scholarly journals Genetic polymorphism of mouse immunoglobulin light chains revealed by isoelectric focusing.

1976 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 298-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Isoelectric Focusing ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Rapid Analysis ◽  
Light Chains ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Immunoglobulin Light Chains ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Mouse Immunoglobulin ◽  
Gel Isoelectric Focusing ◽  
Hybrid Mice

Light chains isolated from normal immunoglobulin of unimmunized mice were analyzed by gel isoelectric focusing. Examination of the focusing patterns of light chains from nine inbred mouse strains showed that six of the strains (SWR/J, C3H/HeJ, DBA/1J, A/J, CBA/J, and C57BL/6J) possessed a virtually identical spectrum of focusing bands, while the remaining three strains (RF/J, AKR/J, and C58/J) showed clear differences involving several bands. Analysis of the light chains of individual SWR/J, C58/J, and F1 hybrid mice indicated that the differences in focusing pattern were inherited in a simple codominant fashion. A new procedure was developed for the rapid analysis of light chains from small quantities of serum.

The roles of pyruvate, lactate and glucose during preimplantation development of embryos from F1 hybrid mice in vitro

Development ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Brown ◽  
D.G. Whittingham
Keyword(s):  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Preimplantation Development ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Morula Stage ◽  
Lactate And Pyruvate ◽  
Hybrid Mice

Embryos of certain inbred mouse strains, and their F1 hybrids, are able to develop from the 1-cell to blastocyst stage in simple chemically defined media containing lactate (L), pyruvate (P) and glucose (G). The individual roles of these substrates in supporting complete preimplantation development in vitro was examined with 1-cell F2 embryos from B6CBF1 hybrid mice. Embryos collected between 26 and 27 h post hCG were cultured in medium containing L, P, LP or LPG. After 50 h in culture, the proportions developing to the morula stage were 1%, 83%, 94% and 100%, respectively. In combination, lactate and pyruvate appeared to act synergistically and both the rate and level of development to the morula stage were unaffected by the absence of glucose. After a further 46 h in culture, only the embryos grown in the presence of glucose developed into blastocysts. In LP medium, embryos arrested at the compacted morula stage late on day 3 of development. As culture continued in the absence of glucose, embryos decompacted (approximately 82 h post hCG) and subsequently degenerated. Exposure to medium containing glucose for the first, second or third 24 h period in culture was sufficient to support the morula-to-blastocyst transition. Glucose still supported this transition when embryos were transferred to LPG medium 3 h after the completion of compaction (76 h post hCG), but was ineffective 6 h later (82 h post hCG) once decompaction had commenced. We conclude that lactate and pyruvate together are able to support normal development of 1-cell F2 embryos to the morula stage in vitro, but that glucose is an essential component of the culture medium for development to the blastocyst stage.

scholarly journals Genetic control of cytolytic T-lymphocyte responses. I. Ir gene control of the specificity of cytolytic T-lymphocyte responses to trinitrophenyl-modified syngeneic cells.

1978 ◽  
Vol 148 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Billings ◽  
S J Burakoff ◽  
M E Dorf ◽  
B Benacerraf
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Gene Control ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Cytolytic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Lymphocyte Responses ◽  
Hybrid Mice

The ability of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) induced in vitro to trinitrophenyl (TNP)-modified syngeneic cells to cross-reactively lyse a TNP allogeneic spleen target varies among inbred mouse strains. The cross-reactive CTL phenotype was found to be histocompatibility 2 (H-2) linked and to be dominant in F1 hybrid mice. All strains investigated demonstrated cross-reactivity except for some strains bearing portions of the H-2k haplotype. The gene(s) controlling this response maps to the K and/or I-A region of the H-2 complex. We have termed the immune response (Ir) gene responsible for controlling the specificity of CTL induced to TNP-modified syngeneic cells Ir-X-TNP.

scholarly journals Reciprocal F1 hybrids of two inbred mouse strains reveal parent-of-origin and perinatal diet effects on behavior and expression

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Oreperk ◽  
Sarah A Schoenrock ◽  
Rachel McMullan ◽  
Robin Ervin ◽  
Joseph Farrington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Traits ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Hybrid Population ◽  
Psychiatric Disease ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Imprinted Genes ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Parent Of Origin

ABSTRACTParent-of-origin effects (POEs) in mammals typically arise from maternal effects or from imprinting. Mutations in imprinted genes have been associated with psychiatric disorders, as well as with changes in a handful of animal behaviors. Nonetheless, POEs on complex traits such as behavior remain largely uncharacterized. Furthermore, although perinatal environmental exposures, such as nutrient deficiency, are known to modify both behavior and epigenetic effects generally, the architecture of environment-by-POE is almost completely unexplored. To study POE and environment-by-POE, we employ a relatively neglected but maximally powerful POE-detection system: a reciprocal F1 hybrid population. We exposed female NOD/ShiLtJxC57Bl/6J and C57Bl/6JxNOD/ShiLtJ mice, in utero, to one of four different diets, then after weaning recorded their whole-brain gene expression, as well as a set of behaviors that model psychiatric disease. Microarray expression data revealed an imprinting-enriched set of over a dozen genes subject to POE; the POE on the most significantly affected gene, Carmil1 (a.k.a. Lrrc16a), was validated using qPCR in the same and in a new set of mice. Several behaviors, especially locomotor behaviors, also showed POE. Interestingly, Bayesian mediation analysis suggests Carmil1 expression suppresses behavioral POE, and Airn suppresses POE on Carmil1 expression. A significant diet-by-POE was observed on one behavior, one imprinted gene, and over a dozen non-imprinted genes. Beyond our particular results, our study demonstrates a reciprocal F1 hybrid framework for studying POE and environment-by-POE on behavior.

Translation of messenger RNA for mouse immunoglobulin light chains in living frog oocytes

1973 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Smith ◽  
J. Stavnezer ◽  
R.C. Huang ◽  
J.B. Gurdon ◽  
C.D. Lane
Keyword(s):  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Light Chains ◽  
Immunoglobulin Light Chains ◽  
Mouse Immunoglobulin

Application of a morphological time scale to hereditary differences in prenatal mouse development

Development ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-92
Author(s):  
Douglas Wahlsten ◽  
Patricia Wainwright
Keyword(s):  
Time Scale ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Inbred Mouse Strains ◽  
Mouse Development ◽  
Maternal Environment ◽  
Comparative Development ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Hybrid Mice ◽  
Advanced Development

A standardized morphological time scale for prenatal mice is presented, which is useful from 13·0 to 17·0 days chronological age with an accuracy of 0·1 day. Morphological age for an embryo or fetus is shown to correlate highly with ages estimated from body weight and crown-rump length. The time scale is used to study the comparative development from 14 to 17 days prenatal age of an F2 and four inbred mouse strains. The F2 mice average 0·5 day ahead of C57BL/6 mice, and C57BL/6 mice average 0·5 day ahead of A, BALB/c, and, at some ages, DBA/2 mice. Using reciprocal F1 crosses and reciprocal backcrosses, it is also shown that both the fetal heredity and the maternal environment contribute significantly to the more advanced development of hybrid mice.

scholarly journals A genetic basis for atrophy: dominant non-responsiveness and helicobacter induced gastritis in F1 hybrid mice

Gut ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Sutton ◽  
J Wilson ◽  
R Genta ◽  
D Torrey ◽  
A Savinainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Helicobacter Felis ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Hybrid Mice

BACKGROUNDThe importance of host factors in helicobacter induced gastritis has been shown in animal models. Infection of most mouse strains withHelicobacter felis results in a functional atrophic gastritis, while other strains remain gastritis free.AIMSTo investigate these host factors further by using genetic crosses of responder and non-responder mice.METHODSF1 hybrids of the non-responder CBA/Ca strain and three strains of mice known to develop H felis induced gastritis were infected for three months with H felis. Gastritis was assessed by histopathology and serum antibody responses by ELISA.RESULTSInfection of CBA/Ca mice and F1 hybrids induced little or no gastritis. Analyses of the antibody responses in these mice revealed virtually undetectable anti-helicobacter antibody levels despite colonisation with high numbers of H felis. In contrast, infection of H felis responsive strains induced gastritis and a significant humoral immune response.CONCLUSIONSThe non-responsiveness of CBA/Ca mice to H felis infection is dominantly inherited. The lack of gastritis in CBA mice and their offspring is probably due to active suppression of the immune response normally mounted against H felis. Investigation of these mechanisms will provide important insights relevant to induction of gastric atrophy and cancer in humans.

scholarly journals GENETIC CORRELATION OF A MOUSE LIGHT CHAIN VARIABLE REGION MARKER WITH A THYMOCYTE SURFACE ANTIGEN

1974 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
pp. 1432-1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Gottlieb
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Group ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Strain Distribution ◽  
Congenic Strain ◽  
Variable Region ◽  
Light Chains ◽  
Immunoglobulin Light Chains ◽  
Mouse Immunoglobulin ◽  
Peptide Expression ◽  
Peptide Marker

The inbred and congenic strain distribution of the IH-peptide marker in the variable region of mouse immunoglobulin light chains has been compared with other known genetic markers. A positive correlation was noted between the IH-peptide marker and expression of the Ly-3.1 thymocyte cell surface antigen. This suggests that the locus responsible for IH-peptide expression is genetically linked to the Ly-2 and Ly-3 loci in linkage group XI on chromsome 6 of the mouse.

scholarly journals T-cell-deficient mice produce more antihapten antibodies against syngeneic than against allogeneic erythrocyte conjugates.

1976 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Koskimies ◽  
O Mäkelä
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Congenic Mouse ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Suppressor T Cells ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Weak Response ◽  
Congenic Mouse Strains ◽  
Hybrid Mice ◽  
Deficient Mice

T-cell-deficient mice, either anti-thymocyte serum treated or nude mice, were immunized with hapten (4-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl acetic acid, NNP) conjugates of syngeneic, allogeneic, or xenogeneic erythrocytes. Immunization with syngeneic conjugates led to a stronger anti-NNP response than immunization with allogeneic or xenogeneic conjugates. A study of congenic mouse strains suggested that a prerequisite for this effect was that immunogenic erythrocytes and responding animals shared H-2-controlled characteristics. F1 hybrid erythrocyte conjugates injected into F1 hybrid mice behaved like other syngeneic erythrocytes. The same erythrocyte conjugates injected into either parental strain induced a weak response indistinguishable from the response to allogeneic erythrocyte conjugates. Parental erythrocyte conjugates injected into F1 mice induced an anti-NNP response that was significantly lower than the response to F1 erythrocyte conjugates but significantly higher than the response to allogeneic conjugates. The response of normal mice to syngeneic erythrocytes was weaker than the response of T-cell-deficient mice, which could have been caused by suppressor T cells. Their response to allogeneic conjugates was higher than the response of T-cell-deficient mice and the response to xenogeneic conjugates higher still. This was probably due to allo- or xenoreactive helper cells.

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