplasm, and only in those cells forming tight junctions is it recruited, partly but specifically, to the plaque structure of the zonula occludens. We discuss symplekin as a representative of a group of dual residence proteins which occur and probably function in the nucleus as well as in the plaques exclusive for either tight junctions, adherens junctions, or desmosomes.

Sensitivity of rat adenohypophyseal cells to estradiol and LHRH during long-term culture

1981 ◽  
Vol 240 (6) ◽  
pp. E602-E608
Author(s):  
L. Lagace ◽  
F. Labrie ◽  
T. Antakly ◽  
G. Pelletier
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Pituitary Cells ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone ◽  
Lh Release ◽  
Lh Rh ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

To determine possible effects of the time in culture on the responsiveness of the different pituitary cell types to estrogens, rat anterior pituitary cells were incubated up to 20 days in the presence or absence of 10 nM 17 beta-estradiol. Whereas spontaneous luteinizing hormone (LH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) release decreased by 85-90%, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin accumulation in medium were only 50% decreased after 20 days in culture, thus suggesting that the secretion of FSH and prolactin is less dependent on extrinsic stimulatory factors. Estradiol increased spontaneous LH release and its responsiveness to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) up to day 16 in culture, whereas the stimulatory effect of the estrogen on FSH secretion was significant only up to day 6. The stimulatory effect of estradiol on basal TSH release was seen up to day 8 in culture, whereas that on spontaneous prolactin release increased progressively after day 8 in culture up to the last time interval studied (20 days). As revealed by immunocytochemistry, the stimulatory effect of estradiol was not due to changes of cell growth.

The effects of propylthiouracil, thyroxine, and hypophysectomy on the iodinating activity of the rat thyroid gland

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Zimmerman ◽  
C. C. Yip
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Rapid Decrease ◽  
Daily Injection ◽  
The Third ◽  
Thyroxine Treatment ◽  
Rat Thyroid ◽  
Rat Thyroid Gland ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

The effects of increasing or decreasing the endogenous secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone on the iodinating activity of the rat thyroid gland were investigated. The thyroid iodinating activity of rats on 0.01% propylthiouracil in the drinking water increased linearly for 3 days and reached a maximum of 230 to 240% of the control on or about the fourth day of treatment. The daily injection of thyroxine (10 μg/100 g intraperitoneally) or hypophysectomy resulted in a rapid decrease in the iodinating activity between the first and second day, approaching a basal level by the third day. When the iodinating activity was suppressed for 4 days by daily injections of thyroxine, the activity began to rise on the fifth day after termination of thyroxine treatment.

Thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyrocalcitonin content in rat thyroid

1976 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 449-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menelaos A. Aliapoulios ◽  
George P. Kacoyanis
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Rat Thyroid ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

scholarly journals Differential effect of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) on intracellular free calcium and cAMP in cells transfected with the human TSH receptor

1998 ◽  
Vol 157 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Metcalfe ◽  
C Findlay ◽  
WR Robertson ◽  
AP Weetman ◽  
S Mac Neil
Keyword(s):  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Intracellular Calcium ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Tsh Receptor ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Thyroid Cells ◽  
Single Addition ◽  
Rat Thyroid ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

The thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) binds to a receptor which activates adenylate cyclase and elevates cAMP concentration. In addition, effects of TSH on intracellular calcium and inositol phosphate accumulation have been reported. However, the mechanism of TSH-stimulated accumulation of inositol phosphates and elevation of calcium levels is unresolved. Previous work from this laboratory has shown TSH to cause acute transient increases in intracellular calcium in pig, human and FR TL-5 rat thyroid cells as well as in cell transfected with the human TSH receptor (JPO9 cells) in some (but not all) experiments. The aim of this study was to investigate the variability of the calcium response to TSH in JPO9 cells to learn more about the nature of this calcium signal induction. Calcium responses to TSH were determined using the fluorochrome fura-2 in both monolayers of adherent cells and adherent single cells. The responses to a single addition and to repetitive additions of TSH were compared. We also determined the cAMP response to TSH using these two protocols of TSH addition. Our data show that, whereas the cAMP response to TSH is highly predictable and consistent and does not require multiple exposures to TSH, cells were unlikely to respond to TSH with an increase in calcium unless they received multiple challenges with the hormone. A single addition of 10 mU/ml TSH failed to increase calcium in any of 40 single cells examined and in only 4 of 15 monolayers of cells (27%) examined; in contrast, 10 of 12 monolayers eventually responded with an increase in calcium after multiple exposure to TSH and 18 of 67 single cells. Similar data were obtained whether calcium was measured in single cells or in populations of cells. We also demonstrated cooperativity between an adenosine derivative, N6-(L-2-phenylisopropyl)adenosine, and TSH such that their co-administration resulted in a consistent and marked elevation in calcium levels not achieved with either agonist alone. In summary, we suggest that the coupling between the TSH receptor and the intracellular signalling system that leads to activation of intracellular calcium in JPO9 cells requires repetitive stimulation or the influence of other agonists, in contrast with the coupling between the TSH receptor and activation of the adenylate cyclase enzyme.

scholarly journals Immunocytochemical localization of glycoprotein hormones in the rat anterior pituitary. A light and electron microscope study using antisera against rat bet subunits: a comparison between preembedding and postembeeding methods.

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Tougard ◽  
R Picart ◽  
A Tixier-Vidal
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Thyrotropic Cells ◽  
Rat Thyroid ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

The binding sites of antisera (anti) to the beta (beta) subunits of rat follicle-stimulating hormone (rFSH), rat luteinizing hormone (rLH), and rat thyroid-stimulating hormone (rTSH) have been localized in rat anterior pituitaries by immunocytochemistry using light and electron microscopy. With the light microscope, LHbeta and FSHbeta were found in the same cells, which were violet after the alcian blue-periodic acid Schiff (AB-PAS) staining. TSHbeta was found in polygonal or stellate cells that were blue after AB-PAS. With the electron microscope, the thyrotropic cells contained very small secretory granules. LHbeta and FSHbeta were found in various types of cells (types A and B and their intermediate forms), which had previously been identified as gonadotropic cells. On serial ultrathin sections using the postembedding method the same cells and even some granules inside these cells were stained by both anti-rLHbeta and anti-rFSHbeta. A comparison of binding sites of anti-rLHbeta was performed using the preembeeding and the postembeeding methods. Antigenicity was observed on secretory granules whatever the method used. However, binding sites of anti-rLHbeta were detected inside the cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum only with the preembedding method.

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY OF INDIVIDUAL ADENOHYPOPHYSIAL CELLS

1971 ◽  
Vol 68 (1_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S168-S189 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Leleux ◽  
C. Robyn
Keyword(s):  
Present Report ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Cross Reactions ◽  
Immunohistochemical Studies ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

ABSTRACT Immunohistochemistry is the intracellular detection of antigens by the use of specific antibodies labelled with a tracer. The choice of the tracer is such that the sites of the antigen-antibody reactions can be visualized by microscopic examination. The present report refers to the human pituitary where most of the immunohistochemical identifications of adenohypophysial cells were conducted with antibodies specific of their hormonal content and labelled with fluorescein isothiocyanate as tracer. Such immunohistochemical identifications had to be correlated to the morphological nomenclatures of the glandular cells based on histochemical stainings. Confusion has been introduced in these nomenclatures by the definition of three to eight cell types using different criteria and different terminologies. In the present report, owing to this absence of standardization, the comparative evaluation of immunohistochemical data have been based on Romeis (1940) and Pearse & van Noorden (1963) nomenclatures. There is strong experimental evidence supporting the localization of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) in the basophils of Romeis β type (R-mucoids of Pearse). Somatotrophic hormone (STH) has been consistently found in the acidophils of Romeis a type. In the human, there is no direct evidence to support the localization of prolactin (LTH) in the acidophils of Romeis ε type. Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) have both been located in the basophils of Romeis δ type (S-mucoids of Pearse). Further investigations into the human and also into other mammalian species are required to determine if the gonadotrophic hormones have different localizations on the cellular or on the subcellular level. The immunohistochemical localizations of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) have not been convincingly achieved. The conclusions drawn from immunohistochemical studies of the adenohypophysis are essentially limited by the cross reactions existing between STH and prolactin, between ACTH and MSH and between LH, FSH and TSH. More experimental data on these immunological cross reactions are still required before more accurate morphological discriminations can be achieved between the cell types secreting STH and prolactin, between those secreting ACTH and MSH and between those secreting LH, FSH and TSH. In addition, when hormones of the adenohypophysis are chemically and/or antigenically closely related, the cells responsible for their secretion are morphologically very similar too. Finally, immunohistochemical studies revealed the lack of species specificity of the pituitary hormones. Extensive cross reactions have been shown between human STH and STH of all mammalian species studied so far. Consistent cross reactions were also found between human gonadotrophins and those of several mammalian species.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document