scholarly journals IMMUNE RESPONSES IN VITRO

1974 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
pp. 921-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl W. Pierce ◽  
Judith A. Kapp ◽  
Susan M. Solliday ◽  
Martin E. Dorf ◽  
Baruj Benacerraf
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Sheep Erythrocytes ◽  
Selective Suppression ◽  
D Region ◽  
Stimulate Antibody

The effects of alloantisera against leukocyte alloantigens on plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses to sheep erythrocytes and the terpolymer of L-glutamic acid60-L-alanine30-L-tyrosine10 (GAT) by mouse spleen cells in vitro have been investigated. Polyspecific antibodies against both H-2 and non-H-2 alloantigens on responding spleen cells suppressed both IgM and IgG PFC responses; antisera against alloantigens coded for by the K and I regions, but not the D region, of the H-2 complex also effectively suppressed PFC responses. The suppression was not due to cytotoxicity to the spleen cells or anti-immunoglobulin activity in the sera and was directly related to the amount of antiserum added to the cultures. The suppression was specific for spleen cells against which the alloantiserum was directed. The alloantisera suppressed responses most effectively when present during the first 24 h of incubation, and although not rendering lymphoid cells incapable of developing PFC responses after removal of noncell-bound antibody, did act by interfering with successful initiation of the PFC response. The alloantisera suppressed both IgM and IgG PFC responses when directed against alloantigens only on macrophages, but selectively suppressed IgG responses when directed against alloantigens only on lymphoid cells. The alloantisera did not interfere with the ability of macrophages to bind GAT or to support the viability of the lymphoid cells, but did interfere with the ability of macrophage-associated antigen to effectively stimulate antibody responses by the lymphoid cells. Possible mechanisms for the effects of alloantisera on macrophages and the selective suppression of IgG responses when the antisera are directed against alloantigens on lymphoid cells are discussed with reference to our current understanding of genetic restrictions governing cell interactions in the development of antibody responses in mice.

scholarly journals THE PROLIFERATIVE AND ANAMNESTIC ANTIBODY RESPONSE OF RABBIT LYMPHOID CELLS IN VITRO

1970 ◽  
Vol 131 (5) ◽  
pp. 970-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Theis ◽  
G. J. Thorbecke
Keyword(s):  
Cell Interaction ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Secondary Response ◽  
Adherent Cell ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Sheep Erythrocytes ◽  
Absorbent Cotton ◽  
Depletion Effect ◽  
Made In

Both primary and secondary responses to sheep erythrocytes and to Brucella abortus antigen have been obtained in cultures of dispersed rabbit spleen cells. Removal of adherent cells by repeated incubation of spleen cells on absorbent cotton diminished the ability of the spleen cell suspensions to give secondary as well as primary responses in vitro. When comparing cultures made in dishes and in tubes, the loss of responsiveness after incubation on cotton was much more evident in the dish cultures. It was concluded that the cell-to-cell interaction needed for immune responses to particulate antigens in vitro was more readily interfered with when the cells were spread over a larger surface area. The proliferative response to antigen, as measured by uptake of 3H-thymidine in tube cultures of the sensitive spleen cells, appeared particularly resistant to the depletion effect of adherent cell removal. Dispersed spleen cells from sensitized mice gave a secondary response to sheep erythrocytes. This response was readily abolished by one incubation on absorbent cotton when the cells were cultured in dishes.

scholarly journals Regulation by the H-2 gene complex of macrophage-lymphoid cell interactions in secondary antibody responses in vitro.

1976 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
C W Pierce ◽  
J A Kapp ◽  
B Benacerraf
Keyword(s):  
Lymphoid Cell ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Gene Complex ◽  
Secondary Antibody ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Antigen Complex ◽  
Peritoneal Exudate Macrophages

The ability of antigen-bearing syngeneic and allogeneic peptone-induced peritoneal exudate macrophages to support development of primary and secondary antibody responses by murine lymphoid or spleen cells in vitro has been investigated. The antigen used was the terpolymer of L-glutamic acid60-L-alanine30-L-tyrosine10 (GAT). Syngeneic and allogeneic macrophages supported development of comparable primary antibody responses to GAT, indicating that genetic restrictions do not limit efficient macrophage-lymphocyte interactions in primary responses. By contrast, immunized spleen or lymphoid cells developed secondary antibody responses preferentially when stimulated in vitro with GAT on macrophages syngeneic to the macrophages used to present GAT during in vivo immunization. Thus, genetic restrictions regulate efficient macrophage-lymphocyte interactions in secondary antibody responses. These restrictions have been demonstrated from 2 to 8 wk after a single immunization with limiting quantities of GAT and are controlled by the H-2 gene complex. The implications that immune lymphocytes selectively recognize and respond to antigen presented in the context of the macrophage membrane-antigen complex which sensitized the lymphocytes initially are considered.

scholarly journals IMMUNE RESPONSES IN VITRO

1969 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl W. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cell Response ◽  
Memory Cell ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Different Populations

A cell suspension culture system combined with a procedure which separates most macrophages from lymphoid cells was used to investigate some of the cellular requirements for direct and indirect plaque-forming cell responses by nonprimed and primed mouse spleen cells in vitro. The plaque-forming cell response to heterologous erythrocytes in cultures of nonprimed spleen cells required both macrophages and lymphoid cells for its development. A significant indirect plaque-forming cell response did not develop in cultures of nonprimed spleen cells. In contrast, cultures of separated or macrophage-poor lymphoid cells from primed mice exhibited increasing responses relative to the response of unseparated spleen cells as the interval after priming increased. The cultures of separated lymphoid cells were not entirely free of phagocytic cells. Despite some evidence which suggests that these phagocytic cells had little function in the response, one cannot ascertain whether the lymphoid cells were responding directly to a second contact with antigen or whether the few contaminating phagocytic cells were performing a function essential to the response by the lymphoid cells. Physiologically different populations of cells appear to develop after priming and are able to respond in vitro in a macrophage-poor culture. Some of the properties of these populations suggest that they are "memory cell" pools containing precursors of direct and indirect plaque-forming cells highly susceptible to a second antigenic stimulus.

scholarly journals Efficiency of pH-Sensitive Fusogenic Polymer-Modified Liposomes as a Vaccine Carrier

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinobu Watarai ◽  
Tana Iwase ◽  
Tomoko Tajima ◽  
Eiji Yuba ◽  
Kenji Kono
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Ph Sensitive ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Antigen Delivery ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Delivery Vehicle ◽  
Spleen Lymphocytes ◽  
Vaccine Carrier ◽  
Specific Mrna

The usefulness of pH-sensitive fusogenic polymer-(succinylated poly(glycidol)-(SucPG-) modified liposomes as a vaccine carrier in the induction of immune responses was evaluated. Mice were intraperitoneally immunized with ovalbumin- (OVA-) containing SucPG-modified liposomes. After immunization, significant OVA-specific antibodies were detected in the serum. When sera were analyzed for isotype distribution, OVA-specific IgG1 antibody responses were noted in mice immunized with OVA-containing polymer-unmodified liposomes, whereas immunization with OVA-containing SucPG-modified liposomes resulted in the induction of OVA-specific IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG3 Ab responses. In spleen lymphocytes from mice immunized with OVA-containing SucPG-modified liposomes, both IFN-γ-(Th1-type-) and IL-4-(Th2 type-) specific mRNA were detected. Moreover, substantial production of IFN-γand IL-4 was demonstrated in spleen cells from OVA-containing SucPG-modified liposomesin vitro. These results suggest that the pH-sensitive fusogenic polymer-(SucPG-) modified liposomes would serve effectively as an antigen delivery vehicle for inducing Th1 and Th2 immune responses.

scholarly journals IMMUNE RESPONSES IN VITRO

1969 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl W. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Sheep Erythrocyte ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Mouse Spleen ◽  
Suppressive Activity ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Antigen Antibody

The effects of hyperimmune anti-sheep erythrocyte (SRBC) antibody on the plaque-forming cell (PFC) response to SRBC by mouse spleen cells in vitro were studied. Anti-SRBC antibody specifically suppressed the PFC response against SRBC. The degree of suppression was directly related to the amount of antibody added and was overcome by large amounts of antigen. Suppressive activity was absorbed from the sera by SRBC and could be partially eluted from the antigen by heat. The PFC response in cultures stimulated with antigen-antibody complexes prepared with high concentrations of antibody were suppressed; however, some complexes prepared at lower antibody concentrations stimulated greater responses than SRBC alone. Antibodies collected after four immunizations had greater suppressive ability than those collected after two immunizations. The degree of suppression was as great whether antibody was added at the initiation of the cultures or 24 hr later, suggesting that during the first 24 hr the culture system was antigen-dependent. Incubation of separated lymphoid cells with antibody did not impair their ability to develop a PFC response in vitro. However, if macrophages were incubated with antibody either before or after incubation with SRBC, the subsequent PFC response by lymphoid cells was suppressed. The data are consistent with the conclusion that antibody suppresses the PFC response in vitro by neutralizing the antigenic stimulus at the macrophage-dependent phase of the response.

scholarly journals Immunosuppressive factor(s) extracted from lymphoid cells of nonresponder mice primed with L-glutamic acid60-L-alanine30-L-tyrosine10 (GAT) II. Cellular source and effect on responder and nonresponder mice.

1977 ◽  
Vol 145 (4) ◽  
pp. 828-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Kapp ◽  
C W Pierce ◽  
B Benacerraf
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Suppressor T Cells ◽  
Immunosuppressive Factor ◽  
Cellular Source ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Specific Suppressor T Cells

The synthetic terpolymer of L-glutamic acid60-L-alanine30-L-tyrosine10 (GAT) fails to stimulate development of GAT-specific antibody responses in nonresponder strains of mice, but does stimulate the development of GAT-specific suppressor T cells that inhibit the development of normal anti-GAT antibody responses to GAT complexed to methylated bovine serum albumin (GAT-MBSA). Furthermore, extracts prepared from lymphoid cells of GAT-primed, but not control, nonresponder mice inhibit the development of antibody responses to GAT-MBSA by normal nonresponder mice. This suppression is specific, dose-dependent, and can be readily analyzed in vitro. The suppressive factor is a T-cell product. An extract from GAT-primed DBA/1 mice inhibits the response to GAT-MBSA by spleen cells from histoincompatible strains of mice that are nonresponders to GAT, but not strains that are responders to GAT.

scholarly journals GENETIC CONTROL OF IMMUNE RESPONSES IN VITRO

1974 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baruj Benacerraf ◽  
Judith A. Kapp ◽  
Carl W. Pierce ◽  
David H. Katz
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Culture Initiation ◽  
Cooperative Interactions

The conditions for cooperative interactions between nonresponder B10.S B cells and GAT-primed irradiated (C57BL/6 x SJL)F1 T cells in the response by cultures of mouse spleen cells to GAT were investigated. GAT-specific antibody responses could be elicited by soluble GAT in cultures of GAT-primed irradiated (C57BL/6 x SJL)F1 T cells with C57BL/6 B cells but not with B10.S B cells. In contrast, when GAT was presented to the cultures on F1 macrophages or as aggregates of GAT with MBSA, GAT-specific PFC responses were observed with both B10.S or C57BL/6 B cells. Irradiated GAT-primed T cells were nevertheless essential for the development of these responses. The GAT-specific response of B10.S B cells in these cultures was inhibited by the addition of soluble GAT at culture initiation. These results indicate that genetic disparity at Ir loci is not an absolute barrier to T-B-cell cooperative interactions in the response to antigens under Ir gene control. The significance of these data for the function of Ir gene products in immunocompetent cells is discussed.

Immunization of mice against Trichinella spiralis and T. britovi using excretory and secretory antigens

1997 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.K. Goyal ◽  
F. Bolas-Fernandez ◽  
D. Wakelin
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
T Helper ◽  
T Helper 2 ◽  
Mesenteric Node ◽  
Specific Igg

AbstractImmune responses to immunization and infection with Trichinella spiralis and T. britovi were studied in NIH high-responder mice. Overall it was shown that T. britovi was the more immunogenic, immunization and challenge with this species giving greater host-protective immunity. This greater immunogenicity was reflected in higher proliferative responses when mesenteric node lymphocytes (MLNC) from immunized mice were restimulated with T. britovi antigens in vitro and in higher levels of T helper 2 (Th2) lymphocyte-dependent specific IgG1 antibody responses against this species. MLNC from mice immunized against T. britovi released more IL-5 when restimulated in vitro, again suggesting a greater T helper 2 subset response, but after infection the highest levels of IL-5 were recorded from MLNC taken from T. spiralis challenged mice. These data are discussed in relation to current understanding of immunological differences between species and isolates of the genus Trichinella.

scholarly journals Ontogeny of culture-generated suppressor cells.

1979 ◽  
Vol 150 (6) ◽  
pp. 1359-1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
F M Rollwagen ◽  
O Stutman
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cells ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Suppressor Cells ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Lymphocyte Response ◽  
Old Mice

Culture of murine lymphoid cells without added antigen results in the generation of cells which suppress a variety of in vitro immune responses, such as the mixed lymphocyte response (MLR) and the generation of alloreactive cytotoxic T cells (CTL). The ontogeny of this phenomenon was studied. Cells which suppressed the MLR after preculture were isolated from spleens and hematopoietic livers of fetal and young (less than 1 wk old) mice. On the other hand, the generation of alloreactive CTL could be suppressed only by precultured spleen cells taken from 1-w-old or older mice. The parallel between the development of the suppressor functions and the maturation of the responses they regulate, suggests a possible biological significance of the effect.

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