scholarly journals STUDIES ON ANTIBODY PRODUCTION

1963 ◽  
Vol 117 (6) ◽  
pp. 1035-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria C. Michaelides ◽  
Albert H. Coons
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Antibody Formation ◽  
Culture Fluid ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Plasma Clot ◽  
Anamnestic Response ◽  
Hind Foot ◽  
High Concentrations

Rabbits were injected into the hind foot with diphtheria toxoid and bovine serum albumin. Fragments of popliteal lymph node taken from them several months later were placed in plasma-clot cultures with Eagle's medium. When antigen was added to the culture fluid, anamnestic antibody responses occurred regularly. When the antigen was diphtheria, responsiveness remained for 4 days after the beginning of the culture. When it was bovine serum albumin, responsiveness lasted for about 8 days. Once an anamnestic response had begun, antibody formation continued for 4 weeks or more. High concentrations of bovine serum albumin (0.5 mg/ml) did not inhibit the response. When both antigens were used to stimulate the same culture, it was found that the two responses were independent.

Interaction of Bis-Guanidinium Acetates Surfactants with Bovine Serum Albumin Evaluated by Spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-194
Author(s):  
Yongbo Song ◽  
Yulan Niu ◽  
Hongyan Zheng ◽  
Ying Yao
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Cd Spectroscopy ◽  
Binding Characteristics ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Quenching Efficiency ◽  
Hydrophobic Chain ◽  
Upward Curvature ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract The interactions between cocopropane bis-guanidinium acetates, tallowpropane bis-guanidinium acetates with bovine serum albumin (BSA) in an aqueous solution were studied by fluorescence and circular dichroic spectroscopy measurements. The aim of the study was to elucidate the influence of the hydrophilic group and the length of the hydrophobic chain of these surfactants on the mechanism of binding to BSA. The results revealed that for both surfactants, at low concentrations, the Stern–Volmer plots had an upward curvature and at high concentrations, the quenching efficiency was decreased with increase in surfactant concentration. Different thermodynamics parameters demonstrated the existence of hydrogen bond and van der Waals force which acting as binding forces. Static quenching was observed among the protein and surfactant. The conformation of BSA was changed at higher surfactant concentrations as shown by synchronous fluorescence and CD spectroscopy. This work reveals the mechanism and binding characteristics between guanidine surfactants and protein, and provided the basis for further applications of surfactants.

Immunotolerance to Insulin and Freund's Adjuvant

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 865-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Moloney ◽  
M. A. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Antibody Formation ◽  
Essential Factor ◽  
Incomplete Freund’S Adjuvant ◽  
Freund’S Adjuvant ◽  
Complete Freund's Adjuvant ◽  
Freund's Adjuvant ◽  
Induction Of Tolerance

Prior injections of incomplete Freund's Adjuvant with saline did not suppress antibody formation by ox insulin. This finding is in contrast to that of Jankovic (Colloq. Int. Cent. Nat. Rech. Sci. 116, 187 (1963)), namely that prior injection of complete Freund's Adjuvant suppressed antibody formation to bovine serum albumin. The essential factor in the induction of tolerance to insulin by injection of maleyl insulin in incomplete Freund's Adjuvant is maleyl insulin.

scholarly journals THE TERMINATION OF IMMUNOLOGICAL UNRESPONSIVENESS TO BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN IN RABBITS

1970 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Benjamin ◽  
W. O. Weigle
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Antibody Formation ◽  
Simultaneous Injection ◽  
Equivalent Age ◽  
Immunological Status

Rabbits made unresponsive to BSA at birth were given two courses of immunization with various cross-reacting albumins at 3 months of age. Normal control rabbits, of equivalent age and weight, were similarly immunized. Sera obtained 7 days after the last injection were assayed for binding and precipitating antibody to six albumins and for their avidity for BSA. No significant differences were found between unresponsive and normal rabbits in the amount of antibody reacting with any of the six albumins used. This was the case regardless which albumin was used to terminate the unresponsive state. Avidity differences were seen and seemed to depend on the antigen used and not on the immunological status of the animal. The simultaneous injection of small amounts of BSA inhibited the termination of unresponsiveness. These results were discussed in the light of the more recent theories of the termination of unresponsiveness and of antibody formation.

scholarly journals THE X-Y-Z SCHEME OF IMMUNOCYTE MATURATION

1968 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera S. Byers ◽  
Eli E. Sercarz
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Antibody Formation ◽  
Memory Cell ◽  
Secondary Response ◽  
Antigen Concentration

A concentration of 5 mg/ml bovine serum albumin (BSA) prevents the in vitro elicitation of a secondary response in primed rabbit popliteal lymph nodes, if it is left in contact with the node fragments for the first 6 days of culture. No antibody formation can be detected at any time during the culture period in most cases, although occasional fragments are resistant to inhibition. Reducing the exposure time to the first 3 days of culture delays the peak of the antibody response. The inhibition is antigen specific. Reconstruction experiments demonstrate that the inhibition is not due to antigen masking of the antibody. Even shortly after optimal stimulation, the addition of 5 mg/ml BSA to the fragments was not able to prevent a normal antibody response. The implications of these findings are that (a) a high antigen concentration suspends the memory cell in a reversibly paralyzed state, (b) memory cells have a heterogeneous susceptibility to inhibition, (c) once induced, the antibody response cannot be inhibited by antigen overloading, (d) unresponsiveness in a primed animal can be due to either exhaustion of the memory cell population or paralysis of the memory cell.

Protection against Klebsiella pneumoniae induced lobar pneumonia in rats with lipopolysaccharide and related antigens

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 885-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamta Rani ◽  
Rajesh K. Gupta ◽  
S. Chhibber
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Lipid A ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Lobar Pneumonia ◽  
Key Words Lipopolysaccharide ◽  
Shwartzman Reaction ◽  
High Concentrations

The immunoprotective role of lipopolysaccharide and related antigens from Klebsiella pneumoniae was studied in a lobar pneumonia model developed in rats. Various antigens were obtained by different chemical treatments of the lipopolysaccharide. All these antigens (purified lipopolysaccharide, reduced lipopolysaccharide, lipopolysaccharide – bovine serum albumin complex, and lipid A – bovine serum albumin complex were tested for pyrogenicity and the Shwartzman reaction. The lipopolysaccharide and the various related antigens were pyrogenic and elicited a positive Shwartzman reaction at high concentrations. However, at low concentrations, the same preparations did not show any side effects. All these antigens, on the other hand, were protective against bacterial challenge in Klebsiella pneumoniae induced lobar pneumonia in rats, as the bacterial colonization of lungs in the immunized animals was significantly lower when compared with the controls. The alveolar macrophages from these animals also showed significantly more uptake of Klebsiella pneumoniae as compared with those obtained from control animals. Key words: lipopolysaccharide, vaccine, pneumonia, protection.

scholarly journals Immunization with Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) in Oil-Adjuvant Elicits IgM Antibody Response in Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtle (Pelodiscus Sinensis)

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Cheng Xu ◽  
Jiehao Xu ◽  
Yu Chen ◽  
Øystein Evensen ◽  
Hetron Mweemba Munang’andu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Pelodiscus Sinensis ◽  
Antibody Levels

Immunoassays are among the frontline methods used for disease diagnosis and surveillance. Despite this, there are no immunoassays developed for the Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis), which has expanded into large scale commercial production in several Asian countries. One of the critical factors delaying the development of immunoassays is the lack of characterized soft-shelled turtle immunoglobulins. Herein, we used mass spectrometry together with the ProtQuest software to identify the soft-shelled turtle IgM heavy chain in serum, which again was used to produce a polyclonal anti-turtle-IgM in rabbits. Thereafter, the polyclonal anti-turtle-IgM was used as a secondary antibody in an indirect ELISA to evaluate antibody responses of soft-shelled turtles injected with the bovine serum albumin (BSA) model antigen. Our findings show that only turtle immunized with a water-in-oil BSA plus ISA 763A VG adjuvant (SEPPIC, France) emulsion had antibodies detected at 42 days post vaccination (dpv) while turtles injected with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) only as well as turtle injected with BSA dissolved in PBS had no significant antibody levels detected in serum throughout the study period. In summary, our findings show that rabbit polyclonal anti-turtle-IgM produced can be used in ELISA to measure serum antibody responses in immunized soft-shelled turtles. Future studies should explore its application in other immunoassays needed for the disease diagnosis and vaccine development for soft-shelled turtles.

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