scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF ANTISERUM, ALONE AND WITH HYDROCORTISONE, ON FOETAL MOUSE BONES IN CULTURE

1965 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honor B. Fell ◽  
L. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Lysosomal Enzymes ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Rabbit Antiserum ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Normal Rabbit Serum ◽  
Limb Bones ◽  
Mouse Tissues ◽  
Antigen Antibody ◽  
Indirect Action

1. The effects of normal rabbit serum and of rabbit antiserum to whole foetal mouse tissues, on the isolated limb bones of late foetal mice were studied in organ culture, and the influence of hydrocortisone on these effects was investigated. 2. Unheated normal serum caused slight loss of metachromatic material from the cartilage matrix, and some resorption of both cartilage and bone. 3. In unheated antiserum to foetal mouse tissues, the terminal cartilage was smaller and less metachromatic than in paired controls in normal serum, while osteoclasis was so intense that in many explants the bone had almost disappeared. The amount of necrosis varied with different batches of antiserum. 4. The changes produced by normal serum and antiserum could be largely prevented by heating the sera to 57°C for 45 minutes. 5. The effects could also be inhibited by the addition of hydrocortisone to the unheated sera; as little as 0.1 µg hydrocortisone per ml of medium had a well marked protective action. 6. It is suggested that (a) unheated antiserum causes a release of lysosomal enzymes with consequent breakdown of intercellular material, (b) this release is due to an indirect action on the lysosome via an increased permeability of the cell membrane, (c) hydrocortisone does not affect the antigen-antibody reaction, but inhibits the autolytic changes that normally follow this reaction, possibly by stabilising both the lysosomal and cell membranes.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF SALICYLATES ON THE PRECIPITATION OF ANTIGEN WITH ANTIBODY

1943 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvin F. Coburn ◽  
Eleanor M. Kapp
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Sodium Salicylate ◽  
Sodium Tungstate ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Rabbit Antiserum ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Normal Rabbit Serum ◽  
Egg Albumin ◽  
Immune Precipitation ◽  
Lyotropic Series

1. Sodium salicylate modifies the precipitation of normal rabbit serum protein by sodium tungstate, and partially inhibits the precipitation of horse serum euglobulin by rabbit antiserum. Sodium salicylate added to a system containing crystalline egg albumin and its antibody partly prevents the formation of precipitate, the degree of inhibition being related to the concentration of salicylate. 2. Precipitation in the equivalence zone is more readily prevented by salicylate than precipitation in the region of antibody excess, the immune system becoming progressively less sensitive to the action of salicylate as the excess of antibody becomes larger. 3. Formed precipitates were partly dissolved following resuspension in the presence of salicylate. 4. The salicylate effect on immune precipitation is reversible, and appears to be due to inactivation of antibody. 5. Salicylate was more effective in preventing specific precipitation than other anions of a lyotropic series tested.

scholarly journals THE PROTECTIVE ACTION OF TYPE I ANTIPNEUMOCOCCUS SERUM IN MICE

1936 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Goodner ◽  
Frank L. Horsfall
Keyword(s):  
Selective Adsorption ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Type I ◽  
Antibody Complex ◽  
Antigen Antibody

1. The addition of small amounts of cholesterol and of cephalin reduces markedly the protective action of antipneumococcus horse serum. 2. These lipids do not affect the protective action of antipneumococcus rabbit serum. 3. These findings may be explained (a)by the selective adsorption of lipid on the antigen-antibody complex, and (b) by certain lipid antagonisms. 4. The failure of large amounts of immune horse serum to protect mice against pneumococcus infection is explicable on the basis of selective participation of lipids dependent upon the species from which the antibody is derived. 5. The lipids modify the results of protection tests only through participation in the process of specific sensitization.

Nonadrenergic noncholinergic neurotransmitter of feline trachealis: VIP or nitric oxide?

1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Fisher ◽  
J. W. Anderson ◽  
M. A. Waldron
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Passive Immunization ◽  
Electrical Field Stimulation ◽  
Isometric Tension ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Normal Rabbit Serum ◽  
Response Curves

We tested the hypothesis that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) or nitric oxide (NO) is the nonadrenergic noncholinergic (NANC) neurotransmitter in feline trachealis. Isometric tension was measured in trachealis (open or closed tracheal rings) in vitro. Propranolol (10 microM) and atropine (1 microM) were present throughout the experiment, and smooth muscle tone was increased to 60–90% maximal with 5-hydroxytryptamine. We used three methodologies to reduce the relaxation function of VIP, which in turn should reduce NANC-mediated relaxation. 1) The putative VIP antagonist peptide T (10 microM) did not affect VIP concentration-response curves or electrical field stimulation- (EFS) induced NANC responses. 2) Incubation of tissue in specific VIP antiserum (16 h at 4 degrees C) did not reduce EFS-induced NANC relaxations relative to tissue incubated in normal rabbit serum (P > 0.05). On the basis of our passive immunization techniques, it is not possible to absolutely reject VIP as the NANC transmitter. We speculate that nonspecific peptidases present in normal serum and VIP antiserum reduce EFS-induced responses similarly. 3) VIP desensitization, confirmed by a significant rightward shift (P < 0.01) in the VIP concentration-response curve, was achieved by exposing tissues (n = 11) to 1.0 microM VIP for 30 min. Desensitization did not reduce the EFS-induced NANC relaxatory response (P < 0.05) compared with control tissues, suggesting that VIP is not the NANC mediator.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Analysis of human myelogenous leukemia cells in the fluorescence- activated cell sorter using a tumor-specific antiserum

Blood ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 858-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Malcolm ◽  
PM Logan ◽  
RC Shipman ◽  
R Kurth ◽  
JG Levy
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Rabbit Antiserum ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Normal Rabbit Serum ◽  
Cell Sorter ◽  
Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia ◽  
Acute Myelogenous

Abstract The properties of a rabbit antiserum (anti-AML) raised to a purified protein from membranes of human acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cells is described. Bone marrow and peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) from either normal individuals or patients with either myeloproliferative or other disorders were analyzed in a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS IV) after labeling with anti-AML, normal rabbit serum (NRS), or antiserum raised to normal human membrane antigens. Of 40 cell samples from patients with acute myelogenous leukemia, 39 reacted strongly with the anti-AML antiserum. Similarly, all of 19 specimens from patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia reacted with the anti-AML. When 42 bone marrow or PBL samples from patients with a variety of lymphoproliferative disorders were examined, 2 specimens reacted with the antiserum, both from individuals with diagnoses of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). None of the 14 normal bone marrow or PBL donor specimens tested reacted with the antiserum. It was also found that essentially all samples from patients in clinical remission from AML had high numbers of cells reactive with the anti-AML. When cells from such individuals were labeled and sorted on the FACS IV, it was found that cells fluorescing strongly with the anti-AML contained cells of both myeloid and lymphoid origin. The implications of these results are discussed.

THYROGLOBULIN IMMUNITY

1968 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Medda ◽  
B. N. Premachandra
Keyword(s):  
Immune Globulin ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Rana Catesbeiana ◽  
Potent Inhibitor ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Normal Rabbit Serum ◽  
The Media

ABSTRACT Metamorphosis of Rana catesbeiana tadpoles immersed in a medium containing thyroxine (T4) occurred in 58 days, whereas 79 days were required for tadpoles treated with albumin + T4 complex in media, and at 121 days 50 % metamorphosis occurred in the group whose medium contained normal rabbit serum + T4. No metamorphosis occurred in tadpoles which had rabbit antiporcine thyroglobulin + T4 complex in media. Similarly the retardation of hind limb growth in comparison to the control at 58 days was most severe in animals treated with antithyroglobulin + T4 complex in media (74.3 % depression) followed by normal serum + T4 (60.1 % less) and bovine albumin + T4 complex (30 % inhibition) treated animals. In further investigations, in comparison to controls (only 125I-T4 in media), 62.4%, 77.0%, and 82.4% less 125I-T4 concentration was seen in viscera, tail, and carcass respectively of tadpoles treated with immune globulin + 125I-T4 in the media, whereas no change was seen in the group treated with normal gammaglobulin + 125I-T4 complex; similarly no changes in visceral 125I-T4 concentration were noted in groups whose media contained thyroglobulin in complex with 125I-T4. Present investigations therefore show that normal rabbit serum (apparently any good T4 binding protein) is a potent inhibitor of metamorphosis of tadpoles, the effectiveness mediated at least in part, on the inability of the larva to split thyroxine-protein complexes in their body. Antiporcine thyroglobulin rabbit serum was shown to be superior to normal rabbit serum in inhibiting tadpole metamorphosis, evidently due to additional T4 binding sites provided by the immune globulin. Available evidence indicates that antithyroglobulin binding of T4 is distinct and is evidently not due to thyroglobulin that may be in complex with the thyroid antibody.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF TESTICLE EXTRACT AND OF NORMAL SERUM ON A TRANSPLANTABLE EPITHELIAL TUMOR OF THE RABBIT

1931 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Duran-Reynals
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Normal Rabbit Serum ◽  
Epithelial Tumor ◽  
Tumor Cell Suspension

Extract of rat, rabbit or bull testicle prevents or retards the growth of a rabbit tumor when a mixture of the extract and a tumor cell suspension is inoculated intradermally. Similar mixtures, made with normal rabbit serum instead of testicle extract, give rise to tumors which grow with unusual rapidity. The results are the opposite of those obtained with pathogenic bacteria or filtrable viruses which are enhanced by testicle extract and generally inhibited by normal serum.

scholarly journals THE INTERACTION IN VITRO BETWEEN GROUP B MENINGOCOCCI AND RABBIT POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES

1967 ◽  
Vol 126 (5) ◽  
pp. 795-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Normal Rabbit Serum ◽  
Opsonic Activity ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Group B

The interaction in vitro between group B meningococci and rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes has been described. Phagocytosis did not occur in the presence of normal rabbit serum. Antiserum collected 12–21 days following one subcutaneous inoculation of living log phase meningococci exhibited opsonic activity with type specificity; this opsonic action depended on both heat-labile and heat-stable factors. Following ingestion by granulocytes, meningococci were rapidly killed. These studies suggest that group B meningococcal strains contain specific antiphagocytic surface factors of an as yet unknown chemical nature. Antisera obtained 4 or more wk after immunization showed bactericidal activity with the same type specificity as opsonic activity. This bactericidal activity was also lost after heating and restored by the addition of normal serum. Further studies on opsonins and bactericidins for meningococci may shed light on virulence factors in these microorganisms, and may prove useful for a more precise classification of meningococci according to type rather than group specificity.

scholarly journals Immunity to the group B streptococci: interaction of serum and macrophages with types Ia, Ib, and Ic.

1976 ◽  
Vol 143 (5) ◽  
pp. 1186-1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
B F Anthony
Keyword(s):  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Immune Serum ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Group B Streptococci ◽  
Opsonic Activity ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Group B ◽  
Antigen Antibody

The opsonization and phagocytosis of group B streptococci of types Ia, Ib, and Ic were studied in vitro by measuring the uptake of radioactivity by coverslip cultures of rabbit alevolar macrophages during incubation with radiolabeled, nonviable bacteria which had been exposed to rabbit serum. The uptake of counts per minute was quantitative, reproducible, and reversibly inhibited by cold, indicating that it was largely a measurement of phagocytic ingestion rather than of attachment of bacteria-immunoglobulin complexes to macrophage membranes. Moreover, suspended macrophages killed approximately 90% of viable streptococci in the presence of specific antiserum. The opsonic activity of immune serum was heat stable, and phagocytosis of streptococci was insignificant after incubation with normal serum and antiserum to some heterologous group B streptococci. By absorption studies, it was possible to identify the effect of antibodies to specific bacterial antigens. Phagocytosis of streptococci containing the corresponding antigens was maximal after opsonization with homologous or heterologous sera containing antibody to IaCHO, IbCHO, or Ibc protein. Phagocytosis of all three serotypes was intermediate when opsonization could be attributed to anti-IabcCHO. The opsonization of a specific group B streptococcus is complex and may involve two or more antigen-antibody systems.

scholarly journals LOCALIZATION OF MYOGLOBIN IN HUMAN SKELETAL MUSCLE USING FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE

1967 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 436-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAWRENCE J. KAGEN ◽  
RAYA GUREVICH
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
Rabbit Antiserum ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody Technique ◽  
Normal Rabbit Serum ◽  
Antibody Technique ◽  
Human Myoglobin

Rabbit antiserum to human myoglobin was used with the indirect fluorescent antibody technique to localize this protein in human skeletal muscle. Specific fluorescence was noted, in rapidly frozen and acetone-fixed sections, to be located at the transverse striations, at the sarcolemmal regions and at certain fibrillar structures within the cell. The antibody fluorescence reaction was shown to be specific for myoglobin, and was not produced by normal rabbit serum of serum of rabbits immunized with bacterial antigens. The reaction was abolished by prior absorption of the antimyoglobin serum with myoglobin, and was found to be absent in tissues deficient in myoglobin (lung, kidney, spleen, liver and uterus). Omission of acetone fixation or delayed freezing resulted in leakage of myoglobin from the cell and loss of specific intracellular localization. Sarcolemmal localization appeared to be somewhat more stable.

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK OF SECRETION OF FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE BY THE PITUITARY GLAND OF DEVELOPING MALE RATS

1980 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. SHETH ◽  
GEETA R. VANAGE ◽  
A. Y. VAZE ◽  
A. N. THAKUR
Keyword(s):  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Rabbit Antiserum ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Normal Rabbit Serum ◽  
Human Seminal Plasma ◽  
In Vitro Binding ◽  
Vitro Binding ◽  
Age Dependent

Rabbit antiserum to human seminal plasma inhibin (hSPI) was administered subcutaneously to developing male rats of 5, 10, 14, 17 and 24 days of age and the size of the endogenous FSH rise in serum was measured. The FSH levels were threefold higher on day 9 and 1·5-fold higher on days 14 and 18 when compared with levels in control rats treated with normal rabbit serum. Furthermore, the in-vitro binding capacity of pituitary plasma membrane to 125I-labelled hSPI declined with increase in age of the rats. Thus, the results of the present study suggest that the sensitivity of the testicular inhibin–FSH feedback relationship is related to age-dependent changes in pituitary binding of inhibin.

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