scholarly journals Cytochemical, functional, and proliferative characteristics of promonocytes and monocytes from patients with monocytic leukemia

Blood ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
R van Furth ◽  
TL van Zwet
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocytes ◽  
Acute Monocytic Leukemia ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Monocytic Leukemia ◽  
Peripheral Blood Monocytes ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
The Mean

Abstract This article deals with a prospective study on the cytochemical, functional, and proliferative characteristics of promonocytes and bone marrow and peripheral blood monocytes of 20 patients with acute monocytic leukemia and 7 patients with chronic monocytic leukemia. The results show a wide variation in the peroxidase and esterase activities in these cells, whereas the percentages of mononuclear phagocytes with Fc gamma and C3b receptors did not differ appreciably from those in normal individuals. A discriminant analysis of these data and corresponding data from normal individuals showed that a below-normal peroxidase activity of circulating monocytes has predictive value for the presence of monocytic leukemia; a below-normal esterase activity has less, but nevertheless some, predictive value in this respect. An increase in the percentage of circulating monocytes, a decrease in the percentage of Fc gamma or C3b receptors, and a decline in the ability to phagocytose bacteria has no predictive value for the presence of monocytic leukemia. The mean percentage of patients' promonocytes that incorporated 3H-thymidine amounted to 80.9%, which is close to the control value in normal individuals. The mean values for the labeling indices of cultured bone marrow and peripheral blood monocytes are 1.0% and 0.74%, respectively; when 3H-thymidine was added to whole blood, the labeling index of the monocytes amounted to 3.6%. These percentages are only a little higher than those found for monocytes of normal individuals. These results indicate that the majority of the circulating monocytes in acute and chronic monocytic leukemia are not actively dividing or blast cells.

scholarly journals Cytochemical, functional, and proliferative characteristics of promonocytes and monocytes from patients with monocytic leukemia

Blood ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-304
Author(s):  
R van Furth ◽  
TL van Zwet
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocytes ◽  
Acute Monocytic Leukemia ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Monocytic Leukemia ◽  
Peripheral Blood Monocytes ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
The Mean

This article deals with a prospective study on the cytochemical, functional, and proliferative characteristics of promonocytes and bone marrow and peripheral blood monocytes of 20 patients with acute monocytic leukemia and 7 patients with chronic monocytic leukemia. The results show a wide variation in the peroxidase and esterase activities in these cells, whereas the percentages of mononuclear phagocytes with Fc gamma and C3b receptors did not differ appreciably from those in normal individuals. A discriminant analysis of these data and corresponding data from normal individuals showed that a below-normal peroxidase activity of circulating monocytes has predictive value for the presence of monocytic leukemia; a below-normal esterase activity has less, but nevertheless some, predictive value in this respect. An increase in the percentage of circulating monocytes, a decrease in the percentage of Fc gamma or C3b receptors, and a decline in the ability to phagocytose bacteria has no predictive value for the presence of monocytic leukemia. The mean percentage of patients' promonocytes that incorporated 3H-thymidine amounted to 80.9%, which is close to the control value in normal individuals. The mean values for the labeling indices of cultured bone marrow and peripheral blood monocytes are 1.0% and 0.74%, respectively; when 3H-thymidine was added to whole blood, the labeling index of the monocytes amounted to 3.6%. These percentages are only a little higher than those found for monocytes of normal individuals. These results indicate that the majority of the circulating monocytes in acute and chronic monocytic leukemia are not actively dividing or blast cells.

Surfactant proteins A and D specifically stimulate directed actin-based responses in alveolar macrophages

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (1) ◽  
pp. L164-L174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael James Tino ◽  
Jo Rae Wright
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Actin Polymerization ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Surfactant Protein ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocytes ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Peripheral Blood Monocytes ◽  
Specific Effects

Surfactant protein (SP) A and SP-D are the pulmonary members of the collectin family, structurally related proteins involved in innate immune responses. Here, we have examined the abilities of SP-A, SP-D, mannose-binding protein (MBP), and the complement component C1q to stimulate actin-based cellular functions in rat alveolar macrophages and peripheral blood monocytes. Our goal in this study was to examine the cell specificity of the effects of the collectins to understand further the mechanisms by which SP-A and SP-D stimulate alveolar macrophages. We found that SP-A and SP-D have lung cell-specific effects at physiologically relevant concentrations; they stimulate directional actin polymerization and chemotaxis in alveolar macrophages but not in monocytes. Although C1q and MBP weakly stimulate the rearrangement of actin in both cell types, C1q is chemotactic only for peripheral blood monocytes and MBP does not stimulate chemotaxis of either cell type. Neither C1q nor MBP stimulates actin polymerization in alveolar macrophages. These results support the hypothesis that alveolar macrophages express receptors specific for the pulmonary collectins SP-A and SP-D and provide insight into the potential roles of collectins in the recruitment and maturation of mononuclear phagocytes in the lung.

scholarly journals Functional and metabolic characteristics of peripheral blood mononuclear phagocytes in patients with different clinical courses of multiple sclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 494-500
Author(s):  
O. M. Koliada ◽  
N. I. Vdovichenko ◽  
T. I. Kolyada ◽  
O. P. Bilozorov
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocytes ◽  
Arginase Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Arginine Metabolism ◽  
Peripheral Blood Monocytes ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Progressive Course

Functional and metabolic features of intact and stimulated mononuclear phagocytes were studied in patients with different clinical courses of multiple sclerosis, the study included 66 patients with relapsing-remitting and 32 patients with progressive course of multiple sclerosis. The state of the mononuclear phagocytes was characterized by expression of costimulatory molecules and direction of L-arginine metabolism. Relative quantities of CD80, CD86 and PD-L1 positive monocytes were determined with Phycoerytrin-labeled monoclonal antibodies in immunofluorescence test in peripheral blood and after culture in parallel series with addition of: (a) E.coli lipopolysaccharide (a stimulator of TLR4), (b) a single-stranded RNA – preparation ssRNA40/LyoVec (a stimulator of TLR7/8), (c) IL-4 (an anti-inflammatory interleukin). The formation of NO was determined by the amount of nitrite in the culture supernatants, arginase activity was determined in cell lysates of the monocyte fraction. We showed that functional and phenotypic characteristics of monocytes depend on the clinical course of multiple sclerosis. In patients with progressive course, the relative number of CD86+ cells was significantly higher and PD-L1+ cells significantly lower than in patients with relapsing-remitting course and healthy persons, in patients with relapsing-remitting course the number of PD-L1+ cells was increased. The number of CD80+ cells did not show any significant difference in the investigated groups of patients relative to the control group. In vitro stimulation of peripheral blood monocytes with TLR4/8 produced a significant increase in the number of CD86+ and decrease in the number of PD-L1+ cells in patients with the progressive course. In patients with the relapsing-remitting course LPS produced an increase in number of PD-L1+ cells. We did not find any difference in activity of the arginase pathway of L-arginine metabolism in the intact monocyte fraction of peripheral blood in patients with multiple sclerosis versus the control group, but stimulation with TLR4 agonist of mononuclear cells of patients with progressive course caused significant increased arginase activity versus baseline. At the same time, versus control cells arginase activity in patients with the progressive course decreased after LPS treatment, but trended to increase after TLR7/8 treatment. In patients with the relapsing-remitting course these changes had a similar direction but were less expressed. The results may be considered as an indication of the activation of peripheral blood monocytes and their polarization trend in the M1 direction in patients with the progressive course of multiple sclerosis, these changes could be considered as signs of violation of autoimmune regulatory mechanisms in multiple sclerosis.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF GLUCOCORTICOSTEROIDS ON THE KINETICS OF MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTES

1970 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Thompson ◽  
Ralph van Furth
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Rapid Decrease ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocytes ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hydrocortisone Acetate ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Peripheral Blood Monocytes ◽  
Kinetics Of

The effect of glucocorticosteroids on the kinetics of mononuclear phagocytes, i.e., peripheral blood monocytes and peritoneal macrophages, was studied in normal mice, as well as in mice in which an inflammatory reaction was evoked in the peritoneal cavity. The administration of glucocorticosteroids resulted in a rapid decrease (within 3–6 hr) in the number of circulating monocytes, the duration being dependent on the nature and dose of the compound. The water-soluble dexamethasone sodium phosphate is only briefly active (less than 12 hr), but hydrocortisone acetate, which forms a subcutaneous depot, reduced the number of monocytes for more than 2 wk. In normal mice, hydrocortisone did not affect the number of macrophages already present in the peritoneal cavity, but the transit of mononuclear phagocytes from the circulation into the peritoneal cavity was arrested. During an inflammatory response in the peritoneal cavity, hydrocortisone suppresses both the increase in the number of monocytes in the peripheral blood and the increase in the number of peritoneal macrophages. This reduction of the inflammatory exudate appeared to be due to a diminished influx of mononuclear phagocytes from the peripheral blood. No lytic action of glucocorticosteroids on the mononuclear phagocytes could be demonstrated.

INCREASED PRODUCTION OF PROCOAGULANT ACTIVITY BY PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONOCYTES IN HUMAN AND EXPERIMENTAL OBSTRUCTIVE JAUNDICE

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Semeraro ◽  
P Montemurro ◽  
G Chetta ◽  
D Altomare ◽  
D Giordano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Jaundice ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocytes ◽  
Procoagulant Activity ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Peripheral Blood Monocytes ◽  
Duct Ligation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Low Levels

Fibrin formation and subsequent microvascular thrombosis are important pathogenetic factors in renal failure associated with severe obstructive jaundice (OJ) particularly after surgery, but the mechanism of blood clotting activation is poorly understood. We have studied the procoagulant activity (PCA) of peripheral blood monocytes (M) in 35 patients with severe OJ (serum bilirubin > 8 mg% ) and in 27 nonjaundiced control patients, using a one-stage clotting assay. Monocytes from jaundiced patients, tested immediately after isolation, expressed low levels of PCA (7.3 ± 2.0 u/ 105 M) which was, however, significantly higher than in cells from controls (2.5 ± 0.4 u; p<0.05). In addition, following incubation in short-term cultures with and without endotoxin, they generated significantly more PCA than did control cells (p< 0.005) No significant difference in PCA was found between patients with and without malignancy in either group. In rabbits made icteric by bile duct ligation (15 days), the endotoxin-induced monocyte PCA was markedly increased as compared to sham-operated animals ( p<0.05). In all instances PCA was identified as tissue factor. When related to the clinical outcome of the disease, PCA was about 3-fold higher in the jaundiced patients who died than in the survivors (p<0.01). All patients with a fatal evolution had more than 500 u of endotoxin-induced PCA/105 M; such high levels of PCA were found only in 26% of icteric, uncomplicated patients and in 4% of controls (all without complications). The increased capacity of mononuclear phagocytes to produce PCA might help explain activation of blood coagulation in severe 0J. The association between exceedingly high levels of PCA and lethal outcome suggests that PCA may have a prognostic significance.

scholarly journals Phagocytosis and intracellular killing by peripheral blood monocytes of patients with monocytic leukemia

Blood ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1234-1238
Author(s):  
R van Furth ◽  
PC Leijh ◽  
TL van Zwet ◽  
MT van den Barselaar
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Intracellular Killing ◽  
Monocytic Leukemia ◽  
Interesting Phenomenon ◽  
Opsonic Activity ◽  
Peripheral Blood Monocytes ◽  
Serum Factors ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
The Mean

This article concerns a study on the endocytic functions of circulating monocytes from 12 patients with acute or chronic monocytic leukemia. The results show that phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Staphylococcus aureus are impaired in only two patients and that the opsonic activity of the serum of all patients is normal. With respect to the intracellular killing of ingested Staphylococcus aureus, an interesting phenomenon was found in that the cells of patients with monocytic leukemia proved to be in a state of activation, as shown by the finding that patients' monocytes with normal phagocytosis killed about 64% of the ingested bacteria in the absence of extracellular stimulation by serum factors. When extracellular serum was present, the mean killing index rose to only 69%. This is unlike the situation seen in monocytes from healthy donors, where no killing occurs in the absence of extracellular serum and extracellular stimulation by serum factors is mandatory for optimal intracellular killing.

Macrophage Motility Dysfunction in a Patient with Recurrent Infections.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 3835-3835
Author(s):  
Paul T. Jubinsky ◽  
Mary Short ◽  
Anthony Ashton ◽  
Diane Cox ◽  
Fiona Pixley
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Peripheral Blood Monocytes ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Abstract Three members of a family with normal parents had a common constellation of findings that included absent corpus callosum and recurrent bacterial infections. The older male and female siblings both died from infection at an early age. The patient’s CBC was significant for elevated numbers of monocytes that were large and vacuolated. Her T- and B-cell function was normal. These preliminary findings suggested a defect in innate immunity. Evaluation of the patient’s peripheral blood monocytes by flow cytometry showed normal size and maturity. Phagocytosis and activation of peripheral blood derived macrophages by cytokines were also similar to controls. In contrast, the patient’s cultured macrophages were significantly more spread than those from normal individuals and contained a disordered actin cytoskeleton when cultured on fibronectin. The ability of the macrophage to transmigrate across an endothelial cell barrier was impaired. However examination by time-lapse videomicroscopy showed that the mutant macrophages had increased protrusional activity and movement. This is the first report describing a genetic macrophage motility disorder that results in an increased susceptibility to infection.

scholarly journals Phagocytosis and intracellular killing by peripheral blood monocytes of patients with monocytic leukemia

Blood ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1234-1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
R van Furth ◽  
PC Leijh ◽  
TL van Zwet ◽  
MT van den Barselaar
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Intracellular Killing ◽  
Monocytic Leukemia ◽  
Interesting Phenomenon ◽  
Opsonic Activity ◽  
Peripheral Blood Monocytes ◽  
Serum Factors ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
The Mean

Abstract This article concerns a study on the endocytic functions of circulating monocytes from 12 patients with acute or chronic monocytic leukemia. The results show that phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Staphylococcus aureus are impaired in only two patients and that the opsonic activity of the serum of all patients is normal. With respect to the intracellular killing of ingested Staphylococcus aureus, an interesting phenomenon was found in that the cells of patients with monocytic leukemia proved to be in a state of activation, as shown by the finding that patients' monocytes with normal phagocytosis killed about 64% of the ingested bacteria in the absence of extracellular stimulation by serum factors. When extracellular serum was present, the mean killing index rose to only 69%. This is unlike the situation seen in monocytes from healthy donors, where no killing occurs in the absence of extracellular serum and extracellular stimulation by serum factors is mandatory for optimal intracellular killing.

scholarly journals Characteristics of human mononuclear phagocytes

Blood ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 485-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
R van Furth ◽  
JA Raeburn ◽  
TL van Zwet
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocyte ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocytes ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Surface Receptors ◽  
Three Body

Abstract In this study human mononuclear phagocytes from the bone marrow (promonocytes and monocytes), peripheral blood monocytes, and tissue macrophages from the skin and the peritoneal cavity were studied with respect to their morphological, cytochemical, and functional characteristics, cell surface receptors, and 3H-thymidine incorporation in vitro. The results show similarities between mononuclear phagocytes of the three body compartments with respect to esterase staining, the presence of peroxidase-positive granules, the presence of IgG and C receptors, and pinocytic and phagocytic activity. Promonocytes are the most immature mononuclear phagocytes identified in human bone marrow, and since about 80% of these cells incorporate 3H-thymidine, they are actively dividing cells. Monocytes, whether in bone marrow or the peripheral blood, and both skin and peritoneal macrophages label minimally with 3H-thymidine and thus are nondividing cells. Since the characteristics of mononuclear phagocytes in man and mouse do not diverge greatly, it is probable that the cell sequence based on in vitro and in vivo 3H-thymidine labeling studies in the mouse holds for man as well. The successive stages of development of the human mononuclear phagocyte cell line will then be as follows: monoblasts (not yet characterized in man) divide to form promonocytes, and these cells in turn divide and give rise to monocytes that do not divide further; they leave the bone marrow, circulate in the peripheral blood, and finally become macrophages in the various tissues.

RANTES inhibits HIV-1 replication in human peripheral blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (5) ◽  
pp. L1025-L1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Coffey ◽  
C. Woffendin ◽  
S. M. Phare ◽  
R. M. Strieter ◽  
D. M. Markovitz
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocytes ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Hiv Replication ◽  
Peripheral Blood Monocytes ◽  
Cd8 T Lymphocytes ◽  
Hiv 1

Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 most often leads to the development of acquired immune deficiency syndrome, which may manifest with opportunistic infections, many of which occur in the lung. Mononuclear phagocytes infected by HIV-1, being relatively resistant to its cytopathic effects, potentially act as a reservoir for the virus. The alveolar macrophage (AM), a differentiated lung tissue macrophage, is readily infected by HIV-1, after which the virus becomes relatively dormant. C-C chemokines, secreted by CD8 T lymphocytes and other cells, are known to suppress HIV replication in lymphocytes. In view of this observation, and the relative increase in CD8+ T lymphocytes during HIV-1 disease, particularly in the lung, we hypothesized that C-C chemokines might play a key role in suppressing HIV-1 replication in AM. We examined the effect of the C-C chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1 alpha, MIP-1 beta, and regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) singly and in combination on HIV-1 replication in peripheral blood monocytes (PBM) and AM infected in vitro. Our findings indicate that RANTES suppresses HIV-1 replication, as measured by reverse transcriptase activity, in PBM (41.3 +/- 15.2% of control, n = 3, P < 0.05) and AM (30.3 +/- 7.8% of control, n = 3, P < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner. The other C-C chemokines had no significant effect singly (MIP-1 alpha PBM: 64.8 +/- 21.9%; AM: 115.0 +/- 2.4% of control; MIP-1 beta PBM: 68 +/- 19.6; AM: 63.3 +/- 26.2% of control) but modestly decreased HIV replication when incubated in addition to RANTES (24.5 +/- 6.5% of control). These observations suggest that RANTES plays a key role in modulating HIV-1 replication in mononuclear phagocytes in the blood and lung, and this may have therapeutic implications for prevention and/or treatment of HIV disease.

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