scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF GLUCOCORTICOSTEROIDS ON THE KINETICS OF MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTES

1970 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Thompson ◽  
Ralph van Furth
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Rapid Decrease ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocytes ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hydrocortisone Acetate ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Peripheral Blood Monocytes ◽  
Kinetics Of

The effect of glucocorticosteroids on the kinetics of mononuclear phagocytes, i.e., peripheral blood monocytes and peritoneal macrophages, was studied in normal mice, as well as in mice in which an inflammatory reaction was evoked in the peritoneal cavity. The administration of glucocorticosteroids resulted in a rapid decrease (within 3–6 hr) in the number of circulating monocytes, the duration being dependent on the nature and dose of the compound. The water-soluble dexamethasone sodium phosphate is only briefly active (less than 12 hr), but hydrocortisone acetate, which forms a subcutaneous depot, reduced the number of monocytes for more than 2 wk. In normal mice, hydrocortisone did not affect the number of macrophages already present in the peritoneal cavity, but the transit of mononuclear phagocytes from the circulation into the peritoneal cavity was arrested. During an inflammatory response in the peritoneal cavity, hydrocortisone suppresses both the increase in the number of monocytes in the peripheral blood and the increase in the number of peritoneal macrophages. This reduction of the inflammatory exudate appeared to be due to a diminished influx of mononuclear phagocytes from the peripheral blood. No lytic action of glucocorticosteroids on the mononuclear phagocytes could be demonstrated.

scholarly journals The effect of azathioprine (Imuran) on the kinetics of monocytes and macrophages during the normal steady state and an acute inflammatory reaction

Blood ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
AE Gassmann ◽  
R van Furth
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Reaction ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Peripheral Blood Monocytes ◽  
Azathioprine Treatment ◽  
Monocytes And Macrophages ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract The effect of azathioprine on the kinetics of peripheral blood monocytes and peritoneal macrophages was studied in normal mice and in mice in which an inflammatory reaction was provoked. Two dosage levels were used: a high dose of 200mg/kg which is the maximum tolerated daily dose in mice, and low dose of 3 mg/kg which is about equivalent to a nontoxic, immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory dose in man. The number of peripheral blood monocytes decreases gradually during azathioprine treatment of normal mice, the extent and duration being dependent on the dose and duration of administered over a period of 9 days gives an almost complete reduction, and a low dose (3 mg/kg) given for the same period results in a reduction of about 50%. This effect seems to be reversible, because when treatment is stopped the number of monocytes starts to increase 24–48 hr later. The number of peritoneal macrophages is only affected when a high dose (200 mg/kg) is given over a long period; a low dose has virtually no effect. In mice in which an inflammatory reaction was prevoked in the peritoneal cavity, the normally occurring increase in the numbers of both peripheral blood monocytes and peritoneal macrophages was suppressed, the extent being dependent on the dose of azathioprine administered. Labeling studies with 3H-thymidine indicated that the reduction of peripheral blood monocytes and peritoneal macrophages in the inflammatory exudate is due to a diminished monocyte production.

scholarly journals The effect of azathioprine (Imuran) on the kinetics of monocytes and macrophages during the normal steady state and an acute inflammatory reaction

Blood ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
AE Gassmann ◽  
R van Furth
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Reaction ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Peripheral Blood Monocytes ◽  
Azathioprine Treatment ◽  
Monocytes And Macrophages ◽  
Kinetics Of

The effect of azathioprine on the kinetics of peripheral blood monocytes and peritoneal macrophages was studied in normal mice and in mice in which an inflammatory reaction was provoked. Two dosage levels were used: a high dose of 200mg/kg which is the maximum tolerated daily dose in mice, and low dose of 3 mg/kg which is about equivalent to a nontoxic, immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory dose in man. The number of peripheral blood monocytes decreases gradually during azathioprine treatment of normal mice, the extent and duration being dependent on the dose and duration of administered over a period of 9 days gives an almost complete reduction, and a low dose (3 mg/kg) given for the same period results in a reduction of about 50%. This effect seems to be reversible, because when treatment is stopped the number of monocytes starts to increase 24–48 hr later. The number of peritoneal macrophages is only affected when a high dose (200 mg/kg) is given over a long period; a low dose has virtually no effect. In mice in which an inflammatory reaction was prevoked in the peritoneal cavity, the normally occurring increase in the numbers of both peripheral blood monocytes and peritoneal macrophages was suppressed, the extent being dependent on the dose of azathioprine administered. Labeling studies with 3H-thymidine indicated that the reduction of peripheral blood monocytes and peritoneal macrophages in the inflammatory exudate is due to a diminished monocyte production.

Surfactant proteins A and D specifically stimulate directed actin-based responses in alveolar macrophages

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (1) ◽  
pp. L164-L174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael James Tino ◽  
Jo Rae Wright
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Actin Polymerization ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Surfactant Protein ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocytes ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Peripheral Blood Monocytes ◽  
Specific Effects

Surfactant protein (SP) A and SP-D are the pulmonary members of the collectin family, structurally related proteins involved in innate immune responses. Here, we have examined the abilities of SP-A, SP-D, mannose-binding protein (MBP), and the complement component C1q to stimulate actin-based cellular functions in rat alveolar macrophages and peripheral blood monocytes. Our goal in this study was to examine the cell specificity of the effects of the collectins to understand further the mechanisms by which SP-A and SP-D stimulate alveolar macrophages. We found that SP-A and SP-D have lung cell-specific effects at physiologically relevant concentrations; they stimulate directional actin polymerization and chemotaxis in alveolar macrophages but not in monocytes. Although C1q and MBP weakly stimulate the rearrangement of actin in both cell types, C1q is chemotactic only for peripheral blood monocytes and MBP does not stimulate chemotaxis of either cell type. Neither C1q nor MBP stimulates actin polymerization in alveolar macrophages. These results support the hypothesis that alveolar macrophages express receptors specific for the pulmonary collectins SP-A and SP-D and provide insight into the potential roles of collectins in the recruitment and maturation of mononuclear phagocytes in the lung.

scholarly journals Functional and metabolic characteristics of peripheral blood mononuclear phagocytes in patients with different clinical courses of multiple sclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 494-500
Author(s):  
O. M. Koliada ◽  
N. I. Vdovichenko ◽  
T. I. Kolyada ◽  
O. P. Bilozorov
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocytes ◽  
Arginase Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Arginine Metabolism ◽  
Peripheral Blood Monocytes ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Progressive Course

Functional and metabolic features of intact and stimulated mononuclear phagocytes were studied in patients with different clinical courses of multiple sclerosis, the study included 66 patients with relapsing-remitting and 32 patients with progressive course of multiple sclerosis. The state of the mononuclear phagocytes was characterized by expression of costimulatory molecules and direction of L-arginine metabolism. Relative quantities of CD80, CD86 and PD-L1 positive monocytes were determined with Phycoerytrin-labeled monoclonal antibodies in immunofluorescence test in peripheral blood and after culture in parallel series with addition of: (a) E.coli lipopolysaccharide (a stimulator of TLR4), (b) a single-stranded RNA – preparation ssRNA40/LyoVec (a stimulator of TLR7/8), (c) IL-4 (an anti-inflammatory interleukin). The formation of NO was determined by the amount of nitrite in the culture supernatants, arginase activity was determined in cell lysates of the monocyte fraction. We showed that functional and phenotypic characteristics of monocytes depend on the clinical course of multiple sclerosis. In patients with progressive course, the relative number of CD86+ cells was significantly higher and PD-L1+ cells significantly lower than in patients with relapsing-remitting course and healthy persons, in patients with relapsing-remitting course the number of PD-L1+ cells was increased. The number of CD80+ cells did not show any significant difference in the investigated groups of patients relative to the control group. In vitro stimulation of peripheral blood monocytes with TLR4/8 produced a significant increase in the number of CD86+ and decrease in the number of PD-L1+ cells in patients with the progressive course. In patients with the relapsing-remitting course LPS produced an increase in number of PD-L1+ cells. We did not find any difference in activity of the arginase pathway of L-arginine metabolism in the intact monocyte fraction of peripheral blood in patients with multiple sclerosis versus the control group, but stimulation with TLR4 agonist of mononuclear cells of patients with progressive course caused significant increased arginase activity versus baseline. At the same time, versus control cells arginase activity in patients with the progressive course decreased after LPS treatment, but trended to increase after TLR7/8 treatment. In patients with the relapsing-remitting course these changes had a similar direction but were less expressed. The results may be considered as an indication of the activation of peripheral blood monocytes and their polarization trend in the M1 direction in patients with the progressive course of multiple sclerosis, these changes could be considered as signs of violation of autoimmune regulatory mechanisms in multiple sclerosis.

scholarly journals Cytochemical, functional, and proliferative characteristics of promonocytes and monocytes from patients with monocytic leukemia

Blood ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
R van Furth ◽  
TL van Zwet
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocytes ◽  
Acute Monocytic Leukemia ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Monocytic Leukemia ◽  
Peripheral Blood Monocytes ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
The Mean

Abstract This article deals with a prospective study on the cytochemical, functional, and proliferative characteristics of promonocytes and bone marrow and peripheral blood monocytes of 20 patients with acute monocytic leukemia and 7 patients with chronic monocytic leukemia. The results show a wide variation in the peroxidase and esterase activities in these cells, whereas the percentages of mononuclear phagocytes with Fc gamma and C3b receptors did not differ appreciably from those in normal individuals. A discriminant analysis of these data and corresponding data from normal individuals showed that a below-normal peroxidase activity of circulating monocytes has predictive value for the presence of monocytic leukemia; a below-normal esterase activity has less, but nevertheless some, predictive value in this respect. An increase in the percentage of circulating monocytes, a decrease in the percentage of Fc gamma or C3b receptors, and a decline in the ability to phagocytose bacteria has no predictive value for the presence of monocytic leukemia. The mean percentage of patients' promonocytes that incorporated 3H-thymidine amounted to 80.9%, which is close to the control value in normal individuals. The mean values for the labeling indices of cultured bone marrow and peripheral blood monocytes are 1.0% and 0.74%, respectively; when 3H-thymidine was added to whole blood, the labeling index of the monocytes amounted to 3.6%. These percentages are only a little higher than those found for monocytes of normal individuals. These results indicate that the majority of the circulating monocytes in acute and chronic monocytic leukemia are not actively dividing or blast cells.

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